• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.58-60
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• 2001

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of nutrient level and feeding method of split diets for a.m. and p.m. on laying hen performance. In both studies, ISA Brown layers were kept in laying hen cages and treatments were represented by three or four replicates each containing 25 or 34 birds. In Experiment 1, the control group(C) was fed a conventional single diet throughout the day and split diet groups(T1, T2 and T3) were offered high energy/protein - low Ca diet and low energy/protein - high Ca diets in a.m. and p.m., respectively. In split diet groups, ME and CP consumption, and feed cost required per day and per kg egg mass were significantly reduced(P＜0.05) compared to C group, while the hen-day egg production, average egg weight and daily feed intake were not different among treatments. In the second study, C and T1 groups were fed the diets same to the C and T2 groups in Experiment 1, respectively. And T2 group was fed the diet mixed with the split diets for a.m. in mash and p.m. in pellet used in T1 group. In T1 and T2 groups, daily feed intake and average egg weight were significantly reduced(P＜0.05), while the hen-day egg production was not influenced by the feeding system. Daily ME and CP consumption, and feed cost were reduced(P＜0.05) in T1 and T2, while the ME, CP and feed cost required per kg egg mass were not different to the C group. In both study, eggshell qualities were improved(P＜0.05) by split diet feeding. It was concluded the feed and nutrients consumption, feed cost per day or per kg egg mass could be spared by introducing split diets for a.m. and p.m., and the feeding method of mixed diet of split diets was also convenient and effective for sparing feed cost and improvement of eggshell quality.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.145-153
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• 1995

This study was conducted to determine the effects of non-climatic environmental factors on performances and behavioural patterns of growing pigs. Two hundred and seventy growing pigs were confined and administered with three levels of spaces per pig(0.33, 0.44 and 0.66$m^2$) and three different numbers of pigs per pen(12, 15 and 18 pigs) from 30kg to 60kg body weight. This study was designed by using 3 $\times$ 3 factorial arrangement(three levels of spaces $\times$ three different numbers of pigs) and investigated the effects of main factors and the relationship between each factors. The result of this study were summarized as follows; 1. The 0.44$m^2$ of floor space per pig improved(p<0.01) the weight gain and the feed/gain during the growing phase. 2. The 15 pigs per pen showed the faster gain and improved feed/gain than the 12 or 18 pigs per pen during the growing phase(p<0.05). 3. The reduction of floor space of growing pigs caused the reduction of resting, non-aggressive social behaviour but eating, aggressive behaviour was increased(p<0.01). 4. Group size affected the behavioural patterns significantly(p<0.01) of growing pigs. The aggressive and eating behaviour increased but resting behaviour decreased by crowding in the growing pigs. 5. Therefore we concluded that growing pigs need 0.44$m^2$ per pig and 15 pigs per pen for the better raising condition.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.45-56
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• 1980

Farming density of oyster cultured in Hansan-Geoje Bay was studied to obtain the optimal farming density based on the biosedimentation analysis and the annual yield data from 1970 to 1979. Farming density of oyster extrapolated by means of pollution grade of sediment is significantly correlated to COD and phaeophytin content of the bottom mud of the bay. Pollution grade is linearly related to the number of oyster clusters suspended in the unit area. Optimal farming density was $0.12\;string/m^2$ in case of raft culture, and it was $0.12\;string/m^2$ in case of long-line culture. Farming density was well expressed by the number of strings per raft and the area covered by a raft. As strings per raft increased from 350 to 558, total yield from a raft increased and when occupied sea area per raft ranged from $1.000\;m^2\;to\;6,000\;m^2$, the yield per raft linearly increased as the area increased. This analysis suggests that the optimal density be 0.11 string per unit area $(m^2)$. As increasing the number of strings per $m^2$ the yield per string decreases, and this is well dipicted by a linear function. At this time the yield per unit area increases when the number of string increases up to the density of $0.13\;strings/m^2$. From the point of these three comprehensive analyses the optimal density was $0.11\~0.13\;string/m^2$ in case of raft culture and $0.25\;strings/m^2$ in case of long-line culture in Hansan-Geoje Bay. The maximum expected yield of oyster in Hansan-Geoje Bay is approximately 5,600 tons when maintained the string density at $0.11\~0.13\;string/m^2$.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.217-223
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• 1997

This study was performed to determine if women with day 3 serum inhibin-B concentrations <45pg/ml (conversion factor to SI unit, 1.00) demonstrate a poor response to ovulation induction and assisted reproductive technology outcome to women with inhibin-B${\ge}45pg$/ml, independant of day 3 FSH, E2 and patient age. From Jan 1996 to Dec 1996, 16 volunteers patients who underwent 25 IVF cycles with luteal phase GnRH agonist suppression and HMG stimulation were allocated to the study group. We evaluated day 3 serum inhibin-B, FSH, E2, peak E2, cancellation rate per initiated cycle (%) and clinical pregnancy rate per initiated cycle (%) according to the above two groups and independent of patient age, day 3 FSH, day 3 E2 and all of above combined. Women with day 3 serum inhibin-B${\ge}45pg$/ml demonstrated higher average day 3 inhibin-B level, clinical pregnancy rate per initiated cycle ($20.3{\pm}2.5$ pg/ml vs $80.9{\pm}5.0$ pg/ml, p<0.05; 24.8% vs 8.5%, p<0.05) and lower day 3 FSH level, cancellation rate per initiated cycle ($6.9{\pm}0.3$ mIU/ml vs $8.5{\pm}0.5$ mIU/ml, p<0.05; 1.5% vs 9.0%, p<0.05). Women with day 3 serum inhibin${\ge}45pg$/ml and age<40 year demonstrated higher pregnancy rate per initiated cycle (28.2% vs 7.4%, p<0.05) and lows. day 3 FSH level, cancellation rate per initiated cycle ($6.9{\pm}0.5$ mIU/ml vs $8.2{\pm}0.7$ mIU/ml, p<0.05; 1.0% vs 9.0%, p<0.05). Women with day 3 serum inhibin${\ge}45pg$/ml and day 3 FSH<15mIU/ml demonstrated higher pregnancy rate per initiated cycle (33.5% vs 9.5%, p<0.05) and lower day 3 FSH level, cancellation rate per initiated cycle ($7.7{\pm}0.2$ mIU/ml vs $8.5{\pm}0.5$ mIU/ml, p<0.05; 1.5% vs 10.0%, p<0.05). Women with day 3 serum inhibin${\ge}45pg$/ml and day 3 E2<50pg/ml demonstrated higher pregnancy rate per initiated cycle (30.0% vs 9.5%, p<0.05) and lower cancellation rate per initiated cycle (1.5% vs 9.5%, p<0.05). Women with day 3 serum inhibin${\ge}45pg$/ml, age<40 year, day 3 FSH<15mIU/ml and day 3 E2<50pg/ml demonstrated higher pregnancy rate per initiated cycle (30.0% vs 10.8%, p<0.05) and lower day 3 FSH level, cancellation rate per initiated cycle ($6.8{\pm}0.6$ mIU/ml vs $8.4{\pm}0.9$ mIU/ml, p<0.05; 1.5% vs 7.8%, p<0.05). Therefore women with low day 3 serum inhibin-B concentrations demonstrate a poorer response to ovulation induction and are less likely to conceive a clinical pregnancy though ART relative to women with high day 3 inhibin-B and day 3 serum inhibin-B, in addition to a day 3 FSH, E2 and patient age, appears helpful in prediction in IVF-ET outcome.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.383-387
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• 1994

Six heifers each of $F_1$, $F_2$, $F_3$, $F_4$ H. Friesian $\times$ Sahjwal halfbreds and pure Sahiwal with overall average initial age and live weight of $315.6{\pm}134.8 days$ and $143.8{\pm}48.5kg$, respectively were used for this study. The under trial animals were fed according to N.R.C. (1978). The overall average age at maturity, first conception and first calving was $563.8{\pm}116.8$, $675.8{\pm}135.6$ and $956.8{\pm}149.8days$ with live weights as $302.2{\pm}58.6$, $342.6{\pm}41.5$ and $433.9{\pm}38.1kg$, respectively. The overall 305 days and total milk yield for 1st lactation was $2,729.0{\pm}669.3$ and $2,992.7{\pm}377.5litre$ while the FCM (at 4%) was $2,934.2{\pm}410.8litre$. The lactation length was $336.6{\pm}69.6days$. The fat and solids not fat contents were $4.5{\pm}0.2$ and $8.2{\pm}0.3percent$, respectively. The milk production in Sahiwal cows was significantly lower than crossbred cows. The services per conception were $2.5{\pm}1.3$. The overall per head per day consumption of DM, TCP and ME was $10.9{\pm}1.2kg$, $1,399{\pm}199gm$ and $22.6{\pm}2.4 M.Cal.$, respectively. The overall milk producing efficiency for the production of one litre of FCM was $1.12{\pm}0.15kg$ of DM, $142.2{\pm}17.76gm$ of TCP and $2.31{\pm}0.27M.Cal.$ of energy while the feeding cost was Rs. $1.46{\pm}0.22$ per litre of FCM produced. The feeding cost per litre FCM was significantly higher in Sahiwal and $F_2$ than in other genetic groups.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 1995

This experiment was conducted to understand the response on sowing rates at furrow sowing of rice in paddy field. As sowing rates was increased, the number of seedling stand per$m^2$ was icreased, while panicie number per plant was decreased slightly. Leaf area at heading stage and effective tiller ratio were decreased with increasing of sowing rates, but heading date was not defferent among sowing rates. According to sowing rates was increased, culm length, panicle length, breaking strength, culm diameter were decreased, while lodging index was increased. Also, field lodging was observed in the higer sowing rates over 5kg/l0a. Althougth the panicle number per $m^2$ was increased with increasing of sowing rates, spike let per panicle and percent of filled spikelet were decreased. According to the result from the path coefficient analysis, percent of filled spikelets well identified to be the most influential variables on the variability in rice yield, so that improving percent of filled spikelets by inhibition of field lodging was the important matter to increase the yield. The optimal sowing rate and the number of seedling stand were estimated to be 4.5kg/l0a and 105 per $m^2$ respectively.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.145-158
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• 2005

To clarify the growth of Phragmites communis along the distance from the land, and investigate the effects by cutting the aboveground part, the height and dry weight of this species were surveyed from 2000 to 2001 on natural stands at tidal-flat of Hogog-ri, Jugog-myeon, Whaseong-city, Gyeonggi Province. At the stand near the rice paddy, mean density, mean height, dry weight per plant and dry weight per unit area of P. communis were $122.67plants/m^2$, 100.36 cm, 4.241 g, and $537.574/m^2$, respectively. The sizes of P. communis conspicuously increased from seaside to land side. At the stand isolated from the land, these properties were $102.30plants/m^2$ (in density), 43.894 cm (in height), 0.779 g/plant and $73.495g/m^2$, respectively, and the sizes of P. communis at the land side were relatively similar to those at sea side. The cutting of aboveground part resulted to the decrease of density and dry weight per unit area in next year, but did not influence on the height and weight per plant of P. communis.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.240-247
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• 1983

Heritability of flowering date, length of main stem, weight of 100 grains and number of shells per square meter in peanut were high with low local variation. There was positive genotypic correlation between length of main stem and yield, No. of shells per square meter and matured seed ratio, No of shells per square meter and yield 100 grain weight and yield but was negative genotypic correlation between flowering date and yield. With the view of path-coefficients, length of main stem, number of shells per square meter showed highly direct effects at.. all locations.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.177-192
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• 2014

The factors that affect on the ratio of monthly rent to total rents in commercial real estate lease contract was empirically investigated. The theoretical basis for the research was location theory, retail trade-area analysis, bid rent, agglomeration theory, and demand externality theory. The data used in this study included information on goodwills per 3.3 square meters, deposit money per 3.3 square meters, retail rents per 3.3 square meters, and passing pedestrians' characteristics in 96 retail trade areas in South korea. As the results, using the hedonic price functions and multi-regression analysis, the independent variables does affect the ratio of monthly rent to total rents in the each retail trade area were goodwills per 3.3 square meters, deposit money per 3.3 square meters, retail rents per 3.3 square meters, and the number of Small Wholesale Retail Trade Firms at the level of nation. also, the results show goodwills per 3.3 square meters and the number of Small Wholesale Retail Trade Firms are important factors in determining the ratio of monthly rent to total rents in commercial real estate lease contract in seoul. In summary, not only the economic conditions in the retail trade area but also the passing pedestrian count should be considered to determine the ratio of monthly rent to total rents in commercial real estate lease contract.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.149-166
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• 1997

This thesis is studied by means of operation diary of the factory ship GAECHEOG in the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Bering from Jul. 1993 to Dec. 1996, We summarize these results as follows : 1. The factory ship GAECHEOG equipped trawl winch able to haul raw fish 700M/T per day and cargo winch able to unload manufactured goods 900M/T. The crews consist of 290~330 persons. 2. Factory machineries equipped surimi making plant able to process about 150M/T per day and fish meal plant able to manufacture about 70M/T per day. 3. The fishing ground from June to Nov. was the western Bering sea lying in the eastern Kamchaka peninsula and from Dec. to May, the fishing period to gather roe of a Pollack, was the Sea of Ohotsk lying in the western Kamchaka peninsula. 4. The buying catch of fish per each voyage from Dec. to May, the fishing period gathering Pollack-roe, was about 17,000~33,000M/T and from Jul. to Oct., the fishing period gathering non Pollack-roe, was about 10,000~21,000 M/T. 5. Raw fish was the most about 33,000M/T of the 2nd voyage in 1994 and was the least about 8,300M/T of the 1st voyage in 1993. Other voyages were about 13,000~18,000M/T. 6. The Pollack buying from Jul. to Nov. in the Bering sea was 5~7 fishes for one row in pan and body length about 40~50cm, and from Dec. to May in the Sea of Ohotsk was 6~8 fishes for one row in pan and body length about 37~45cm. 7. Surimi production in the 2nd voyage in 1994 was the most about 7,300 M/T, in the 1st voyage in 1993 was the least 1,900M/T and in other voyages was about 2,500~3,800M/T. The extraction rate of surimi goods for raw fish was about 17.4~26.5%. 8. Fish meal production in the 2nd voyage in 1994 was the most about 2,300 M/T, in the 1st voyage in 1993 was the least about 780M/T and in other voyages was about 1,100~1,700M/T. The extraction rate of fish meal goods for raw fish was about 7.3~10.7%. 9. Pollack-roe production was very much from Jan. to Apr. and was about 380~700M/T per each voyage. The extraction rate of Pollack-roe for raw fish was about 1.2~4.9%.