• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1435-1450
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• 2004

The investigation, which includes the material homogenization and the calculation of local stress concentration of long-fibrous composites in a microscopic level, has been performed to analyze the behavior of fiber-reinforced composites by using finite element method. In order to carry out this study, the finite element models of composites have been generated by the idealized arrays as square and hexagonal-packed type. In the FE analysis, the boundary conditions of micromechanical finite element method(MFEM) have been defined and verified by comparing with the results from multi-cells, and the effective material properties of composites composed of graphite/epoxy have been also evaluated by rules of mixture. For acquiring the relation between the global and local behaviors of composites, the magnifications of strain, stress, and interfacial stress of composites subjected to a longitudinal and transverse loading respectively have been calculated. And the magnifications have been proposed as the stress concentration in the microscopic level at composite material.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.67-79
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• 1991

Geomrtric nonlinearity of axially and laterally loaded reinforced concrete slender columns has been generally considered by use of second order analysis such as $P-{\Delta}$ method. Complex procedure in second order analysis may not be a difficult problem with computer aid, however it has been seldom used in design offices because of the need of carefully decided input data. In lieu of second order analyses, the Korean and the American concrete codes have adopted the moment magnifier method. It is known, however, that this method results in too conservative design in some cases. Accuracy of the moment magnifier method to the experimentally obtained data has been reviewed and an improved method has been proposed for better result.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.814-827
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• 2012

This study analyzed the presentation trend of a checklist method for trench coat designs. Through this analysis, this study examined the flow of trench coat designs and presents future design directions. Research was conducted in the following method. A total of 1,307 female trench coat photos were selected from the photos presented in the top 4 collections from 2006 to 2011. These photos were used for analysis and frequency analysis was conducted. Among the checklist methods presented in trench coats, the modification type was most common, followed by the elimination type, conversion type, combination type, minimization type, addition type, and magnification type, respectively. Checklist methods were continuously presented even while increasing and decreasing according to the year and season. This showed that it was highly possible for checklist methods to be continuously applied in future trench coat designs. Generally, a high frequency of appearance was shown in 2010 and during the F/W season. According to the development direction of future trench coat designs applied with the checklist method, it is predicted that the modification type and the elimination type (which have generally displayed high appearance frequency) will be continuously magnified in the future. In particular, it is expected modifications in structural details (which have showed an upward trend in 2011) will be further magnified.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.1000-1009
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• 2006

We propose an adaptive linear interpolation locating sub-pixels. We utilize a pixel-based parameter in the conventional linear interpolation. To optimally obtain the parameter, we propose a generic interpolation structure including a low pass filter and minimum mean square error. We also propose a simple version of the generic interpolation method, which obtain a closed-form solution. Simulation results show that the proposed method is superior to the state-of-the-art methods such as warped distance linear interpolation and shifted linear interpolation, as well as the conventional method such as the linear interpolation and the cubic convolution interpolation in terms of the subjective and objective image quality.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.77-80
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• 2002

A simple method for sporangial formation of the rice downy mildew pathogen, Sclerophthora macrospora, on infected leaf tissues was developed to facilitate diagnosis of the disease. Freshly infected young leaves showing whitish to yellowish small spots were selected and cut into small pieces about 2-3 cm in length. About 10-20 pieces were surface sterilized in a 100 ml Duran bottle with 40 ml of 70% ethanol by vigorous shaking for 30 seconds. After washing three times with distilled water, the leaf cuts were submerged in 10 ml of Millipore-filtered paddy water and incubated at $20^{\circ}C$ in the dark. After 8-10 h of incubation, the bottle was vigorously agitated on a vortex mixer, Aliquot amount of the suspension, 0.1-1.0 m1, was spread on a slide glass and examined under a light microscope at 50 or 100x magnification. It was found that light and 1% NaClO strongly inhibit sporangial formation of S. macrospora. Meanwhile, the use of freshly infected young loaves and washing with 70% ethanol stimulated sporangial formation of the fungus on rice leaves.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 1979

A simple test using latex-agglutination was developed to detect serologically tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), soybean mosaic virus (SoyMV), and barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) from infected Plants. Latex spheres ( 0.81 $\mu$, Difco) were adsorbed with immuno globulin purified by electrophoresis from crude antiserum against viruses. The antibody- sensitized latex suspension was mixed with sap from virus -infected leaves in a glass capillary tube (inner diam. 1mm $\times$ 100 mm length) The mixture, after agitation, was observed under a stereo microscope at low magnification (X20 - X4O), to examine the reaction between antigen (Virus) and its antibody. Flocculation occurred when the reaction was positive.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.2019-2024
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• 2011

The effect of the wear of contact tips on the weld beads made by a Gas Metal Arc Welding(GMAW) process was studied. In order to correlate between the wear of tips and beads, the droplet transfer was investigated by a high speed camera and waveform shapes, and the condition of beads was examined by a low magnification camera as well. It was found that the worn contact tip had caused to shift the contact point between the tip and the welding wire which resulted in nonuniform beads. In addition, the worn contact tip had changed the welding resistance and brought about the arc instability during welding.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.174-181
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• 2007

Today, endoscopic procedures are common in diagnostic and other surgical procedures, with endoscopically enhanced and magnified images permitting surgical access through minimal incisions. This has expanded the treatment options for many difficult anatomic sites, and the endoscope facilitated safe anatomic reduction and fixation. The use of the endoscope may reduce the disadvantages of open fracture repair and should be considered for broad application in the treatment of displaced facial bone fractures. Optical endoscopic magnification minimizes the disadvantages associated with open surgical repair, including the risk of facial nerve injury and external facial scarring, and no postoperative complications have been attributable to the endoscopic approach. This technique was used in 14 patients treated at Ulsan University Hospital, Korea, from September 2004 to August 2006, including six mandibular subcondyle fractures, five blowout fractures and three zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures. Careful preoperative evaluation and proper surgical technique were essential to achieve optimal results in the selected patients.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.853-859
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• 2015

1-DOF shear building was designed, built and tested to investigate the interactions between the shear building and the shaking table excited harmonically by the electro-magnetic forces. In the experiments horizontal accelerations of the shaking table and the shear building were measured. To understand the experimental results experimental setting was modeled as an unconstrained 2-DOF system under the hormonic forces. The responses of the shear building and the shaking table of the unconstrained 2-DOF system were found with the equations of motions. The magnification factors of the table and the shear building with respect to the amplitude of the harmonic forces and the transmission of the shear building with respect to the table excitations were found and compared with the experimental results.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.247-253
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• 2005

We tried to design a Galilean telescopic spectacles for low vision which is with reference to goods of German. The design bases are that the magnification is 2.2X for general using and the diameter of aperture stop is 3mm. The Galilean telescopic spectacles is designed by using Sigma 2100 made in Kidger Optics Ltd. As a result, we have got the system that the MTF-value is more than 0.25 at 0.25 cycles/arc-minute and the distortion is under 1%. This system is judged to be useful for low vision.