• 무역상무연구
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• 제75권
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• pp.179-198
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• 2017

Recently, agricultural exports of Korea have steadily increased. But, no progress is being made at the WTO and DDA negotiations, the FTAs have played a leading role in the formulation of the international trade rules, and countries have been cleverly utilizing non-tariff barriers such as SPS and TBT, there is a growing need to respond to non-tariff barriers aggressively. On the other hand, since the FTA has the potential to activate the global value chain, there is a high need for exporting companies in the domestic agricultural sector to understand the structure of the global value chain in agriculture and actively utilize the global value chain. The non-tariff measures of agricultural commodities major trading partners in the field of domestic agricultural exports were mostly comprised of SPS measures and TBT measures. The non-tariff measures corresponding to inputs and production stages of value chain elements (seeds, seedlings) in the value chain were mainly reported in SPS measures. TBT measures are mainly carried out in selective packaging, storage, processing, distribution, and export sales. It is most important for agricultural export companies to know their position on the value chain and information on non-tariff measures of importing countries in order to actively utilize the global value chain. Since there are non-tariff barriers that are difficult to be solved at the individual enterprise level, active government support of the government is not only important but also actively promoting relevant information to farmers and agricultural exporters. In addition, potential export farmers and prospective export companies will be able to identify TBT and SPS and other non-tariff barriers well in advance, and respond to them in advance. Also, through networking with export related organizations and overseas buyers, It is very important that policy support from the perspective of global value chain is linked effectively.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.391-409
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• 1999

From the students' point of view, this study was carried out to find out barriers to environmental conservation practice of secondary school students. According to the questionare and interview with secondary school students on barriers to environmental conservation practice at home, school, society and fellow-relation conditions and in personal psychology, the following findings were resulted. The major barriers to environmental conservation practice are (1) not doing environmental conservation practice of parents, friends and neighborhood, (2) having no interest in environment and environmental problems, (3) dirty and laboriousness of environmental conservation practice, (4) lack of environmental equipments, (5) the shortage of chance and time for environmental conversation practice, (6) lack of the inducement for environmental conservaton from school, (7) little effects of individual environmental practice, (8) a busy life, (9) shortage of the voluntary courage to practice for environmental conservation, (10) lack of compensation on the environmental conservation practice, (11) anti-environmental behavior among friends, (12) urging on edcation of parents. Those barriers related with home, school, society and fellow-relation anti-environmental conditions hold back environmental conservation practice of secondary school students. Those barriers are divided into three closely correlated tipes, (1) unpleasant traits of environmental conservation practice such as cleaning, recycling were linked with personal psychology, (2) lack of the social interest and practice for environmental conservation were linked with personal psychology, (3) the social atmosphere to urge on education was linked with students' busy life and the shortage of chance and time for environmental conversation practice. According to the results, attractive environmental education programs, home environmental education, cooperative environmental conservation programs, and inducements for environmental conservation are reguired of secondary school students to promote environmental conservation practice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1837-1846
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• 2016

Background: Colon cancer screening (CRCS) uptake is markedly affected by public awareness of the disease. This study was conducted to assess levels of knowledge of CRC, to explore the pattern of CRCS uptake and identify possible barriers to screening among Saudis older than 50 years of age and primary care providers (PCPs) in Al Hassa region, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in randomly selected primary health care (PHC) centers, 884 Saudis and 39 PCPs being enrolled for data collection. Structured interviews were conducted to obtain information regarding socio-demographic characteristics, personal information relevant to CRC, awareness about early signs/symptoms and risk factors, and barriers to CRCS. Also, a self- administered data collection form was used to assess barriers to CRCS from the physicians' perspectives. Results: More than 66% of participants were lacking knowledge about CRC. Participants with higher educational levels, having ever heard about CRC, and having relatives with CRC had a significantly higher awareness of the disease. The rate of reported CRCS was low (8.6%). After conducting a logistic regression analysis, it was observed that female gender (OR=0.28; 95% CI=0.14-0.57; P=0.001), being unmarried (OR=0.11; 95% CI=0.10-0.23; P=0.001), lower levels of education (OR=0.36; 95% CI=0.16-0.82; P=0.015), and having no relatives with CRC (OR=0.30; 95% CI=0.17-0.56; P=0.001) were significantly associated with a lower CRCS uptake. There was a significant difference between most of the perceived barriers to CRCS and gender. Exploratory factor analysis showed that personal fear (especially fear of the screening results and shyness) was the major factor that hindered CRCS with high loading Eigen value of 2.951, explaining 34.8% of the barriers of the included sample toward utilization of CRCS, followed by lack of awareness of both person and providers (high Eigen value of 2.132, and explaining 23.7% of the barriers). The most frequently cited barriers to CRCS from the physicians' perspectives were lack of public awareness, lack of symptoms and signs, and fear of painful procedures. Conclusions: Poor levels of knowledge about CRC were found among older Saudis attending PHC centers in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. It is crucial to implement an organized national screening program in Saudi Arabia to increase public awareness.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7693-7699
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• 2013

Aims: A main reason for increasing incidence of cervical cancer worldwide is the lack of regular cervical cancer screening. Coverage and uptake remain major challenges and it is crucial to determine the perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer, as well as the benefits of, and barriers to, cervical cancer screening among women. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 369 women attending an outpatient centre in Malaysia and data were collected by administering a self-report questionnaire. Results: The majority of the participants (265, 71.8%) showed good level of perception of their susceptibility to cervical cancer. Almost all responded positively to four statements about the perceived benefits of cervical cancer screening (agree, 23.1% or strongly agree, 52.5%), whereas negative responses were received from most of the participants (agree, 29.9%or strongly agree, 14.6 %) about the eleven statements on perceived barriers. Significant associations were observed between age and perceived susceptibility($x^2$=9.030, p=0.029); between employment status (p<0.001) as well as ethnicity and perceived benefits (p<0.05 [P=0.003]); and between education and perceived barriers to cervical cancer screening (p<0.001). Conclusions: Perceived susceptibility, including knowledge levels and personal risk assessment, should be emphasized through education and awareness campaigns to improve uptake of cervical cancer screening in Malaysia.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.137-164
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• 2018

심지층처분장 공학적방벽의 성능 보장은 장기처분안전성 측면에서 뿐만 아니라 심지층처분장의 효율적인 설계를 위해서도 매우 중요하다. 따라서 지하실험시설에서 수행되는 현장실험들을 통해 심지층처분장 조건 하에서의 공학적방벽 성능을 입증할 필요가 있다. 이 논문에서는 심지층처분장 공학적방벽의 성능을 실증하기 위해, 지난 수십 년 동안 전 세계에서 수행되어온 주요 현장실험의 현황과 그 결과에 대해 검토하였다. 먼저 심지층처분장의 폐쇄 후 성능을 모사하는 공학적방벽시스템의 열-수리-역학적 복합거동을 규명하기 위한 현장실험들이 분석되었다. 아울러 실제 심지층처분장의 환경에서 완충재의 성능을 조사하기 위한 현장실험들이 검토되었다. 완충재-콘크리트 상호반응, 완충재, 뒷채움재 및 플러그의 설치, 그리고 근계암반 특성과 처분용기 재질의 부식 현상을 규명하기 위한 현장실험들의 기술현황도 분석되었다.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2004

본 연구는 장애척도를 이용한 서울 소재 대학도서관 사서가 인식하는 연구활용장애에 관한 실증적 연구이다. 본 연구결과, 장애척도의 평균은 조직체요인이 가장 높았고, 의사소통요인, 연구요인, 사서요인 순이었다. 전반적으로 대학사서들은 새로운 아이디어 수행시간의 부족, 시설의 부적합 업무절차 변경의 권위부족과 관계된 조직체 요인, 그리고 실무수행 언급의 불명확함, 실무 관련성 결여와 연구문헌 읽기의 용이성 부족과 관계된 의사소통의 요인에서 장애를 크게 인식하고 있었다. 또한 영어논문과 통계분석 이해의 어려움도 주요 장애 요인으로 언급되었다. 간호직 연구와의 비교결과 두 실무직은 새로운 아이디어 수행 시간의 부족 등을 공통적인 장애로 인식하고 있었다. 이러한 장애를 해결하기 위해서는 문헌정보학 교육 영역에서는 '연구활용능력'의 강화 필요성. 연구영역에서는 연구자와 실무자간의 의사소통격차의 해소 노력, 실무영역에서는 연구활용을 촉진하는 다양한 보상제도의 활성화 방안이 제시되어야 한다. 본 연구의 후속 연구에서는 사서가 실무에서 직면하는 연구활용의 구체적인 경험들을 질적 접근으로 탐구할 필요가 있다. 또한 양적 연구와 질적 연구결과를 상호보완적으로 통합하여 사서직의 연구활용 장애를 사정할 수 있는 표준도구를 개발하고, 적용할 필요가 있다.

• 한국노년학
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.679-698
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• 2019

본 연구는 노인의 평생교육 참여동기가 진로장벽에 미치는 영향을 파악하고, 이 영향에 대한 소득의 조절효과를 실증적으로 분석하는 것을 목적으로 수행되었다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 본 연구에서 확인한 구체적인 연구문제는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 노인의 평생교육 참여동기가 진로장벽에 미치는 효과는 어떠한가? 둘째, 노인의 소득이 진로장벽에 미치는 영향은 어떠한가? 셋째, 노인의 평생교육 참여동기와 진로장벽의 관계에서 소득의 조절효과는 어떠한가? 이를 위해 D시에서 평생교육프로그램에 참여하고 있는 65세 이상의 노인 187명을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 연구의 결과를 위해 주요변수의 상관관계를 확인하였으며, 조절효과를 분석하기 위해 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 자료를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 노인의 평생교육 참여동기는 진로장벽에 부적인 영향이 있음을 확인했다. 평생교육에 참여하거나 참여한 노인은 능력을 발전시키고, 인정받음으로써 진로장벽이 감소됨을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 노인의 소득은 진로장벽에 유의한 부적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 소득이 많을수록 진로장벽의 부적 관계가 강화됨을 확인했다. 셋째, 노인의 평생교육 참여동기와 진로장벽의 관계에서 소득은 조절효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 토대로 논의와 시사점을 제시하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.671-676
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• 2012

Objectives: Screening for second primary cancer (SPC) is one of the key components of cancer survivorship care. The aim of the present study was to explore oncologists' experience with promoting second primary cancer screening. Methods: Two focus group interviews were conducted with 12 oncologists of diverse backgrounds. Recurrent issues were identified and placed into thematic categories. Results: Most of the oncologists did not consider SPC screening promotion as their responsibility and did not cover it in routine care. All of the study participants had experience with unexpected SPC cases, and they were under emotional tress. There was no systematic manner of providing SPC screening. Oncologists usually prescribe SPC screening in response to patients' requests, and there was no active promotion of SPC screening. Short consultation time, limited knowledge about cancer screening, no established guideline for SPC screening, and disagreement with patients about oncologists' roles were major barriers to its promotion. An institution-based shared care model was suggested as a potential solution for promoting SPC screening given current oncology practices in Korea. Conclusion: Oncologists could not effectively deal with the occurrence of SPC, and they were not actively promoting SPC screening. Lack of knowledge, limited health care resources, and no established guidelines were major barriers for promoting SPC screening to cancer survivors. More active involvement of oncologists and a systematic approach such as shared-care models would be necessary for promoting SPC screening considering increasing number of cancer survivors who are vulnerable.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.520-530
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the foodservice management practices, the equipment ratio of sanitary facility/equipment, and dietitians' perceptions of (i) the barriers to sanitary management and (ii) the sanitary management performance level in the welfare institutions for the disabled in Korea. The survey was conducted during the period from September 7 to October 15, 2006. A total of 91 institutions(response rate 74.6%) were analyzed by using SPSS(windows ver. 14.0). The average number of meals served per day per an institution was 379. The majority(93.4%) of dietitians made decisions in procurement. The major part of the purchase was made through private contract. The factors affecting menu planning were nutrition, food preference, and cost, in the order of importance. Among the food items, fruits were infrequently served, while protein source foods and green leaf vegetables were almost daily served. The equipment ratio of sanitary facilities/equipment was 45%, which was relatively low. Most dietitians perceived 'limited availability of facilities and equipment' and 'the lack of support from financing department' as the major barriers in implementing a desirable sanitary system. Sanitary management performance in 'the food ingredient' was perceived as the lowest, while that in 'the uniform' showed the highest. The results of this study suggest that a proper supporting program on securing the facility/equipment and adequately trained employees are needed for successful sanitary management. Also, a more frequent supply of fruits for the disabled is recommended.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.471-485
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• 2018

The Republic of Korea (ROK) has made many efforts to reduce greenhouse gases through a legal framework, making obligations to reach domestic and overseas targets via the Paris Convention in 2015. China recently launched a nation-wide emission trading system (ETS) and has considered extending this ETS to include the ROK. This study examines the possibility of linking the ETS between ROK and China by considering the institutional design elements of the ETS. Additionally, this study provides policy implications to reach Korea's overseas reduction target. For the research methodology, the design elements of both the ROK and China policies were analyzed by categorizing their standard design elements based on the International Carbon Action Partnership. This paper focuses on four main barriers (cap type, borrowing, offset and price ceiling) based on their environmental benefits and analyzes the challenges to combining the design elements between the ROK and China systems. The two ETS commonly share the same cap types, and there is similar institutional progress regarding the offset and price ceiling. In addition to this, note that China has a borrowing system that is opposite to the borrowing system in ROK. According to these findings, there are major challenges to linking the ROK and China systems due to differences in the major design elements. Thus, it is necessary to modify the Korean domestic borrowing system and understand the Chinese institutional processes related to environmental negotiation to achieve further cooperation.