• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.412-420
• /
• 1989

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens의 extracellular $\alpha$-amylase는 세포질막에 결합된 ribosome에서 합성되며 이 때 ribosome은 nascent polypeptide쇄에 의해 막에 부착된 것으로 추측된다. $\alpha$-amylase 생산균주인 E. amyioiiquefaciens 야생주의 정상단백(MW, 58kDa)과 이 균주의 $\alpha$-amylase 구조유전자에 변이가 일어나 carboxy 말단이 결실된 변이주의 이상단백 (33kDa)은 동일조건하의 배양외액에서 그 효소활성이 검출됨을 볼 때, $\alpha$-amylase의 carboxy 말단에는 막 투과의 신호가 없는 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 이들 양균주의 대수증식기 세포에 puromycin을 20$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$까지 가하여 6시간 동안 처리한 결과 균의 사멸에는 영향을 미치지 않았으나 extracellular $\alpha$-amylase 활성은 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$의 농도에서도 동일양상으로 감소하였다. 이 감소요인은 puromycin 처리시 막결합 ribosome에서의 막과 ribosome의 가교로 작용할 것으로 예상되는 nascent poly peptide 합성이 중단되므로 막으로부터 ribosome이 해리되어 $\alpha$-amylase의 분비가 억제된 것으로 추측된다. 이 현상은 50mM의 magnesium의 첨가효과 가 약하게 나타났기 때문에 ribosome은 nascent Polypeptide의 가교로 막에 부착되어 있는 것으로 생각된다. 또 Iysozyme 처리에 의해 세포벽을 분해한 protoplas가 trypsin을 함께 처리하므로서 세포외액의 $\alpha$-amylase 활성이 상실됨은 막의 외부로 protruding되는 nascent polypeptide가 trypsin에 의해 분해되기 때문으로 생각된다. 3차 구조를 형성한 extracellular $\alpha$-amylase의 경우 trypsin 내성임을 감안할 때 이 분자가 세포막 통과 직후, 세포벽을 통과하기 이전에 folding이 이루어져서 그 후 성숙된 단백으로서 세포벽을 통과하는 것으로 믿어진다.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• 제44권6호
• /
• pp.583-590
• /
• 2006

In this study, an organic solvent tolerant bacterial strain was isolated. This strain was identified as Pseudomonas sp. strain S5, and was shown to degrade BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl-Benzene, and Xylene). Strain S5 generates an organic solvent-tolerant lipase in the late logarithmic phase of growth. Maximum lipase production was exhibited when peptone was utilized as the sole nitrogen source. Addition of any of the selected carbon sources to the medium resulted in a significant reduction of enzyme production. Lower lipase generation was noted when an inorganic nitrogen source was used as the sole nitrogen source. This bacterium hydrolyzed all tested triglycerides and the highest levels of pro-duction were observed when olive oil was used as a natural triglyceride. Basal medium containing Tween 60 enhanced lipase production to the most significant degree. The absence of magnesium ions ($Mg^{2+}$) in the basal medium was also shown to stimulate lipase production. Meanwhile, an alkaline earth metal ion, $Na^+$, was found to stimulate the production of S5 lipase.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.123-130
• /
• 1977

In previous paper, it was reported that antibiotic substance such as tetracycline and streptomycin were produced by S'. albus subsp. and S'. globosus. And increase of mycelial growth of two strains, antibiotic production, and changes of pH range are extended to approximately 110-130 hrs in fermenting medium, there-after they decreased with culture period exception of pH range. Two Streptomyces spp. required commonly 4-5% starch as carbon sources and 1.5-2.0% soybean meal as nitrogen sources. However, 0.005-0.01M potassium phosphate dibasic, calcium carbonate (6mg/ml in S.albus subsp. and 2mg/ml in S. globosus), 0.01-0.03M, magnesium sulgate and 0.01M ferric chloride showed as optimal concentration for the growth of 2 strains. Mineral compoments such as zinc, manganese, cobalt, sodium and copper at the level of 10/sup -4/ -10/sup -6/M were observed. Especially, zinc ion showed toxicity to the growth of 2 strains at 0.005M. In relation with pH, there is a little difference in mycelial growth with cultural initial pH.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제55권3호
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 2013

The present study was conducted to investigate the adsorption potential of red mud for fluoride removal. Different operation parameters such as the effect of contact time, initial concentration, pH, competing anions, seawater, adsorbent dose amount, and adsorbent mixture were studied. Nearly 3 hr was required to reach sorption equilibrium. Equilibrium sorption data were described well by Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacity of red mud was 5.28 mg/g. The fluoride adsorption at pH 3 was higher than in the pH range 5-9. The presence of anions such as sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, and bicarbonate had no significant effect on fluoride adsorption onto red mud. The fluoride removal by red mud was greater in seawater than deionized water, resulting from the presence of calcium and magnesium ion in seawater. The use of red mud alone was more effective for the removal of fluoride than mixing red mud with other industrial waste such as oyster shells, lime stone, and steel slag. This study showed that red mud has a potential application in the remediation of fluoride contaminated soil and groundwater.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.117-122
• /
• 2005

Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) was extracted from Solanum tuberosum Jasim by various chromatographic methods and was subsequently purified and characterized. PPO was purified upto 78-fold from the crude extract. SDS-PAGE profile of the enzyme showed a major subunit of PPO with molecular weight of 40 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature for the maximum activity of PPO was 6.5 and $25^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme was found to be quite stable between 10 and $40^{\circ}C$, whereas it was almost inactivated at $70^{\circ}C$ when incubated for 30 min. Substrate specificity study indicated that catechol was the most suitable substrate for PPO isolated from purple-fleshed potato with a $K_m$ value of 21.1 mM. The most effective inhibitor was ascorbic acid, followed by L-cysteine, citric acid, EDTA, and boric acid. Studies on the effect of metal ion on PPO activity showed that magnesium and copper were inhibitory, while iron and zinc ions increased the activity of PPO.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.59-73
• /
• 1980

A detailed procedure was described for the isolation of cratine kinase (ATP-Creatine phosphotransferase, E. C. 2. 7. 3. 2.) from the muscle of the snake Bungarus fasciatus. The original isolation procedure of Kuby et al. for the rabbit muscle enzyme has been modified and extended to include a chromatographic step. The properties of the enzyme have been investigated and kinetic constants for the reverse reactions determined as the followings: 1) A molecular weight of the enzyme was determined by gel filteration on Sephadex G-100 and by electrophoresis on SDS-polyacrylamide was 86,000. 2) Two reactive sulphydryl groups were detected with dithiobis nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB). 3) The nucleotide substrate specificity in the reverse reaction was determined as ADP*2'-dADP＞GDP＞XDP＞UDP with magnesium as the activating metal ion. 4) The order of the metal specificity in the reverse reaction Mg>Mn>$Ca{\sim}Co$ was determined with ADP as substrate. 5) A detailed kinetic analysis was carried out in the reverse direction with $MaADP^-$ as the nucleotide substrate. Initial velocity and product inhibition studies($MaADP^{2-}$ competitive with respect to MgADP- and noncompetitive with respect to $N-phosphorycreatine^{2-}$ ; Creatine competitive with respect to $N-phosphorycreatine^{2-}$ and noncompetitive with respect to Ma $ADP^-)$ indicated that the reaction obeyed a sequential mechanism of the rapid equilibrium random type.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.68-72
• /
• 2007

A new PVC membrane potentiometric sensor that is highly selective to Hg2+ ions was prepared, using bis(2-hydroxybenzophenone) butane-2,3-dihydrazone (HBBD) as an excellent hexadendates neutral carrier. The sensor works satisfactorily in the concentration range of 1.0 × 10-6 to 1.0 × 10-1 mol L-1 (detection limit 4 × 10-7 mol L-1) with a Nernstian slope of 29.7 mV per decade. This electrode showed a fast response time (~8 s) and was used for at least 12 weeks without any divergence. The sensor exhibits good Hg2+ selectivity for a broad range of common alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions (lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc, cadmium, lead and lanthanum). The electrode response is pH independent in the range of 1.5-4.0. Furthermore, the developed sensor was successfully used as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of mercury ions with potassium iodide and the direct determination of mercury in some binary and ternary mixtures.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.173-177
• /
• 1996

The Pneumococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, has an ample polysaccharide (PS) capsule that is highly antigenic and is the main virulence factor of the organism. The capsular PS is the source of PS vaccine. This investigation was undertaken to optimize the culture conditions for the production of capsular PS by type 4 pneumococcus. Among several culture media, brain heart infusion (BHI) and Casitone based medium were found to support luxuriant growth of pneumococcus type 4 at the same level. Therefore in this study, the Casitone based medium was used to study optimization of the culture condition because of BHI broth's high cost and complex nature. The phase of growth which accomodated maximum PS production was exponential phase. Concentrations of glucose greater than 0.8% did not enhance growth or PS production. Substitution of nitrogen sources with other resources or supplementation of various concentrations of metal ion (with the exception of calcium, copper, and magnesium ions) had adverse effects on growth and PS production. On the other hand, low level aeration and supplementation of 3 mg/l concentration of asparagine, phenylalanine, or threonine were beneficial for increased PS production. The synergistic effect of all the favorable conditions observed in pneumococcal growth assays provided a two-fold cumulative increase in capsular PS production.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2011

시설재배 딸기를 위한 생력적이고 환경친화적인 순환식 수경재배기술을 확립하기 위하여 고형배지 종류별로 딸기의 무기이온 흡수 특성을 조사하였다. 톱밥배지를 제외한 나머지 세 종류의 배지에서는 대체적으로 많은 양의 질산태질소의 흡수를 나타내었는데, 펄라이트배지와 입상양면배지 보다는 코코피트배지에서 약간 높은 흡수농도를 나타내었다. 인은 톱밥배지를 제외한 세 종류의 배지에서는 초기에는 $5me{\cdot}L^{-1}$의 높은 흡수농도를 나타내었으며 생육이 진행됨에 따라 점차 감소하여 $3me{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 정도의 흡수량을 나타내었는데, 이것은 비교적 높은 농도로서 추후 검토를 할 필요가 있을 것으로 생각되었다. 그러나 톱밥배지에서는 3월 중순까지 인의 흡수가 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 칼륨의 흡수농도는 톱밥배지를 제외하고는 세 배지 모두 비슷한 흡수량을 나타내었는데 생육초기에는 비교적 높은 흡수량을 나타내었지만 점차적으로 감소하여 $4me{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 전후의 흡수량을 나타내었다. 칼슘의 흡수량은 펄라이트배지와 입상암면배지에서는 생육초기에 약간 높은 농도를 나타내기는 하였지만 생육전반에 걸쳐서 $2me{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 정도의 안정적인 흡수양상을 나타내었다. 마그네슘은 코코피트배지에서 생육 전반기에 $3me{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 정도의 높은 흡수농도를 나타내었으며 생육 후반기까지도 다른 배지에 비해서 가장 높은 흡수 농도를 나타내었다. 다음으로는 펄라이트 배지와 입상암면배지 순이었으며 세 배지 모두 마그네슘의 흡수는 대체적으로 $1me{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 정도의 농도를 나타내었다. 본 실험의 결과는 고형배지를 이용한 순환식 딸기 수경재배에서 유용하게 활용될 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.163-170
• /
• 1997

대표적인 무기계 지연제인 규불하마그네슘(MgSiF6.6H2O)을 시멘트 수화반응시 첨가했을 때의 수화반응의 지연 효과 및 특성과 수용액 이온농도 변화 고찰하기 위하여 규불화마그네슘을 시멘트 질랴의 0.3wt%에서 5wt%까지 변화시키면서 그 영향을 연구 검토하였다. 시멘트 모르타르의 flow는 지연제의 첨가에 따라 감소하는 경향이 있으며 응결 시간은 지연제의 첨가량에 따라 지연되었다. 모르타르의 압축 강도는 지연제의 첨가량에 따라 3일, 7일까지는 지연제를 첨가하지 않은 plain mortar에 비하여 약간 낮은 강도를 나타내나, 시간이 지남에 따라 회복되어 28일이 지나면 plain 모르타르와 같은 강도를 나타낸다. 규불화마그네슘이 첨가되면 수화 초기 단계에서 시멘트로부터 용출된 알카리 이온과 반응하여 K2SiF6의 생성이 일어나며 그와 동시에 Ca++와 F++와의 반응에 따라 CaF2화합물이 생성됨을 확인하였다. 이때 생성된 K2SiF6 및 CaF2생성물의 비표면적은 대단히 컸으며 이들 물질이 수화반응 초기에 미수화 시멘트시 입자 표면에 생성되어 시멘트의 수화가 지연되는 것으로 검토된다. 또한 수화초기의 수화용액의 Ca++ 및 K+이온 농도의 저하 역시 포틀랜드 수화반응속도를 지연시켜 주는 이유가된다.