• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.461-468
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• 2023

Supplying an appropriate amount of feed is an economical and environmentally friendly by increasing the nutrient digestibility of livestock and reducing nutrients released from overfeeding. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the nutrient digestibility according to dietary feeding levels of Hanwoo steers. Three treatments in feeding trial were used feeding amount based on the maintenance energy level of the Korean feeding standard for Hanwoo (2022): 100% (control, CON), 140% (treatment 1, TRT1), and 190% (treatment 2, TRT2). The experiment was designed in replicate 3×3 balanced Latin square designs using six Hanwoo steers. In this study, energy value was predicted according to treatment groups. In addition, nutrient digestibility and energy value were measured through a feeding trial to Hanwoo steers. All energy values, including total digestible nutrients and digestible energy, were predicted to decrease linearly with increasing feeding levels. TRT2 showed lower digestibility than CON for dry matter, crude protein, non-fiber carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients in the feeding trial (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between CON and TRT1. Total digestible nutrients (TDN) and digestibility of feed are set based on the maintenance energy. However nutrient digestibility and TDN decreased when feeding level increased by more than 190% compared to maintenance energy in this study. Therefore, it is necessary to correct the TDN by considering the feeding level when mixing the feed.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.1327-1335
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• 2011

Recently, also in railway vehicles, related products are being designed and manufactured through RAMS activities in order to secure their reliability, availability, maintainability & safety. Subway operators are conducting R&D on various preventive maintenance methods and applying them to the field so as to establish a reliability centered maintenance(RCM) system. In this connection, manufacturers shall carry out R&D based on reliability from the first design stage of development to provide high quality products to subway operators. And operators shall have the products operated properly to their particular operating environment and managed based on the standard maintenance manual. Not only that, but the related field data shall be fed back into the manufacturers to upgrade upcoming products by organic cooperation between manufacturer and operators. However, the mutually beneficial cooperative relationship is not still developed in the domestic railway industry. In terms of methodology for life prediction, this study was intended to analyze field data on relays used for rolling stocks considering operational characteristics in the position of subway operators and predict parts reliability using reliability prediction program from the standpoint of manufacturers as well.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 2010

One of the important trends for condition monitoring in the 21st century is the development of smart sensors that will permit the cost-effective continuous monitoring of key machine equipments. In this study, an integrated in-line oil monitoring sensor assigned for continuous in situ monitoring multiple parameters of oil performance is presented. The sensor estimates oil deterioration based on the information about chemical degradation, total contamination, water content of oil and oil temperature. The oil oxidation is estimated by "chromatic ratio", total contamination is measured by the changes in optical density of oil in three optical wave-bands ('Red', 'Green' and 'Blue') and water content is evaluated as relative saturation of oil by water. In order to evaluate the sensor's effectiveness, the sensor was applied to several used oil samples in steel making industry and the results were compared with those measured by standard test methods.

• Architectural research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2014

This research is to restructure the public assessment of housing management in a standardized fashion, and a self-administered questionnaire survey was employed for data collection and analysis. In doing so, all the assessment tools nationwide were identified and assembled to extract the items included in the survey form. The survey form was mailed out to local officers in charge of housing management and professional housing managers in the nation, and the responses were statistically analyzed in order to structure the standard assessment tool of housing management. This research classified 3 main areas (General Maintenance, Operation and Community Living) in evaluating the housing management performance, and identified 35 essential items and 52 optional items. The 35 essential items were drawn from the 16 categories of the 3 areas (11 items of 5 categories for General Maintenance, 7 items of 4 categories for Operation, and 17 items of 7 categories for Community Living), and the rest 52 optional items were from the 16 categories of the 3 areas (24 items of 7 categories for General Maintenance, 26 items of 7 categories for Operation, and 2 items of 2 categories for Community Living). While all the items in the research are quantifiable, it's suggested that qualitative measurements be complementarily utilized in the assessment not only to explore the best practices of housing management but also to refine and modify the standardized tool in response to various environmental changes. As the public assessment of housing management is context-sensitive and critically related to local housing profile, the continuous implementation of the assessment will facilitate shifting the housing paradigm from production and consumption to management and reproduction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.55-65
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• 2020

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of breathing exercises via joint mobilization on the lung function and spinal alignment of 30 straight-necked women in their 20 s and 30 s. METHODS: The participants were divided into two groups: an experimental group who performed breathing exercises via joint mobilization, and a control group who performed general stretching exercises. The differences between the two groups were measured and compared at three points in time: during the pre-examination, after four weeks of intervention, and after a four-week maintenance period. The changes in each group were measured before and after the intervention and after a one-month maintenance period and compared. For data analysis, the SPSS 22 was used to obtain the mean and standard deviation with a significance level of α = .05. RESULTS: Eight weeks of breathing exercises via joint mobilization and general stretching exercises positively impacted the lung function and spinal alignment in straight-necked patients. In particular, the experimental group showed more significant differences in spinal alignment after four weeks period of intervention and four weeks of maintenance. CONCLUSION: Breathing exercises via joint mobilization can be considered an effective intervention that can improve the respiratory volume and spinal alignment for patients with straight necks.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.132-141
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• 2007

According to the public information of the Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development, the construction project of educational facilities from 2005 to 2007 will use BTL (Build-Transfer-Lease) contract. Budget of those projects will be the worth over 13 trillion won. In this research, the estimation standards for the public health maintenance expenses are established which is the part of the operation and maintenance cost in the total BTL project cost. Also, a system core module using the developed standard was introduced in this paper. A comparative analyses were conducted with the several possible estimation case to validate the system developed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2020

This study analyzes the results of applying the ISO19030 (hull and propeller performance monitoring method) standard to an actual 178 k bulk vessel. Recently, there have been many attempts to apply various energy reduction solutions to vessels to continuously strengthen GHG reduction regulations and secure maritime competitiveness. However, it is not easy to quantitatively analyze the performance of a ship. To resolve these problems, shipping companies, marine paint companies, ship owners, and transportation associations have appointed specialists and standardized the ISO19030 (standard of hull and propeller performance monitoring method) guidelines in 2016 after three years of continuous review. The ISO19030 standard provides methods to monitor hull and propeller performance quantitatively through standardized procedures, thus allowing ship managers to arrive at informed decisions for hull and propeller maintenance, and to evaluate energy-saving solutions and ship-maintenance efficiency. The ISO19030 standard provides a method of analyzing the ship's own performance by collecting the ship's operation and agency data and correcting its environmental and operating factors. In this paper, we apply the ISO19030 standard to three actual ships and propose the ISO19030 application result and the improvement point of the current ISO19030 standard.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.44-51
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• 2018

As the LNG storage tank is aged, if there is a crack in the outer wall concrete or corrosion of the reinforcing steel, there is a risk of a major accident such as collapse of the structure depending on the type and degree of damage. Since 2014, LNG storage tanks have undergone precise safety diagnosis and safety inspection has been carried out. The condition evaluation criteria for each component have been revised and applied in January 2016. The condition evaluation standard is to evaluate the status of storage tanks based on the appearance survey and material test results of LNG storage tanks and it is important for maintenance. In addition, the representative condition evaluation standard that shows the comprehensive state of each LNG storage tank is important in maintenance, but the related standard for LNG storage tank outer concrete is not available in Korea and abroad, and development of the condition evaluation standard is necessary. In this paper, we examined the structural characteristics of LNG storage tanks, analyzed the status of the condition evaluation criteria for each member, and developed a comprehensive status rating system by weighting the members. We used the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) technique and developed a representative conditon evaluation criteria through surveys of professional organizations.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.185-194
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• 2023

There are more than 22,300 small streams distributed nationwide in Korea, and they have various runoff characteristics depending on basin area, topography and land use. For small stream disaster management, establishing detailed design standards suitable for the small streams is important, but most of the formulas currently proposed in the small stream design standard are based on the river design standard aimed at national and local rivers or foreign river design standards. The design-width is an important factor in determining the size of the stream. It is determined by using design-flood discharges or more variables such as design-flood discharges, basin area, slop, etc in the small stream design standard. This study collected various characteristics information such as the design-flood discharges, basin area, river length and river slop, and design-width values from 4,073 small streams distributed in 12 cities and provinces in Korea to suggest the appropriated design-width formula. This study developed two design-width formulas by using the regression analysis which one is using the design-flood discharges and the other is using various variables such as the design-flood discharges, basin area, river length and river slope collected from the small steams. It is expected that both equations developed in here can be used for small stream disaster management, such as improving small stream design standard or establishing a comprehensive small stream maintenance plan.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.329-335
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• 2004

Until now, The our concept about a national geospatial data infrastructure have been concentrated on a field of producer. This concept is the trend which the focus have been inverted currently with the use to process data in an user viewpoint and to the compatibility of the database. But the standard of our national framework data is defective yet. Also, The law and policy are not clear and the concept recognition of users lacks. This paper is showed improvement plan of development and maintenance of the national framework data, and researched the relationship between the national framework data.