• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2019

This paper presents the results of a three-dimensional numerical investigation into the mechanical mechanism of main tunnels and cross passage construction. Aimed at the complex space structure composed of two main tunnels and cross passage, 3D numerical model of the structure and surrounding rock was built to analyze the influence. Comparative analysis of different buried depths were carried out. The results of the study indicate that the stress concentration was occurred in the intersecting linings, especially in the opening side lining, which leads to an unfavorable form of force that is pulled up by the upper and lower sections in the intersecting linings due to the construction of the cross passage. The excavation of the cross passage also destroys the stability of the original soil layer and causes settlement of the surface and main tunnels. Practical implications of the findings are discussed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2008

Tunnels are generally constructed below the ground water table, which produces a long-term interaction between the tunnel lining and the surrounding geo-materials. Thus, in conjunction with tunnel design, the presence of water may require a number of considerations such as: leakage and water load. It has been reported that deterioration of a drainage system of tunnels is one of the main factors governing the long-term hydraulic and structural lining-ground interaction. Therefore, the design procedure of an underwater tunnel should address any detrimental effects associated with this interaction. In this paper an attempt to identify the coupled structural and hydraulic interaction between the lining and the ground was made using a numerical method. A main concern was given to local hindrance of flow into tunnels. Six cases of local deterioration of a drainage system were considered to investigate the effects of deterioration on tunnels. It is revealed that hindrance of flow increased pore-water pressure on the deteriorated areas, and caused detrimental effects on the lining structures. The analysis results were compared with those from fully permeable and impermeable linings.

• 융복합기술연구소 논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.25-28
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• 2021

Recently, the fire safety of road tunnels has been important issues in South Korea. However, proper fire safety regulations has not made for road tunnels. Due to geographical challenges in South Korea, road tunnels should be constructed to secure stable traffic flows. In the Guidelines for Installing and Managing Disaster Prevention Facilities of Road Tunnels (NFSC 603), main target vehicles are passenger cars. This guidelines cannot support big fires from larger vehicles such as cargo, oil trucks. In this study, fire safety for a road tunnel in port area was analyzed with fire dynamics theory under cargo truck fire scenario. Sujunsan road tunnel in Busan city was chosen as a target tunnel, which links between Busan port and highways to increase cargo shipping. The results show the limitations of present guidelines (NFSC 603) for road tunnel from large fire situations.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2003

최근 도심지역에서는 지하철과 같은 주요교통 수단으로 터널의 이용이 날로 증가되고 있는 추세에 있다. 터널 주변의 응력 및 변형상태는 새로운 터널건설에 의하여 변화되어 진다. 따라서, 근접터널에 대한 영향요소에 대한 연구 및 고찰은 필수적이다. 이 본문은 근접터널의 설계개념 및 분석기법에 대한 연구로써 신설터널의 건설로 인한 근법터널의 영향 및 상호거동에 대하여 고찰하였다. 특히 터널의 간격, 기하학적 위치, 라이닝의 강성 및 침하 등에 대하여 이론적 이해를 통하여 설계와 분석기법에 대하여 제안하였다. 결과적으로 이 논문을 통하여 향후 근접터널 설계시 보다 이론적이고 기술적인 접근을 위한 방향제시 및 해석방법등 기술향상을 위하여 도모 할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권9B호
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• pp.1342-1349
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• 2010

군용 환경에서 동적으로 변화하는 PT (Plain Text) 네트워크들이 Black (Blk) 네트워크를 통하여 서로 보안성있는 통신을 하기 위해서는 Blk 네트워크를 형성하는 완전 그물형 IPSec 터널이 필요하다. 이동성과 보안성이 요구되는 Blk 네트워크에서 IPSec 터널과 보안 방안, 즉 SPD (Security Policy Database)를 동적으로 재구성하는 것은 어려운 과제이다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 IPSec 터널 터널 모드 기술과 IPSec 비밀 키 관리 기술을 바탕으로 하여 군 네트워크에서 요구하는 이동성과 보안성 능력을 제공하기 위해서 구비해야 할 기술인 DMIDP(Dynamic Multicast-based IPSec Discovery Protocol) 기술과 관련된 핵심 기술을 체계적으로 제안한다. 또 제안된 DMIDP 기법에서 나타날 이동성 및 보안성과 관련된 성능에 영향을 미치는 주요 변수와 이들의 운영 방법을 도출하고 제안된 변수 상태에서의 DMIDP 운영 효율성을 분석한다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 증가하는 도심지 정체와 신설터널 건설에 따른 여러 제약의 문제를 해소하는 방안으로 향후 국내에서 수요가 증가할 것으로 전망되는 대심도 지하도로를 복층터널로 건설시 본선 복층터널에서 단층터널로 분기가 되는 구간의 터널 거동과 본선과 분기터널간의 필라 안정성을 수치해석을 통하여 검토하였다. 이를 위해 본선터널과 분기터널의 이격거리를 본선터널의 직경(D)을 기준으로 0.1D부터 2.0D까지 변화하는 조건과 지반조건을 암반등급에 따라 1~5등급으로 변화하는 조건들에 대하여 유한요소해석을 수행하였으며, 터널의 전체적인 거동과 함께 그 결과를 기반으로 기존의 경험식 등을 이용한 안전율, 강도-응력비, 그리고 간섭체적비를 산정하여 굴착에 따른 안정성 영향을 검토하였다. 검토 결과 수치해석결과를 이용해 산정된 강도-응력비와 간섭체적비는 경험식을 이용한 방법에 비해 암반강도보다는 이격거리가 안정성에 더욱 크게 영향을 미침을 나타내었고, 그에 따라 본선과 분기터널의 이격거리가 0.7D 이하인 경우는 본선과 분기터널을 모자 형태의 하나의 대단면으로 시공하는 것이 안정성 측면에서 유리한 것으로 판단되었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.435-453
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• 2016

The main purpose of this study is to perform optimum cost design of cut and cover RC shallow tunnels using Artificial bee colony and genetic algorithms. For this purpose, mathematical expressions of objective function, design variables and constraints for the design of cut and cover RC shallow tunnels were determined. By using these expressions, optimum cost design of the Trabzon Kalekapisi junction underpass tunnel was carried out by using the cited algorithms. The results obtained from the algorithms were compared with the results obtained from traditional design and remarkable saving from the cost of the tunnel was achieved.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.614-622
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• 2011

In this study, a new tunnel ventilation method with a high velocity air curtain flow has been investigated for improving the ventilation exhaust efficiency and removing air pollutants in subway tunnels. At upper or lower position right downstream of a main duct connected with a ventilation opening, air curtain flows were suppled into the main duct where the air flow velocity was in the range of 2~6 m/s. Exhaust efficiency was monitored for both cases with and without air curtain flow for different air velocities, locations and injection angles of the air curtain. Particulate matter concentrations (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0) were also checked at both the main duct and ventilation opening before and after supplying air curtain flows. Lower air velocity of the main duct flow, higher air velocity of the air curtain led to higher exhaust efficiency and the air curtain condition of 30..inclined injection toward the main flow showed the maximum exhaust efficiency. The exhaust efficiency of about 24% without the air curtain could be improved to about 34% after using the air curtain flow. PM concentration decreased at the main duct and increased at the ventilation opening after using the air curtain flow. Therefore, the suggested method to use air curtain flows in tunnels will be probably one of the promising tools to reduce air pollutants in subway tunnels.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2007

Along with the opening of the high speed railroad in 2004, the number of long tunnels constructed is increasing and will be continued. In this respect, the fro inside the tunnels is a main cause of drastic damages to both facilities and lives of passengers on board, especially more severe consequences are expected if the fire occurs on a train in urban area. Even though, the threat to human lives due to the increasing number of tong tunnels and increasing train operation times inside such tunnels is getting bigger, the studies to measure safety of the tunnel and to enhance the safety of passengers have not been carried out enough in Korea. Therefore, in this paper, we will use the probabilistic method to predict the average number of deaths of passengers in case of fire on a train iii tunnel, and show the potential risk to passengers which can be a guide for safer design of tunnels to be constructed.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1994년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.225-230
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• 1994

This paper concerns a case study on the design concept, analysis, construction methodology of a subway tunnel excavated in the soft ground beneath an existing building where the distance between the bottom of the building and the crown of the tunnel is separated by about 3 meters only. The silot tunnels are excavated in advance, and side reinforced-concrete walls are installed. Then, main tunnels are excavated with ring cut method. The steel ribs are installed and supported by the side walls made in advance. Between the steel ribs and the side walls, the screw jack is installed to apply prestressing so that settlement can be controlled at minimum. Various in-situ seasurements are made and compared with computed values obtained by numerical methods. By choosing this underpinning method with very caraful construction control, tunnelling projects could be finished successfully without having any damage to the building located very closely to the tunnel crown.