• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.111-121
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• 2005

This study was to performed to assess social factors and physical health status. The subjects of the study were 103 elderly people of age over 85 years living in Ganghwa-gun area. The method of this research was based on the interview-survey with questionnaire. Chi-square test was the main data analysis method. The subject group was composed of 36 males and 67 females, the average age being 91.0 $\pm$ 3.2 years old for the males and 91.1 $\pm$ 3.4 years old for the females. The aged average height and weight were 161.0 $\pm$ 7.9 cm and 54.6 $\pm$ 7.8 kg in males, 141.0 $\pm$ 8.2 cm and 42.2 $\pm$ 7.9 kg in females which were lower than the Korean average standard but the mean BMIs of both male and female showed normal range. Their level of education was lower and they tended to be religious. The aged population might be economically poor. Their level of living standards tended to have been lower-middle and lower class. The mean age of their parents' death were 64.3 $\pm$ 17.2 years in males, 59.0 $\pm$ 14.9 years in females for the father and 70.9 $\pm$ 15.5 years in males, 66.8 $\pm$ 16.6 years in females for the mother. The rate of living together with their family or spouse in the female aged was $83.2\%$ higher than in the male aged. They tended to have engaged in hobbies that require less movement. Of the kinds of hobby, 'TV watching ($47.8\%$ in male and $44.9\%$ in female) was the highest. Ratios of the drinking and the smoking elderly were $30.6\%$, $25.0\%$ in male and $7.5\%$, $18.8\%$ in female but they tended to have never drunken and smoked. Of the subjects, $42.9\%$ spend 8$\~$9 hours for sleeping in male and $35.8\%$ spend 10 hours for sleeping in female. They tended to have not done any particular health behavior. The most common diseases were digestive disease in male, arthritis and hypertension in female. Most elderly males ($47.3\%$) and females ($61.2\%$) had 1$\~$2 diseases.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.187-201
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the health status and health promoting behavior of older adults in rural area. The design of research was descriptive study. 883 older adults over sixty years living in the rural area of Pusan city were surveyed from July 9. 1999 to July 20. 1999 through direct interview using a questionnaire and physical examination. The collected data were analyzed for percentage. mean. Chi square-test. ANOVA using the SPSS computerized program. The main results were as follows: 1. 43.4% of subjects lived alone or with only partner. 2. 37.13% of subjects had perceived own health condition as bad. 3. Major 'chronic diseases that the subjects were suffered were diabetes(25.94%) and hypertension(9.11%). 4. The mean score of perceived depression was 17.71 of 44. 5. 87.98% of subjects replied that they had good relationship with their family and friends. 6. 8.57% of subjects were identified as over weight. while 10.85% were low weight. 7. 29.93% of subjects replied that they were smoking. By the group. the rate of smoking of man was significantly higher than women. and lower age group than higher age group, and higher education group than lower education group. 8. 70.38% of subjects didn't practice exercise. By the group, the rate of exercise of woman was significantly lower than man, and higher age group than lower age group, and lower education group than higher education group. 9. 12.33% of subjects replied for the frequency of drinking as more three -times a week. By the groups. man showed significantly more frequency than woman. the lower age group than higher age group, the lower education group than the higher education group. 11. The mean score of nutrition state was 3.73 which means moderate risk state. 12. The 57.53% of subjects replied, their sleeping time as below 7 hours. 13. The 15.75% of subjects had experience a periodical inspection. In conclusion, older adults in rural area were identified having various health risk factor, Looking at the results. It is necessary to develope health promotion program which enhances older adults to practice health promoting behavior and to manage their chronic disease.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.83-93
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• 2005

This study was conducted to provide information about the behavioral intentions to diet in adolescent females. To explain the behavior intention to diet, a conceptual framework based on the ' Social Support, Control and the Stress Process Model ' and the ' Theory of Reasoned Actio ' was used. The survey was carried out by self-questionnaires with 463 female high school and college students in Daegu. Analysis of data was done by using mean, correlation and multiple regression analysis with the SAS computer program. Subjects were divided into 3 groups-underweight, normal weight, and overweight-according to their current body size. The most powerful influencing factor related to perceived stress -that is dissatisfaction with body image- was the current figure, regardless of current body size. The fatter the current body size, the higher the score for the behavioral intention to diet. In attitude toward the behavior of dieting, the fatter the current figure, the higher the attitude score, and the belief of behavioral outcome was the main decision variable. For the score of the subjective norm, the overweight group was significantly higher than other groups. The influencing factors for the behavioral intention to diet were perceived stress and attitude toward dieting behavior, especially beliefs of behavioral outcome.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.495-506
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the nutrient intake, dietary and weight control behaviors and iron deficiency of adolescent girls. The subjects were 216 female middle school students living in urban and rural areas of Inchon. Thin cross- sectional study was conducted by questionnaires and data were analyze by SAS program. Nutrient intakes collected from 3 day-recalls were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program(CAN-pro). The mean height, weight. BMI and obesity index for the subjects were 158.2 cm, 51.1kg, 20.4 and -5.3 % in urban students and 155.9 cm, 49.3 kg 21.1 and -8.2% in rural students, respectively. Easting blood samples were obtained and analyzed for iron nutritional status. The mean obesity index of the urban students was higher than that of the rural students. The proportion of the overweight group was higher in urban students compared to rural students, However, over 10% of both area students belonged to the low weight group, respectively. Most students of both areas skipped breakfast and the main reason was on appetite and lack of time. Urban students were more concerned with body image. The nutrients which showed a lower mean intake as percentile of RDA were Ca, iron, vit A an Vit B$_2$ and most nutrient intakes of urban students were significantly higher compared to those of rural students. These results indicate that nutrient intakes in the female middle school students were considerably lower than the RDA. Also they had undesirable food habits and lower self-satisfaction with their body image, There were significant differences in the mean MCV, TIBC and serum ferritin between urban and rural area subjects. Mean Hb, Hct, MCH, MCHC and TS, bowaver, were not significantly different. Prevalence of iron deficiency greatly varied by indices from urban(11.5%) and rural (8.7%) when judged by Hb to urban(23.1) and rural (23.3%) by serum ferrition. Therefore, proper nutrition education is required for good nutrition desirable food habits, weight control, and guidance for iron deficiency in anemic female of adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.155-167
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• 1991

There have been many cooperative meetings from the past in our country. "Kye" is the most popular and current exisiting meeting of them in our society. Therefore, study of "Kye" at this point will be useful for life, attitude, value in urban area. The concret purposes of this study are to investigate: (1) Participationg rate of the city housewives' "Key" meeting. (2) Purpose of the city housewives' "Kye" meeting. (3) The order of the most influential variable among the socio-economic variables, the family life cycle variables, and the residence variables on the city housewives' "Kye" meeting. For the purpose of this main study, 600 questionnaires were distributed to housewives living in Seoul and collected during the six months, from November, 1989 to April, 1990. And method of data analysis for this survey was Multiple Regression. The major results are as follows: (1) Participating rate of city housewives' "Kye" meeting is 52.2%. (2) Purpose of city housewives' "Kye" meeting is in the order of "for saving", "for friendly gatherings", "for commodity purchase". The order of the most influential factor (3) among the socio-economic variables is the age of respondents (β:.187), the average income of all house members(β:.177), and the schooling years (β:-.147), (4) among the family life cycle variables is the family life cycle(β:.261), number of children(β:-.212), (5) among the residence variables is the duration of current residence(β:.221), kind of house(β:.118). Comparing the past studies, the purpose of "Key" meetings has changed from the family centered events method such as worship or marriage of family members to out of the family and friends centered events such as social gatherings among the people in urban community.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.242-249
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• 2004

The main aim of this study was to investigate stress related activities of Sun-ginseng extract as a candidate for anti-stress-related functional supplement by comparing its effect to those of red ginseng, which is also known to alleviate stress. Normal group was not exposed to stress while the control group was exposed to stress. Rats were orally administered once a day with 200 mg red ginseng (RG) extract, 100 or 200 mg Sun-ginseng (SG) extract/kg body weight. Mice were given water containing 400 mg red ginseng extract, 200 or 400 mg SG/100 mL potable water. Rats were given supplements for 5 days without stress, and 5 days with restraint and electroshock stress. After final stress, stress-related behavioral changes of experimental animals were recorded and levels of blood corticosterone were measured. Mice were given supplements for 5 days through drinking water, and then fatigue related motor activity were recorded. SG-supplementation partially blocked stress effect on locomotion and elevated plus maze test in rats, and also partially blocked stress-induced behavioral changes such as freezing, burrowing, smelling, facewashing, grooming and rearing behavior in rats. SG-supplementation decreased blood corticosterone level which is increased by stress in rats. Effects of SG may not be modulated by GABAnergic nervous system. SG-supplementation prolonged swimming time and staying time on the wire and rotarod wheel in mice. These results suggest that SG partially protects living organisms from stress attack in some cases and thus has the potential to be used as a functional food to alleviate stress response.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.72-82
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• 2017

Current world population is rapidly ageing and the disabled population is expected to age seriously as well. The concern about the elderly and the disabled is increased largely not just the field of social welfare and service but the housing planning where the physical environment of everyday life is. Recently in Ireland, 'Universal Design Guideline for Homes' is established and proposed in public. It is considered as initial and special national policy for the socially venerable. The purpose of this research is to analyze the User Benefit Characteristics(UBC) of 'Universal Design Guideline for Homes in Ireland' and clearly organize the characteristics for comprehensive communication. The research subjects are 444 guidelines of 'Universal Design Guideline for Homes in Ireland.' The research is conducted by contents analysis technique, and each guideline is analyzed by the 4 main concepts of UBC- 'Behavioral Facilitation(BF)', 'Physiological Maintenance(PhM)', 'Perceptual Maintenance(PM)', 'Social Facilitation(SF).' As results, the User Benefit Characteristic of 'Universal Design Guideline for Homes in Ireland' is ordered by PhM>PM>BF>SF. The design guidelines are supposed to support ageing in place and sustainable living in the existing houses even though people are ageing or being disabled. 'Universal Design Guideline for Homes in Ireland' supports safe behavior and comfort cognition especially in indoor and surrounding outdoor environment. This research is significant for sharing the knowledge and comprehension of decreasing environmental stress of the elderly in specific, and could be utilized for developing new elderly housing in future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.394-401
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of health lifestyle on high protein snack selection attributes and purchase behaviors among individuals aged 20-30 with high protein snack intake. In addition, the relationship between perception, attitude, satisfaction and recommendation of high protein snacks was invested. Finally, this study aims to provide basic information for marketing high-protein snacks and customized high protein snacks. Analysis of the selection attributes most important for healthy lifestyle, revealed significant differences among all groups excluding the external seeking group (p<0.001). The free living group regarded trust as one of the most important attributes of high protein snack selection, and both the tempered control group and the low-interest group found sensation and price factor to be important. Therefore, when developing high-protein snacks, it is important to determine which attributes of the snack will be highlighted by segmenting the consumer into health lifestyles. Focusing on what ingredients are used to develop high-protein snacks and nutritional ingredients is also important when targeting a free lifestyle group as the main customer. In addition, developing snacks that do not offer depending on the protein content is important when targeting a temperate management group or a low-interest group.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.25-32
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• 2019

Purpose - This study aims to explore women's beauty industry market and growth development by identifying the main factors of women's perception of skin health care. Research design, data, and methodology - The survey was conducted on women aged 20 to 60 living in Seoul. For the statistical analysis, frequency analysis, t-test and one-way ANOVA were conducted, and significant differences in p<0.05 were tested through the multiple range test of the Scheffe. The factor analysis was conducted to verify the validity of questions, and the reliability was determined by the coefficient of Cronbach's α. Results - The lower the age, the higher the perception of the skin, and women pay a higher price for skin health as a provisional customer. 'Acne care' was the most common skin condition (32.8%), 'life style' (79.8%) was the most important part of skin care. Final education was the highest level of skin care for women with a professional background (M=3.41) (F=4.028, p<.05). Conclusions - The differences in the recognition of health knowledge by age, marital status, and household monthly income were significant, but there was no difference between jobs and final education. Customers who use less skin care than customers who frequently use the skin care center were more aware of skin health, and women who have a high awareness of skin are more interested in aging and regenerating due to the skin care.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 2010

PAJU Book City Plan was designed to integrate two concepts of "Publishing Productive City" and "Ecological City" with the goal of "bringing of human being and nature together". This research on the post occupancy evaluation on PAJU Book City has two aims; One is to define how people, mainly working there rather than living, recognize the city and the other is to identify the problems resulted from the first phase of planning process and to suggest feasible solutions at the same time. It would be desirable that the outcome of this research should be used as data sources to improve the second phase of the plan. The evaluation criteria were created by the pre-survey on the basis of previous researches and "Pa Ju publishing city architectural design guide book (1999)". With those criteria, on-site questionnaire was conducted among people who work in PAJU Book City and stratified sampling was used for the proper sampling. The result is as follows; the visual-aesthetic criteria had positive response, which also closely related to a city satisfaction. Considering this result, construction type, circumferential environment of the building and a place of building form were found appropriate. The evaluation on the physical-ecological criteria was relatively low. Respondents were unsatisfied with green space and required better ecological waterway and more roadside tree. As green space was given a lot of weight in satisfaction survey, more green urban areas should be planned in the next phase. The evaluation on the social-behavior criteria got the lowest score. Particularly, the accessibility and convenient facilities were remarkably low. Nonetheless, the self-conceit about PAJU Book City was highly evaluated and played a crucial role in a city satisfaction. In order to achieve the goal, physical beauty, characteristics as a publication city as well as an ecologically sustainable city should be main agenda in the second phase of Paju Book City Plan. Consequently, it is important to strike a balance between the external environment and image media in order that PAJU Book City should be re-born as a culture city.