• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.66-70
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• 2019

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is an uncommon form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Most commonly affected organ is the stomach. But, it could affect almost every organ in the whole body. If they have suspicious lesion, excision biopsy could be made. For staging, blood test including blood smear, abdomen and chest tomography or scan will be checked. Also, bone marrow test can be done if it is needed. The patient had visited the clinic for palpable mass on right lower eyelid. With excisional biopsy, it was diagnosed as lymphoid hyperplasia on pathologic test. But 2 years later, the patient came with recurrent symptom for our department with worry. At that time, we recommended excisional soft tissue biopsy under general anesthesia. Unfortunately, it was revealed MALT lymphoma on pathologic finding. It turned out to be stage 3 in Ann Arbor staging system without B symptoms. Hematologic consultation was made and she was treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for eight cycles to complete remission. We report a case of MALT lymphoma on subcutaneous tissue at right lower eyelid previously diagnosed as lymphoid hyperplasia.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 1982

This study was taken to clarify the histopathological changes of pigs naturally infected with hog cholera. Microscopic observations of the necrotic lesion and inclusion body in the lymphoid organs were carried out in the natural cases of hog cholera and experimental cases inoculated with ALD virus and isolated virus strains. Electron microscopic findings of the intranuclear inclusion bodies in the reticular cell of spleen and lymph node were also observed in the experimental cases. The results obtained are as follow, As the histological findings necrosis of lymphoid organs was observed mainly in the lymph follicle. The necrotic lymphoid organs were found to contain 35.0% in the natural and 37.5% in the experimental cases. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were found mainly in the reticular cells of lymphoid organ, the epithelium of bronchiole and alevolus, and the vascular endothelium of brain. These inclusion bodies were seen in 40.0% of the natural cases and all of the experiment. The inclusion body was appeared to compose of activated nucleoli and chromatin granules (interchromatin and perichromatin) by electron microscopy.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1013-1016
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• 1996

Since 1993, sudden and massive death has occurred among penaeid shrimp, Penaeus orientalis cultured in Korea. We investigated the pathological characterizations on the spontaneously and experimentally infected penaeid shrimp. The major gross findings of the spontaneous cases were 2-6mm sized-white spots on the inside of the carapace and reddish discolorization. Histopathologically, massive necrosis of lymphoid organ, degeneration and necrosis of epithelia of epidermis and foregut were observed in both spontaneous and experimental cases. Amphophilic to basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were readly observed epithelia of epidermis, foregut and gills. Electron microscopy revealed enveloped, non-occuluded ellipsoid to rod shaped virus particles, within the nucleus, in the lymphoid organs and interstitial cells of hepatopancreas of both spontaneously and experimentally infected shrimps. The size of the virion was $375{\times}167nm$, and the nucleocapsid was $290{\times}75nm$. The causative agent causing massive death in penaeid shrimps in Korea resembles baculovirus associated with white spot syndrome (WSBV) occurred in Taiwan in virus morphology and gross and histological changes of the shrimps.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1998

Apodemus agrarius Pallas has been known to be a reservoir of hanta virus. But there was no report of immune organs. So this study was performed to clarify the relation between Structure and function of immune organ. In the present investigation an immunocytochemistry procedure was used to examine the distribution of T and B cell and macrophage populations in the thymus spleen and lymph nodes. Most of lymphoid organ showed decreased pattern of Ly1 positive T and IgM positive B cells. Macrophage positive cells were deceased in vivo. The present study gives an overview on the immune organ structure and function of Apodemus agrarius Pallas.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1019-1027
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• 1996

The pulmonary lymphomas were thought to originate in specialized lymphoid tissue that is associated with bronchial mucosa(bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue(BALT)), and they were categorized as mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT) lymphoma. MALT lymphoma consists of a monoclonal population of cell, in contrast to reactive lymphoid proliferation, which consists of polyclonal cells. Lymphoma arising from MALT(=MALToma) represents a distinct clinicopathologic features. It is usually localized 10 their original site for a long time and shows much more favorable prognosis than lymphoma at other site. Some MALT lymphoma could arise simultaneously or successively in different organ or that cells from MALT lymphoma might circulate and give rise to another lymphoma by homing in the MALT of another organ, such as breast, salivary gland, stomach etc, and can be multifocally disseminated or recurred. We report a case of low-grade B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT) of the lung, which was confirmed by open lung biopsy, immunohistochemistry and PCR assay.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.245-251
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• 2007

The object of this study was to evaluate the single dose toxicity of Kong-Jin-Dan (KJD), a polyherbal formula in male and female mice. KJD was administered to female and male ICR mice as an oral dose of 2000, 1000 and 500 mg/kg (body wt.) according to the recommendation of KFDA Guidelines. Animals were monitored for the mortality and changes in body weight, clinical signs and gross observation during 14 days after dosing, upon necropsy, organ weight and histopathology of 12 principle organs were examined. As results, we could not find any mortality, clinical signs, and changes in the body and organ weight except for increases of lymphoid organ weights in KJD-dosing groups. These increases of lymphoid organ weights considered that related to the immune modulate effect of KJD not toxicological signs. In addition, no KJD-treatment related abnormal gross findings and changes in histopathology of principle organs were detected except for some sporadic accidental findings. The results obtained in this study suggest that the KJD does not cause any toxicological signs. The $LD_{50}$ and approximate LD of KJD extracts in both female and male mice were considered as over 2000 mg/kg.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.4 no.1_2
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• pp.67-73
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• 1989

Recently pathotoxicological study of lymphoid organs by administration of some phthalate ester in rats, indicated marked effect of architechure of thymus, spleen, and lymphonodes. Dioctyl phthalate (DOP), one of the phthalate ester, caused statistically significant reduction in the weights of various lymphoid organs. This senstivity of the lymphoid organ to phthalate toxicity which could lead to adverse effects on the immune response and also suppression of immune system. Therfore it is possible the presense of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), one of the phthalate ester as well as DOP, in spleen and other organs might have some moderately effect on the function of the immune system, So our present study was proceeded to assess the effect of DEHP on the immunotoxicity in mouse. In the immune response of DEHP administered mice, HA, HY, Arthus reaction and Rosette forming cell were decreased but DTH was increased. Furthermore, in the DEHP plus ethanol group, HA, HY, Arthus reaction and Rosette forming cell were remarkably decreased and elevation of DTH was inhibited.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.134-142
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• 2010

Although BinSo-San(BSS), a mixed herbal formula consisted of 11 types of medicinal herbs and have been used as anti-inflammatory agent, In the present study, the acute toxicity (single oral dose toxicity) of lyophilized BSS aqueous extracts was monitored in male and female mice after oral administration according to Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) Guidelines (2005-60, 2005). In order to observe the 50% lethal dose ($LD_{50}$), approximate lethal dosage (ALD), maximum tolerance dosage (MTD) and target organs, test articles were once orally administered to female and male ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 500, 250 and 0 (control) mg/kg (body wt.) according to the recommendation of KFDA Guidelines (2005-60, 2005). The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored during 14 days after dosing according to KFDA Guidelines (2005-60, 2005) with organ weight and histopathology of 12 types of principle organs. We could not find any mortality, clinical signs and changes in the body weights except for dose-independent increases of body weight and gains restricted in 1000 mg/kg of BSS extracts-dosing female group. Hypertrophic changes of lymphoid organs.thymus, spleen and popliteal lymph nodes were detectedat postmortem observation with BSS extracts dose-dependent increases of lymphoid organ weights, and hyperplasia of lymphoid cells in these all three lymphoid organs at histopathological observations. These changes are considered as results of pharmacological effects of BSS extracts or their components, immunomodulating effects, not toxicological signs. In addition, some sporadic accidental findings such as congestion spots, cyst formation in kidney, atrophy of thymus and spleen with depletion of lymphoid cells, and edematous changes of uterus with desquamation of uterus mucosa as estrus cycles were detected throughout the whole experimental groups including both male and female vehicle controls. The significant (p<0.01) increases of absolute weights of kidney and pancreas detected in BSS extracts 1000 mg/kg-treated female group are considered as secondary changes from increases of body weights. The results obtained in this study suggest that the BSS extract is non-toxic in mice and is therefore likely to be safe for clinical use. The LD50 and ALD of BSS aqueous extracts in both female and male mice were considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected upto 2000 mg/kg that was the highest dose recommended by KFDA and OECD. In addition, the MTD of BSS extracts was also considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no BSS extracts-treatment related toxicological signs were detected at histopathological observation except for BSS or their component-related pharmacological effects, the immunomodulating effects detected in the present study.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 1986

Four technical grade organophosphate pesticides (Fenitrothion, Fenthion, Dizninon and EPN) were investigated for their effects on the murine immune function. Among the immunotoxicological assay parameters of NIEHS, humoral immune parameter and pathotoxicological indicators were examined in this study. Subchronic exposure of rodents to these pesticides resulted in marked suppression of humoral immune function and moderate histological changes of lymphoid organ any significant alterations of clinical status.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1995

The immune system is partially under the control of the sympathetic and parasymphathetic nervous systems through the regulatory feedback loop. Methamphetamine (MA) is a neurotoxic chemical which affects the neurotransmitter system. The objective of this study was to investigate the immunotoxic effect of MA on the major immune target organ and lymphocyte proliferation to the various mitogens. Female Balb/C mice, 15 to 20 g, were injected subcutaneously with 0, 0.5, or 5 mg MA/kg for 14 consecutive days. In MA treated mice, the body weight gain and relative spleen and thymus weight were decreased in doserelated manner. Histopathologically, there was a paucity of lymphold follicles and germinal centers in the spleen, and thymic cortical atrophy with lymphophagocytosis was prominent. Apoptosis also occurred in germinal centers of spleen and thymic cortex. The threshold and peak of lymphocyte proliferation at various concentration of mitogens showed similar patterns. However, the response to lipopolysaccaride (LPS) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in the 5 mg MA/kg treated group showed threshold and peak proliferation at high concentration of mitogens (25${\mu}g$ LPS/ml for MA vs 15${\mu}g$ LPS/ml for control; 60${\mu}g$ PWM/ml for MA vs 45${\mu}g$ PWM/ml for control), which suggest that MA impairs T cell dependent-B cell function. This preliminary study indicated that MA affected the lymphold organs and immune function.