• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.233.2-233.2
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.167.1-167.1
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.166.1-166.1
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• 2001

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.177-181
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• 2010

Few cases of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) or reactive hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) during the acute febrile phase of Kawasaki disease (KD) have been reported. We report on a case of a 19 month-old girl with MAS or reactive HLH during the course of KD. Despite immunoglobulin and steroid therapy, she showed persistent fever with hepatosplenomegaly and evidence of hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow. A high index of suspicion for clinical features associated with MAS is necessary for KD patients in order to provide appropriate treatment.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 1994

It is weal known that bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates prostaglandin synthesis in various experimental system via enhancing the expression of cylooxygenase-2 (COX-2). This study was designed to characterize U)5-induced prostaglandin synthesis in mouse peritoneal macrophages LPS-stimulated prostaglandin synthesis in macrophages with short term exposure was not so much prominent, but there was a burst in prostaglandin synthesis 8 hours after the LPS treatment and this u·as accompanied with the increase of cyclooxygenase activity, Dexamethasone markedly inhibited prostaglandin synthesis in this system. Metabolic label ins data supported above observations and thus, it could be concluded that LPS induces the do novo synthesis of COX-2 by which it stimulates the prostaglandin synthesis in mouse peritoneal macrophages, These data suggested that this experimental model system could be used for the screening procedure of COX-2 selective inhibitors. Ketoprofen, a non steroidal anti inflammatory agent, appeared to inhibit COX-1 relatively more selectively than COX-2.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.273-277
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• 2003

Salicornia herbacea is an annual herb growing in salt marshes and on muddy seashores. Salicornia herbacea has been used as a fork medicine as well as a seasoned vegetable. In fork medicine, Salicornia herbacea has been used to treat a variety of diseases such as constipation, obesity, diabetes, asthma, arthritis and cancer. However, the biological mechanisms for these activities have not been characterized, nor the active components. The immunomodulatory activity of Salicornia herbacea components were studied in the present study. The components of Salicornia herbacea were prepared from the whole plant by passage through a fine screen, and then dialyzed against PBS overnight. Immunomodulatory activities of the Salicornia herbacea components were examined on a mouse macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells. The Salicornia herbacea components were shown to stimulate cytokine production, nitric oxide release, and expression of surface molecules in a dose dependent manner. The Salicornia herbacea components also induced further differentiation of slightly adherent RAW 264.7 cell into strongly adherent macrophages. These results indicate that Salicornia herbacea contains immunomodulator(s) that induces activation of macrophages.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.531-534
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• 2000

Nitric oxide (NO), products of activated macrophages, have a great impact on the regulation of cytokine production. The role of NO in non-specific host cells is commonly accepted. On the contrary, its role as an immuno-regulatory molecule is still controversial. In this study, we have investigated the effect of NO on the production of cytokines from murine splenocytes and macrophages. S-nitroso-L-glutathione inhibited the release of both interferone-$\gamma$ and interleukin-2 produced by Th1 cells and tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ and interleukin-1$\beta$ produced by macrophages, but did not affect the release of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 produced by Th2 cells. These results suggest that NO exerts a down-regulatory effect on the secretion of cytokines from Th1 cells and macrophages which are implicated in immune response. Thus, NO may have an important role as an immune-modulatory as well as effector molecule in the immune system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.322-322
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• 1994

Gram 음성균의 세포벽 성분인 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)는 생체내에서 각종 생리 활성 물질의 생성을 증진 시킴으로써 내독성 shock등의 병변을 유발하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이중 prostaglandin (PG)합성 증진 작용에 대해서는 많은 보고가 이루어져 있으나 그 자세한 작용 기전이나 특성등에 대해서는 아직 많은 연구가 되어 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 랫드의 폐포 macrophage를 대상으로 하여 LPS의 PG 합성 증진 작용에 대한 특성을 확인코자 하였다. 우선 LPS에 의한 PG 합성 profile을 시간별로 확인한 결과 처리 6 시간 이후에 현저한 합성 증가를 관찰하였으며, 이는 주로 cyclooxygenase의 활성 증가에 기인하는 것으로 추정되었다. LPS는 짧은 시간 동안의 처리에 의해서도 PG 합성을 증진 시켰으나, 양적인 면에서, 장시간 처리에 비해 극히 적었고, 이 작용은 phospholipase $A_2$ 활성 증가에 기인하는 것으로 추정 되었다. LPS에 의한 PG합성 증진 작용은, TNF나 PAF의 생성을 매개로 하지는 않았으며, serum의 존재가 필수적임을 확인하였다. EGF, PDGF 등의 growth factor들은 그 자체로는 PG 합성을 유의적으로 증가시키지는 않았으나 LPS와의 병용 처리에 의해 어느 정도의 증진 작용을 나타내었다. 또한, 정상 랫드 serum도 LPS와의 병용 처리에 의해 PG 합성을 현저히 증가 시켰으며, 따라서, LPS는 serum 중의 각종 growth factor 외에도 LBP등의 serum factor들과의 상호 작용을 통하여 PG합성 증진 작용을 나타내는 것으로 추정 되었다.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.127-149
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• 1994

Histopathological studies on the two lymphomyeloid organs of spleen and head kidney in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, were carried out to clarify the significance on the morphological characteristics of melano - macrophage centers (MMCs) which are varied in different physiological and pathological conditions of teleosts. To examine the histological changes by the artificial modification of the immunological states, tilapia were treated intraperitoneally with FKC and LPS of Edwardsiella tarda, and orally with dexamethasone, and then followed by the intraperitoneal injection of colloidal carbon for chasing the macrophages. There were marked differences in phagocytic avidity of macrophages, and accumulating patterns of carbon - ladening macrophages into the MMCs among the test groups. In the non - pretreated control group, carbon - ladening macrophages were densely accumulated at 12th and 20th day within the MMCs of head kidney and spleen, respectively. And, in the groups treated with bacterial antigens (FKC & LPS), the macrophages were more rapidly and densely aggregated within MMCs. But in the group with dexamethasone, only a few carbon particles were detected in both organs. Any compactly isolated form of particles was not found in this group. From the present results, it was strongly suggested that certain changes in immunological states of tilapia influence on the morphology of MMCs including the frequency of appearance, sizes, aggregating patterns or outlines. Therefore, morphology of MMCs would be very important in the interpretation for histopathological findings seen in the teleost's lymphomyeloid organs.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.198-206
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• 2007

Hydroquinone is a toxic compound and a major benzene metabolite. We report that it strongly inhibits the activation of macrophages and associated cells. Thus, it suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-3, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-23], secretion of toxic molecules [nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)] and the activation and expression of CD29 as judged by cell-cell adhesion and surface staining experiments. The inhibition was due to the induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in LPS-activated macrophages, since blocking HO-1 activity with ZnPP, an HO-1 specific inhibitor, abolished hydroquinone's NO inhibitory activity. In addition, hydroquinone and inhibitors (wortmannin and LY294002) of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway had very similar inhibitory effects on LPS-induced and CD29-mediated macrophage responses, including the phoshorylation of Akt. Therefore, our data suggest that hydroquinone inhibits macrophage-mediated immune responses by modulating intracellular signaling and protective mechanisms.