• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.7-17
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• 2020

This study investigated the differences in skin-related habits and skin health behavior according to the gender in college students. The questionnaire surveyed four category on general characteristics, skin-related habits, cosmetic use, and skin care habits. As a result, there were significant differences between gender in smoking(χ²=19.58, p=0.000) and exercise(χ²=17.59, p=0.001) habits. In all categories of cosmetics use, there were significant differences between gender. But both male and female college students were the highest in the 'Not used' and 'Less than once a week" in functional cosmetics, essence, nutritional cream, eye cream, mask pack and deep cleansing items. whereas, there were significant differences between gender in use of sun cream(χ²=31.20, p=0.000). The results of this study showed there were differences in gender according to the survey items. However, female college students were overall better than male college students in skin care.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.13-29
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• 2015

This study examined whether any differences were found in body comparison, body satisfaction, and appearance management behaviors according to socialcultural attitudes toward appearance among male and female adolescents in Gwangju and Jeolla province. It was conducted by a self-report survey of 598 male and female students in eigth and eleventh grades in Gwangju and Jeonnam province, South Korea. The collected survey data were analyzed by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, Factor analysis, ${\chi}^2$ test, K-means cluster analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's grouping using SPSS/PC WIN 19.0 statical program. The results were as the following: Adolescents perceived and internalized more highly than the common level the socialcultural value toward appearance, especially for female, and by age, juniors in high school than in middle school. Socialcultural attitudes toward appearance could be classified into four categories: 'Accepted type', 'internal type', 'aware type', and 'unaccepted type'. Students who were classified as 'accepted type', and 'internal type' showed lower level of body satisfaction and compared their bodies more often with others. They also actively received appearance management behaviors. Therefore, they showed positive attitude toward cosmetic surgery and functional garments. They also worked hard to reduce their weights just to show off to others. In conclusion, it is necessary for education programs to protect self-esteem of adolescents from the socialcultural distortion to appearance.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2004

Purpose: Among the various surgical methods used for the effective treatment of cystic lesion in the jaws historically, decompression procedure has some of superior prognosis compare to direct enucleation. In order to propose the efficacy of decompression we performed this retrospective study to compare decompression procedure with one-stage enucleation in clinical results and prognosis. Patients and Methods: We reviewed 175 patients who had been histopathologically diagnosed cystic lesions from 1996 to 2000 in our department. Patients who had been received decompression alone or secondary enucleation after decompression were 31 cases, and enucleation alone were 144 cases. The age and sex of the patients, the area, size, and histological type of the lesions, and detailed operation and complications including recurrence were investigated. The minimal follow-up period was 2 years. Results: In 31cases of decompression, male patients were 22cases(71%) similar to male predilection(62.3%) in total 175 cases. Cystic lesions were developed evenly in all age groups totally. Decompression was mainly performed in teenagers but enucleation was used in elder decades. In decompression cases the lesions were located in mandibular posterior, maxillary posterior, mandibular anterior, and maxillary anterior in order, which had some differences in total and enucleation cases. In enucleation cases, less than 3cm in size was 77.1% but larger than 3cm was 93.5% in decompression cases. Histopathologically, dentigerous cysts(54.8%), unicystic ameloblastomas(16.1%), and odontogenic keratocysts(12.9%) were seen in decompression cases and no recurrence or metaplasia and infection was observed. On the other hand, permanent tooth loss, numbness, recurrence, and so on were accompanied after enucleation. Conclusion: Although decompression procedure has disadvantages such as many of visiting times and slow recovery of the surgical defect, decompression is the best choice of treatment for large cystic lesions of the jaws, because it prevents functional and cosmetic defect, allows bone regeneration, and makes easy secondary enucleation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 1998

Video-assisted thoracic surgery(VATS) is emerging as a viable alternative to thoracotomy when surgical treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax is required. 20 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax underwent bullectomy between July 1995 and May 1996. The patients were divided into two groups : Control group ; the patients who received with mid-axillary approach(n=10), Experimental group ; the patients who received with VATS (n=10). The results were as follows ; 1. The total sex distribution was male predominance (male:female=17:3). Mean age of control group was 29.6$\pm$9.8 years and experimental group was 27.2$\pm$11.9 years. 2. The mean period of postoperative chest tube indwelling duration and hospital stay were 3.3$\pm$0.8 days and 7.9$\pm$1.2 days in control group and 2.1$\pm$0.9 days and 5.2$\pm$3.1 days in experimental group(p=0.005 and p=0.02). 3. The mean time of operation, vital signs and arterial blood gas analysis did not showed any statistical differences between the groups. 4. Percent recovery of tidal volume and forced vital capacity were significantly improved in experimental group comparing with control group (p<0.05). 5. The patients undergoing VATS experienced significantly less postoperative pain and limitation of motion. In conclusion, VATS is safe and offers the potential benefits of shorter postoperative hospital stays and less pain with cosmetic benefits.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.1 s.49
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• pp.43-49
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• 2005

Recently, according as people who have sensitive skin increase, we've been giving more importance to the safety of cosmetics. Especially, preservative is known to be one of the main stimuli which cause side-effects of cosmetics. However, there have been few reports describing cell cytotoxicity, skin penetration, oil-aqueous phase partition, anti-microbial activity of preservatives and their correlation with skin irritation. The study is aimed to develop low irritable preservative system with phenoxyethanol, one of the most commonly used preservatives in cosmetics, considering various factors mentioned above. According to our results of cell cytotoxicity against human normal fibroblasts by means of MTT assay, phenoxyethanol showed the lowest cytotoxicity when compared to other preservatives tested (cytotoxicity: pro-pylparaben > butylparaben > ethylparaben > methylparaben > triclosan > phenoxyethanol), but human patch test for assessing shin primary irritation revealed that phenoxyethanol has higher skin irritation than methylparaben and triclosan. We performed in vitro skin penetration test using horizontal Franz diffusion cells with skin membrane prepared from hairless mouse (5 ${\~}$ 8 weeks, male) to evaluate the rate of skin penetration of preservatives. From the results, we found that the higher irritable property of phenoxyethanol in human skin correlates with its predominant permeability (skin penetration: phenoxyethanol > methylparaben > ethylparaben > propylparaben > butylfaraben > triclosan). Therefore, we made an effort to reduce skin permeability of phenoxyethanol and found that not only the rate of skin penetration of phenoxyethanol but also its skin irritation is dramatically reduced in formulas containing oils with low polarity. In the experiments to investigate the effect of oil polarity on the oil-aqueous phase partition of phenoxyethanol, more than $70\%$ of phenoxyethanol was partitioned in aqueous phase in formulas containing oils with low polarity, while about $70 {\~} 90\%$ of phenoxyethanol was partitioned in oil phase in formulas containing oils with high polarity. Also, in aqueous phase phenoxyethanol showed greater anti-microbial activity. Conclusively, it appears that we can develop less toxic preservative system with reduced use dosage of phenox-yethanol and its skin penetration by changing oil composition in formulas.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.351-355
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• 2009

Purpose: Cervical necrotizing fasciitis tends to involve the deep soft tissues and spread caudally to the anterior chest and mediastinum, often resulting in major complications and death. It may rapidly spread into the thorax along fascial planes, and the associated diagnostic delay results in this descending necrotizing mediastinitis. So, aggressive multidisciplinary therapy with surgical drainage is mandatory. We present a very rare case of descending necrotizing mediastinitis with literature review. Methods: A 53 years old male visited our department 7 days after trauma in neck. His premorbid conditions and risk factors of necrotizing fasciitis were concealed hepatoma, trauma history, chronic liver disease, and nutrition deficit. Computed tomographic scans of the head and neck region were performed in this patient : signs of necrotizing fasciitis, were seen in the platysma, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius muscle and strap muscles of the neck. Fluid accumulations involved multiple neck spaces and mediastinum. At the time, he diagnosed as necrotizing fasciitis on his neck and anterior chest. Necrotic wound was excised serially and we treated this with the Vacuum - assisted closure(VAC, Kinetics Concepts International, San Antonio, Texas) system device. After appropriately shaping the sponge and achieving additional 3 pieces drainage tubes in the pockets, continuous negative pressure of 125 mmHg was applied. The VAC therapy was utilized for a period of 12 days. Results: We obtained satisfactory results from wide excision, abscess drainage with the VAC system, and then split thickness skin graft. The postoperative course was uneventful. Conclusion: The refined technique using the VAC system can provide a means of simple and effective management for the descending necrotizing mediastinitis, with better cosmetic and functional results. Finally, the VAC system has been adopted as the standard treatment for deep cervical and mediastinal wound infections as a result of the excellent clinical outcome.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.154-161
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity and hair growth effects of a natural herbal ethanol extract, Samhwang-Sasimtang(SS). In case of antioxidant ability of SS, the content of phenolic compounds was 28.44mg/g. The extract showed strong electron donating ability and free radical scavenging activity in a concentration-dependent manner. SOD-like activity also rose through increasing the concentrations of SS. In order to estimate the hair growth effects, the extract was applied to the back of seven-week-old C57BL/6 male mice ($150{\mu}{\ell}$ a day, five days a week, for four weeks) in four groups (C, control, saline; PC, positive control, 3% minoxidil; E1, experimental 1, 1% SS; E2, experimental 2, 2% SS). Ten mice were assigned to each group and five mice in each group were sacrificed at weeks 2 and 4, respectively. There was no a significant difference in body weight change among experimental groups. In macroscopic observation of hair growth at week 4, the scores of hair growth on the backs of mice were 80, 60, 40 and 20% in the PC, E2, E1 and C groups. In terms of histological observation, the ratio and thickness of hair follicles, the enzyme activities of ALP and ${\gamma}$-GT, immunohistological examination of IGF-1 and VEGF which are the hair growth factors, in each group were significantly high in this order: PC, E2, E1 and C group, at week 4. Meanwhile, hair growth inhibition factors, TGF-${\beta}1$ and Caspase-3, were reduced in PC, E1 and E2 groups compared with C group. These results indicate that SS extract may be effective in promoting hair growth, and suggest that it can be used practically as a superior natural agent for hair growth promotion.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.611-614
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• 2001

To determine the efficacy and safety of endoscopic resection and ablation of superficial varicosities using a powered vein resector, irrigated illuminator. Material and Method: 83 consecutive patients were involved in the study. 103 limbs in 83 patients were treated using a minimal invasive, powered, vein resecting devide with cutaneous transillumination and tumescent anesthesia technique. There were 51 women and 32 men. All patients were operated under general anesthesia or regional anesthesia. Operative time and patient satisfaction scores were recorded along with the number of incisions made. Result: 83 patients(51/61.4% female, 32/38.6% male, aged 25-78 years) had varicose vein. Average age at the time of operation was 45 years(range, 25 to 78 years). There were 63 unilateral procedures and 20 bilateral operations. Operative time ranged from 24 to 46 minutes (average 35.3 minutes) in the unilateral procedure. The number of incisions per limb averaged 2.7(range, 2 to 5). Postoperative complications occurred in 7(8.4%) patients. Patients were asked to describe their pain on an analog scale ranging form 1 to 10 with r representing no pain and 10 worst imaginable pain. Immediately postoperative pain score was 2.4 Postoperative pain score at 72 hours had a mean score of 2.0. Postoperative pain score at 1 months were 1. Conclusion: Varicose vein removal using Transilluminated Powered Phlebectomy(TIPP) is a safe and efficient procedure. The procedure saves time, is easy to perform, and gives direct visualization and a distinct endpoint of the removal of veins. It is also less tedious to perform and gives good cosmetic results with significant pain relief.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2004

Introduction: The hand and wrist are particularly susceptible to electrical burn. Skin defect with damage or exposure of underlying vital structure requires coverage by skin flap especially in case of the need for late reconstruction. We are reporting 4 cases of electrical burned hand treated by posterior tibial arterial free flap. The commonly used skin flaps such as scapular flap or groin flap are too bulky so that they are not satisfactory in function and cosmetic appearance. So we tried to cover them with a more thin skin flap. Materials and Method: From January 2002 to June 2003, four cases of hand and wrist electrical burn were covered using posterior tibial arterial free flap. All the cases were due to high voltage electrical burn. Age ranged from 31 years to 38 years old and all the cases were male patients. Recipient sites were 2 wrist, one thenar area and one knuckle of 2.3rd MP joint. Additional procedures were flexor tenolysis (simultaneous), FPL tenolysis and digital nerve graft (later) and extensor tendon reconstruction (later). Result: All the flap have survived totally without any complication including circulatory concern about the donar foot. Posterior tibail arterial free flap was so thin that debulking procedure was not required. Conclusion: For skin coverage of the hand & wrist region, posterior tibial arterial free flap have many advantages such as reliable anatomy, easy dissection and easy anastmosis with radial or ulnar artery and possibility of sensory flap. The most helpful advantage for hand coverage is its thinness. So we think this flap is one of the very useful armamentarium for reconstructive hand surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.501-508
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• 2005

Generally we use the preauricular incision to access and remove the parotid gland tumor. But the preauricular approach has some complications such as damage of facial nerve and sensory nerve, Frey's syndrome, and postoperative scar. Especially, the postoperative scar can often cause an unesthetic result and mental stress in young patients. Therefore, if we avoid preauricular incision to be performed outside of tragus, the postoperative scar would be hardly remarkable, and patients would be satisfied cosmetically. We performed surgical excision using a modified endaural and neck approach in a 21-year-old female with a pleomorphic adenoma and 15-year-old male with a neurofibroma occured in the parotid gland. A new, modified endaural and neck approach is a combined method of the modified endaural incision by Starck et al and Gutierrez's neck extension. We obtained an adequate access and the cosmetically acceptable postsurgical scar. The postoperative scars were hidden in the external ear and the hairline. Moreover, except the neck dissection can this approach be applied to the surgery of temporomandibular joint as well as the parotid gland tumor.