• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2005년도 창립30주년기념 추계 학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.3-18
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• 2005

고려인삼 8개 신품종의 특성을 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1) 다경발생율이 연풍은 45%로 가장 높았고, 금품은 7%로 가장 낮았으나, 지상부생육은 금품이 가장 양호 하였고, 연풍이 가장 낮았다. 2) 종자결실율은 금품이 85.4%로 가장 높았으며, 천풍이 69.1%로 가장낮았다. 종자수확량은 연풍이 108.3개로 가장많았고, 천풍이 77.5개로 가장 적었다. 3) 엽소발생율은 천풍이 타품종보다 각년생에서 높았으나 연풍은 다소 낮았다. 4) 뿌리 부위별 무게분포비율에서 동체의 비율이 천풍 등 5품종은 49%-55.9%로 자경재래종 63,1%보다 낮았으나, 지근의 비율은 5개 신품종이 19,3%-23.3%로 자경재래종 13.2% 보다 높았고, 세근은 차이가 없었다. 5) 수량은 연풍>금풍>고풍>천풍=선풍>자경재래증 순으로 연풍이 가장 높았고,동장은 천풍이 8.0cm로 가장 길었으나 연풍이 6.4cm로 가장 짧았다. 적변삼 발생율은 신품종이 0.2-9,5%로 자경재래종 16.3%보다 현저히 낮았다. 6) 천삼의 생출율은 천풍>금풍>고풍>선풍>연풍>청선>자경재래종의 순서로 천풍이 높았으며, 천지삼의 생출율도 같은 경향이었다. 7) 품종별 동체의 단위무게 당 total ginsenosides 함량은 금풍 8.53mg, 연풍8.13mg, 고풍7.47mg로 높았으나, 천풍과 선풍은 각각 5.73mg과 4.87mg로 다소낮았다.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.485-489
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• 2000

생장이 우수한 인삼모상근 세포주 (KGHR-1, KGHR-5, KGHR-8) 및 6년생 인삼근의 부위별로 ginsenoside 양상 및 생성특성을 조사하였다. 인삼모상근 및 6년생 인상근에서 ginsenoslde-Rb$_1$, Rb$_2$, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg$_1$, Rg$_2$을 확인하였으며, 인삼모상근 세포주간 및 인삼근 부위별로 ginsenoside의 함량은 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 8종류의 ginsenoside함량이 가장 높은 인삼모상근은 KGHR-1 세포주로 17.42 mg/g dry wt와 함량을 나타내었다. 모상근세포주 KGHR-1은 ginsenoside-Rd, Rg$_1$을, KGHR-5는 ginsenoside-Rb$_1$, Rg$_1$을, 그리고 KGHR-8은 ginsenoside-Rd, Re을 상대적으로 많이 생성하는 특징을 지니고 있으며, ginsenoside-Rf의 생성은 매우 낮았다. 6년생 인삼근의 부위별 ginsenoside의 함량은 주근, 지근, 세근순으로 많았으며, 주근에서 ginsenoside-Rc의 생성은 ginsenoside의 50.99%로써 모상근 세포주의 4.90~6.89%보다 매우 높았다. 6년생 인삼근의 총 ginsenoside에 대한 ginsenoside-Rg$_1$의 비율은 3.43~14.18% 수준으로 주근, 지근, 세근순으로 급격히 감소하였으며, 모상관의 17.14~24.43%와 비교할 때 매우 낮은 수준을 나타내었다. 따라서 인삼모상근 배양을 통하여 특정 ginsenosides생산이 가능하리라 생각된다.

• Plant Resources
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2004

The effects of topping method on the yield and major agronomic traits of two varieties, Sunwol and Youngjun of Alisma plantago, were investigated in the Southern region. Plant height, yield of fresh root, yield of dry root and weights of total roots were the highest in the variety of Sunwol, and at the plots with topping of four times cutting in flowering in main culm (Treatment No.1). Considering from our results, optimum topping method is most likly be topping of four times cutting in flowering in main culm in the Sunwol variety.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.78-82
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• 1996

In order to clarify effect of transplanting angle of seedling on shape and growth of ginseng root, ginseng of seedlings were transplanted with $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ respectively, and the root characters of 2-, 4- and 6-year-old ginseng were investigated. The length of main root with 45$^{\circ}$was above 7 cm (standard) but that of $60^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ was below 7 cm (standard). Number of good lateral root was above 2.3 ea for $45^{\circ}$, 0~$30^{\circ}$, but below 2.3 ea per plant for 60~$90^{\circ}$ respectively. Root fresh weight with $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ was heavier than that with $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$. Root disease infection rate was highest with $0^{\circ}$. There were, no significant difference in stem length, stem diameter, leaf area, comber of palmate leaves and leaflets per plant, ratio of missing plant, root diameter in 2-, 4- and 6-year-old ginseng.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.268-272
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• 2005

백수오 지주설치 생력화를 목적으로, 무지주 처리방법을 달리하여 백수오 중국도입종을 재배하고, 이에 따른 생육, 근수량 및 경영비를 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 관행 지주재배시 무지주 재배에 비해 생육이 양호한 경향이었으며, 무지주 처리 간에는 주만장과 주경의 총만장은 무처리, 적심, 선단예취 순으로 긴 반면, 경태는 선단예취, 적심, 무처리 순으로 굵었다. 선단예취시 엽수는 가장 적었으나 잎이 크고 엽당 무게가 무거운 편으로 이는 덩굴의 선단부 예취로 인해 수광면적이 확대됨으로써 광합성능률이 향상된 것으로 판단된다. 2. 지근의 수와 주근태는 지주재배와 선단예취에서 다소 많거나 굵었고, 주근장과 지근태는 지주재배와 적심 처리에서 길거나 굵었다. 3. 10a당 생근수량은 관행 지주재배시 1,918kg에 비해 무지주 재배시 $17.9{\sim}22.6%$ 감수되었으나, 지주생력화로 생산비가 감소됨으로써 경영비가 절감되어 소득이 $8%{\sim}17%$ 증가되었다. 무지주 처리방법 간에는 무처리에 비해 선단예취시 생근수량은 6%, 소득은 8% 각각 높았다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.480-488
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• 2015

Background : In order to determine the effects of planting methods on root growth of ginseng varieties, two different methods, direct seed sowing and transplanting were compared in terms of their effects on different root growth characteristics. Methods and Results : Higher fresh root weight was observed in ginseng grown by direct seed sowing. Direct seed sowing of three cultivars (Sunhyang, Chungsun and K-1) resulted in higher yield, whereas no difference was observed in the yield of one cultivar (Chungsun). Gumpoong was highly tolerant to physiological stress, as it showed fewer symptoms of rusty and rough skin root diseases in both direct seed sowing and transplanting. The average main root length per total root length of ginseng grown by direct seed sowing was 33.6%, whereas that of ginseng grown by the average of those by transplanting was 22.4%. Other root growth characteristics, including root length, main root diameter, and number of side roots, improved when the direct seed sowing method was used. Conclusions : To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the differences in root growth parameters of ginseng varieties grown by direct seed sowing or transplanting at the same planting density. Because of the advantages of direct sowing during ginseng planting, developing new varieties and improving cultivation methods are imperative.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.357-370
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• 2000

In [6], Cheng-Ye You gave a condition equivalent to the Nielsen number product formula for fiber maps. And Jerzy Jezierski also gave a similar condition for coincidences of fiber maps. The main purpose of this paper is to find the condition for which holds the product formula for Nielsen root numbers N(f;a) = N(f;a) N(fb;a).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.38.1-38.8
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• 2019

Navigation of the main root canal and dealing with a dens invaginatus (DI) is a challenging task in clinical practice. Recently, the guided endodontics technique has become an alternative method for accessing root canals, surgical cavities, and calcified root canals without causing iatrogenic damage to tissue. In this case report, the use of the guided endodontics technique for two maxillary lateral incisors with multiple DIs is described. A 16-year-old female patient was referred with the chief complaint of pain and discoloured upper front teeth. Based on clinical and radiographic findings, a diagnosis of pulp necrosis and chronic periapical abscess associated with double DI (Oehler's type II) was established for the upper left lateral maxillary incisor (tooth #22). Root canal treatment and the sealing of double DI with mineral trioxide aggregate was planned for tooth #22. For tooth #12 (Oehler's type II), preventive sealing of the DI was planned. Minimally invasive access to the double DI and the main root canal of tooth #22, and to the DI of tooth #12, was achieved using the guided endodontics technique. This technique can be a valuable tool because it reduces chair-time and, more importantly, the risk of iatrogenic damage to the tooth structure.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.334-342
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• 2018

Background: Panax notoginseng is a highly valued medicine and functional food, whose quality is considered to be influenced by the size, botanical parts, and growth environments. Methods: In this study, a HPLC method integrating fingerprinting and determination of multiconstituents by single reference standard was established and adopted to investigate the chemical profiles and active constituent contents of 215 notoginseng samples with different sizes, from different botanical parts and geographical regions. Results: Chemical differences among main root, branch root, and rotten root were not distinct, while rhizome and fibrous root could be discriminated from other parts. The notoginseng samples from Wenshan Autonomous Prefecture and cities nearby were similar, whereas samples from cities far away were not. The contents of major active constituents in main root did not correlate with the market price. Conclusion: This study provided comprehensive chemical evidence for the rational usage of different parts, sizes, and growth regions of notoginseng in practice.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.358-358
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• 2017

The plant type is generally one of the most important factor for crop production and be influenced by nitrogen absorption. Soybean plants have nodules in their roots, supplying nitrogen at the vegetative and reproductive stages. Root nodules seem to effect plant type of soybean plants, but there are few reports on the relation nodules and plant type. We tried to clarify the effects of root nodules on the plant type, especially internode length and petiole length, comparing non-nodule soybean with normal soybean. The pot experiment and field experiment were carried out at Mie University and Utsunomiya University in 2015 and 2016. Enrei, a popular cultivar in central Japan, and En1282, non-nodulating isogenic line of Enrei, were used. The petiole length on main stem was measured after defoliation and internode length and yield components were measured after harvest. In the field experiment, the patterns of the final length in internode and petiole on main stem were consistent in both cultivars, and a positive correlation was found between the Nth petiole length and the N-1th internode length, belong to the same phytomere. Therefore, the petiole and internode on the main stem make similar response for environmental factors. In pot experiment, Enrei grew with the same pattern as field experiments, but in En1282, the elongation of petiole and internode in the upper part was suppressed, especially the petiole was suppressed greatly. The main stem becomes the basis of the plant type. These results were considered that the nitrogen is distributed preferentially to the internode than the petiole. It seems that the pot cultivation restricted the rhizosphere and caused nitrogen deficiency in En1282. These results suggested that the slight nitrogen deficiency provided from the root nodules was compensated by the increase of the amount of inorganic nitrogen absorption due to the expansion of the rhizosphere, and the severe nitrogen deficiency suppressed elongation of petiole and internode. It is clear that root nodules effect the plant type by supplying nitrogen to internodes and petioles.