• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.987-997
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• 2012

The sales volume of men's cosmetics has drastically increased in Korea. In recent years, men's needs for cosmetics have been diversified and the consumer demand for functional cosmetics has greatly risen. In particular, male consumers have become more interested in essence product that is a light and concentrated treatment to correct skin problems. This research analyzes consumer preferences for essence-for-men through the use of choice-based conjoint analysis. This approach is adopted since the task of respondents to choose the most preferred option from several alternatives closely mimics actual marketplace purchasing behavior by consumers. New technique for the construction of choice sets is suggested based on the balanced incomplete block design, to accommodate a larger number of product profiles. The proposed design for choice sets is balanced and provides a tool to filter the contradictory choices. Conjoint analyses are performed to assess the relative importance of attributes and identify the most preferred profile of essence-for-men with respect to attributes such as emphasized function, price, type of content, and design of container. Some differences are indicated in the analysis results between age brackets as well as between groups classified by the amount of fashion item expenditures.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.201-210
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• 2021

COVID-19 presented the world with a severe loss of life and impact, which has no geographical bounds or expected time to when its effects will subside. It has affected countries across the globe, disrupting economic levels and businesses in every industry while also altering individuals' everyday lives. The current research aims to examine the impact of coronavirus pandemic on entrepreneur's business activities and their perceptions on the difference in consumer behavior during this time. The findings reveal the pandemic negatively impacted business productivity and profits, forcing many businesses to physically close permanently. Surprisingly, female entrepreneurs do not perceive a change in consumer behavior compared to pre-COVID-19 times. Interestingly, the results indicate there is a negative impact on employees' efficiency to conduct work in which almost no research has conveyed such a finding. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with 445 responses from male and female entrepreneurs in the capital city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, using a simple random sample over the period of four months. Ultimately, this research will help entrepreneurs gain more knowledge and a deeper understanding of this new environment necessary to undertaking certain measures and adaptability in order to sustain their businesses during unprecedented times.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.10-19
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this survey-based study was to identify the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities on corporate brand assets and consumer purchasing intentions, and to verify causal relationships between the variables. Research Question - The XCIP is the company's longest running program of its kind, taking a global approach to CSR. Xerox uses this initiative to fund employees in their local communities to make a difference in projects of their own choosing. Research Method-The survey period was conducted for about three months from May 3, 2018 to August 7, 2018, and a random sampling method was used. The total number of samples was 420, with 19 samples excluded from final analysis due to untruthful or erroneous responses. Result - In this study, the general characteristics of the survey participants were investigated as follows in analyzing the impact of CSR activities on brand assets and consumer purchasing intentions. First, male (51.6 percent) college graduates (42.4 percent) outnumbered female participants (40.2 percent), and participants in their 40s (30.7 percent) and 50s (23.8 percent) ranked highest, followed by general office workers (27.6 percent), business people, people in service positions, and people in sales positions.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.24-40
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• 2023

Contemporary consumers' acceptance of second-hand products has been increasingly improving worldwide, especially in China. Based on the Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, we developed and empirically validated a research framework to predict consumers' motivation to use re-commerce platforms. We explored the diverse factors influencing mobile commerce usage through re-commerce platforms. Furthermore, this study investigated the role of gender differences as a factor moderating the association between several constructs and the intention to use re-commerce platforms. A total of 226 consumer responses were collected. The results indicated that hedonic motivation, performance expectancy, consumer habits, social influence, and price value affect consumers' attitudes toward re-commerce platforms. The effects of the attitude toward re-commerce platforms on the intention to use these platforms were also statistically significant. When effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, and consumer habits in re-commerce platform usage increase, male consumers' attitude toward its usage, in particular, also increases. Meanwhile, when performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, and consumer habits in re-commerce platform usage increase, the attitude toward its usage increases among female consumers. Moreover, our results indicate that the two gender groups present different characteristics regarding re-commerce platform usage. Therefore, this study offers a theoretical basis for future analyses of second-hand trade.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.47-59
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• 2024

Purposes: The study aimed at examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the shift of online consumer purchasing behavior and whether the new behaviors would be maintained after the epidemic season. The study also aims to investigate how online customers change based on perceived risks. Research design and Methodology: The study investigated purchasing behavior of the same 377 online Vietnamese consumers during two periods: (1) during the period of social distancing and (2) one and half year after that, allowing data to be collected in real time, so that consumers do not have to recall their behavior. Results: Purchasing behavior appeared to be more influenced by gender, age and household size. Aged consumers are more concerned about risks than those in the younger group, who only worry about the risks during the pandemic. Consumers in households with two or more people are more concerned about the risks than those living alone. Female appeared to be more influential in both during and after pandemic than male. Conclusions: The findings contribute to clarify shift of online consumer purchasing behavior, which helps business to develop effective marketing strategies and enhance their presence in the e-commerce sector.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1661-1667
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Quality characteristics, and was conducted to develope consumer preference of the frozen ready prepared eels by cooking method between 100 Korean (male 48, female 52) and 105 Japanese (male 43, female 62) who visited Korea. The consumers' responses about frozen ready prepared eels were measured on 9 point likert scale. In the preference test of cooking method for ready prepared eel, the Japanese and Korean preferred gas grill products in conger eel. Charcoal grill for Anguilla japonica products was estimated the most preferred cooking method by Japanese. In comparison between Japanese and Korean, Korean preferred more gas grill products than charcoal grill in Anguillajaponica products. The results for this factor were very significantly different in relation to appearance and overall acceptance of sensory characteristics (p<0.0l). The steaming products was estimated to be more delicious by Japanese than Korean. The results for this steaming products were very significantly different in evaluation of appearance, taste and overall acceptability between Japanese and Korean (p<0.05 or p<0.0l). In the domestic consumer test, the overall acceptability of eel product with ginseng and pine mushroom were 6.84 and 5.56 respectively. In the Japanese consumer test, the overall acceptability of eel product with ginseng and pine mushroom were 5.62 and 6.49 respectively. Consequently, Korea consumer preferred gas grill method for both conger eel and Anguilla japonica products added by ginseng flavor in sauce. Japanese preferred gas grill method for conger eel, charcoal grill method for Anguilla jap on ica added by pine mushroom flavor in sauce. Therefore, it is needed to study for the development of conger eel's sauce and cooking method proper to preference of Korean and Japanese in foodservice operations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.284-292
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• 2021

The food service industry has grown larger with changes in the economic and socio-cultural environment. In this saturated food service industry, generation X and MZ are the main consumer forces that demand attention. That is because a generation is the main psychographic factor that reflects personal values and lifestyle based on one's life cycle. From such a perspective, a generation in marketing has been used as a variable to predict a market by supplementing demographic factors. Accordingly, this study classified generations into generation X and generation MZ with the use of the 2019 consumer behavior survey for food by Korea Rural Economic Institute (KREI) and then investigated the factors influencing group and personal dining-out expenses. The analysis was carried out applying the Tobit model using SPSS and R. The positively influential variables on generation X's personal dining-out expenditure were male, single person, high income and simple lifestyle, whereas housewives, personal ethical consciousness, behavioral ethical consciousness, and safe dietary life were negatively influential variables. The positively influential variables on generation MZ's personal dining-out expenditures were male, dual-income, high education level, corporate and governmental ethical consciousness, while the number of family members and safe dietary life were negatively influential variables.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.254-260
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• 2023

Recently, the cross-model strategy of using male models in advertisements for women's cosmetics has been increasingly utilized. Academics have begun to discuss and study cross-model advertisements, but most of the studies have focused on the effects of the presence of a cross model. We investigated the effects of a crossmodel's product demonstration as an advertising creative strategy on consumer's attitudes toward the ad. We examined the effects of a male model demonstrating the advertised products for women's cosmetics on female consumers' attitudes toward the ad. As a result, we found that when a male model demonstrated a product in a women's product advertisement, consumers' attitudes toward the ad were more positive the higher their product involvement. Therefore, product involvement was found to be a moderating variable in the effect of cross-model product demonstration on attitudes toward the ad. This study contributes to the line of research on the effect of cross-model and product demonstration advertising, providing practical implications for advertising practitioners.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.489-500
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to determine the preference and purchasing intention on necktie pattern designs according to male consumers' fashion lift style. Written questionnaires were handed out to 300 male consumers of the 20-40 years old in Seoul and surroundings, who were accessed by a convenience sampling method. The questionnaires were to classify male consumer groups according to the fashion life style, to examine characteristics, needs and wants of each group. The stimuli of 8 kinds of necktie patterns in black & white, and the semantic differential scale were applied to evaluate the preference and purchasing intention on necktie pattern design. A total of 265 samples were analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, crosstabs and $X^2$-test through SPSS package program. Six factors in their fashion life style were extracted as follows: those were 'fashion-oriented', 'traditional conservative', 'brand-flaunting', 'personality-oriented', 'practicality-oriented' and 'unconcerned' life style. With these life style sub-dimensions, male consumers were segmented into five groups: these groups were 'strong personal seekers', 'practical brand seekers', 'traditional personal seekers', 'active fashion seekers', 'unconcerned group'. Each of these groups of male consumers showed significant differences in the preference and purchasing Intension of necktie pattern designs according to their fashion life style.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.505-516
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• 2015

This study investigated difference of product interest and its relation to consumers' innate innovativeness according to gender as well as compared the perceptive construct of products between male and female consumers. A survey involving male and female college students was conducted in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas in December 2013. Subsequently, 400 responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations, independent sample t-test, reliability analysis, ANCOVA, and multidimensional scaling. Among 45 products, male respondents showed a significantly high degree of interest over 12 categories such as watches, desktop computers, cars, sports products, and video games compared to females. The female sample showed a significantly high degree of interest for 29 product categories such as clothing, movies, skin care shops, cosmetics, eating-out, teeth whitening, coffee, cameras, and performances compared to males. Innovative male consumers were interested in traveling, movies, clothing, eating-out, running shoes, and wallets; however, female consumers' innovativeness was significantly related to previously determined items of interest. Two dimensions explaining the male consumers' products perception construct were 'hard versus soft' and 'usual versus special'. Instead, female consumers' were 'special versus usual' and 'expressive versus functional'.