• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.78 no.3
• /
• pp.180-189
• /
• 2015

Accurate lymph node staging of lung cancer is crucial in determining optimal treatment plans and predicting patient outcome. Currently used lymph node maps have been reconciled to the internationally accepted International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) map published in the seventh edition of TNM classification system of malignant tumours. This article provides computed tomographic illustrations of the IASLC nodal map, to facilitate its application in day-to-day clinical practice in order to increase the appropriate classification in lung cancer staging.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.96-98
• /
• 2011

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma(NHL) is a malignant tumor that is derived from the lymphatic system. The most common symptoms of NHL are painless lymph node enlargement. However, we should not diagnose NHL by only fragmentary clinical symptom and radiologic finding because of the various lymphoma characters. We have treated a patient with such preoperative findings of Branchial cleft cyst. However, the pathologic diagnosis of the surgical specimen was diffuse large b-cell lymphoma.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.275-279
• /
• 2018

Chronic lymphedema is caused by an impairment of the lymphatic system due to primary or secondary causes. Vascularized lymph node transplantation (VLNT) is currently the most promising and frequently used technique besides lymphaticovenous anastomosis. However, the vessel anatomy in the lateral thoracic region is sometimes quite variable. Based on our experiences with vascular anatomical inconstancy in the lateral thoracic region, we planned a lateral intercostal artery perforator flap for VLNT in a female patient with chronic stage II lymphedema of both legs after cervical cancer treatment. After surgery, the patient reported significant improvement in limb volume and the accompanying symptoms. The limb circumference was reduced by an average of 19.2% at 6 months postoperatively. Despite having a short pedicle and small vessel caliber, the lateral intercostal artery perforator flap can safely be used for VLNT in lymphedema patients with anatomical variants.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.165-169
• /
• 1989

Fetal cystic hygroma is a rare congenital malformation of the lymphatic system appearing as a single or multiloculated fluid-filled cavity, most often in the neck, A case of fetal nuchal cystic hygroma was diagnosed by ultrasonography at 22 weeks of gestation and the diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy. We present the case with a brief review of literature.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.51-54
• /
• 2019

Castleman disease is a relatively rare disease, characterized by well-circumscribed benign lymph-node hyperplasia. The disease may develop anywhere in the lymphatic system, but is most commonly reported as unicentric Castleman disease in the mediastinum along the tracheobronchial tree. It is usually asymptomatic and detected on plain chest radiography as an incidental finding. We report an incidentally detected case of Castleman disease in the paravertebral space that was preoperatively diagnosed as a neurogenic tumor and treated by complete surgical resection.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.122-130
• /
• 2013

Objectives : The fact that Primo vessel as a new circulatory system exists in the lymphatic vessels of the rabbits which were treated with sound wave vibration therapy is confirmed with the anatomy of rabbit. Isolated Primo vessel is investigated, particularly focused on morphological features. Methods : Before the anatomy, a rabbit in a cage box was laid on the sound wave vibrating apparatus and then is applied by various frequencies and intensities for 30 min with music that a rabbit likes. Results : Isolation and observation of Primo vessel was easier when the lymphatic circular system was applied at a certain frequency and intensity of 7 Hz and 50. The probability of observation for Primo vessel enhanced to 90%. Conclusions : The sound wave therapy by a vibration apparatus is considered necessary as major process to facilitate the reproducible isolation and observation of Primo vessel.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
• /
• v.56 no.1
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 2023

Johannes Nathanael Lieberkühn was a prodigious anatomist whose meticulous experiments and precise detailing helped in comprehending the microscopic anatomy of digestive system during early part of eighteenth century. Notably, his inventions in the field of microscopy aptly complemented his quest for anatomical knowledge at microscopic level. He designed a reflector (Lieberkühn reflector) which enhanced the amount of focussed light leading to bright illumination of tissue specimen. He invented the solar microscope which provided excellent resolution of minute anatomical details. Lieberkühn discovered the digestive juice secreting tubular glands (glands of Lieberkühn) present at the base of intestinal villi producing epithelial invaginations (crypts of Lieberkühn). He also described the intricate juxtaposition of blood vessels in relation to a single intestinal villi. Moreover, through empirically designed experimental set up, Lieberkühn was able to demonstrate the flow of lymph from intestinal villi to collecting lymphatic vessels. Also, his grandiose collection of laboratory specimens involving vascular anatomy are a testimony of his untiring efforts in academia. His contributions were seminal in comprehending the anatomy of digestive system and paved the way for future revelations. His work unveiled the enormous scope of microanatomy in medical science and catalysed the advent of histological staining methods a century later.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.125-137
• /
• 2011

Objectives : The Primo system is a hypothesis on the new circulation system. It orginates from Bonghan theory. Bonghan theory is about the anatomical substance of acupuncture point and meridian system. It has been regarded as a misunderstanding of the lymphatic system or as a made-up story for the past 40 years. Since 2002, many studies have been published either to support the theory or to refute the old viewpoint. But there are still difficulties about the proper sampling. The purpose of this study is to find out the discriminative criteria of Organ Surface Primo sytem by reviewing the Kim Bonghan's publications. Methods : Abstract of description about the Organ Surface Primo system in 5 publications of Kim Bonghan are weighted by the reverse order of publication. Results and Conclusions : 6 characters of anatomical structure and 11 characters of histological structure are founded as repeated descriptions. We hope that this summarized characteristics would be a good guide to Primo system experiments.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.170-176
• /
• 2013

Lymphedema is a phenomenon in which fluid is accumulated inside tissues due to the damaged lymphatic systems. Lymphedema can cause complications such as lymphangitis, infection, changes in skin texture, fibrosis, and lymphangiosarcoma. In this study, a lymphedema screening system based on the elasticity of the skin is proposed to easily quantify lymphedema. The developed probe consists of touch sensors, a load cell and hall-effect sensors to measure the indentation force on the skin and the return time of the skin. The developed system can be used to estimate the change in the elasticity of the skin to quantify lymphedema. The system was tested with a thyroid phantom and gelatin phantoms of different concentrations and the resulting force and the time were recorded. It was found that the increase in the elasticity leads to a higher indentation force and shorter return time. This shows that the developed system can monitor the change in the skin elasticity by measuring the return time and the indentation force. The feasibility of the system in clinical applications will be evaluated in the future study.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 1978

Adult mice were injected with a single sublethal dose of cyclophosphamide. Effects of the drug on the body weight, spleen weight, and morphology of the peripheral lymphoid system have been analysed. The body weights of the mice given cyclophosphamide(300mg/kg body weight) decreased slightly and returned to normal quickly. Spleen weights, however, changed greatly by keeping the process of decrease, recovery, overshoot, and gradual return to normal only by 20 days. Histologic examinations of spleen and popliteal lymph node showed that follicles disappeared 1 to 2 days before periarteriolar lymphatic sheath or paracortex. At the peak of splenomegaly, the architectures of spleen and lymph node were replaced with the interstitial tissue composed of dense and uniform layer of lymphoid cells. With the return of spleen weight to normal range, the architecturles returned to normal. Our results clearly indicated that cyclophosphamide affected not only B cells but also T cells. These results seemed to suggest that augmentation of delayed-type hypersensitivity by cyclophosphamide may be due to the eliminateion of the suppressor T cells.