• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1280-1287
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• 2020

This paper proposes a vision-based food recognition method for automated production of custom cakes. A small camera module mounted on a food art printer recognizes objects' shape and estimates their center points through image processing. Through the perspective transformation, the top-view image is obtained from the original image taken at an oblique position. The line and circular hough transformations are applied to recognize square and circular shapes respectively. In addition, the center of gravity of each figure are accurately detected in units of pixels. The test results show that the shape recognition rate is more than 98.75% under 180 ~ 250 lux of light and the positioning error rate is less than 0.87% under 50 ~ 120 lux. These values sufficiently meet the needs of the corresponding market. In addition, the processing delay is also less than 0.5 seconds per frame, so the proposed algorithm is suitable for commercial purpose.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.808-816
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• 2018

Bacterial biofilms have been demonstrated to be closely related to clinical infections and contribute to drug resistance. Berberine, which is the main component of Coptis chinensis, has been reported to have efficient antibacterial activity. This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of a combination of berberine with ciprofloxacin (CIP) to inhibit Salmonella biofilm formation and its effect on expressions of related genes (rpoE, luxS, and ompR). The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index of the combination of berberine with CIP is 0.75 showing a synergistic antibacterial effect. The biofilm's adhesion rate and growth curve showed that the multi-resistant Salmonella strain had the potential to form a biofilm relative to that of strain CVCC528, and the antibiofilm effects were in a dose-dependent manner. Biofilm microstructures were rarely observed at $1/2{\times}MIC/FIC$ concentrations (MIC, minimal inhibition concentration), and the combination had a stronger antibiofilm effect than each of the antimicrobial agents used alone at $1/4{\times}FIC$ concentration. LuxS, rpoE, and ompR mRNA expressions were significantly repressed (p< 0.01) at $1/2{\times}MIC/FIC$ concentrations, and the berberine and CIP combination repressed mRNA expressions more strongly at the $1/4{\times}FIC$ concentration. The results indicate that the combination of berberine and CIP has a synergistic effect and is effective in inhibiting Salmonella biofilm formation via repression of luxS, rpoE, and ompR mRNA expressions.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.723-730
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• 2023

Due to the recent development of battery technology, various types of means of transportation such as electric kickboards, Segways, and electric bicycles have emerged, which can be defined as Personal Mobility. In this paper, as the incidence of safety accidents increases due to the increase in the number of users of Personal Mobility, safety helmet devices that strengthen safety capabilities and peripheral recognition functions were studied. In order for the helmet to send a safety signal, Arduino was used as a base to set the value of the sensor according to changes in distance and angle using the ultrasonic sensor to minimize errors and ensure smooth recognition. In addition, a gyro sensor was used to turn on the direction indicator according to each slope. Using a CDS sensor, the LED is designed to turn on when it goes below 150 lux at night. Finally, it is possible to check whether a helmet is worn within 5cm, and when driving at an average speed, the direction indicator light is turned on at 10 degrees, and the LED is turned on at less than 150 lux.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2001

Factors such as temperature $(20,\;60^{\circ}C)$), pH (4.5, 7.0), gaseous phase $(N_2,\;0_2)$, and light (0 lux, 5,000 lux), antioxidants and packaging conditions were investigated to study the effects of above factors on the chlorophyll components in spinach during storage. Regardless of other factors, as the storage temperature increased from $20^{\circ}C$ to $60^{\circ}C$ and pH decreased from 7.0 to 4.5, the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in spinach decreased significantly (P<0.05). The amounts of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in spinach stored in nitrogen gas were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those in sample in oxygen phase. As the light intensity increased from 0 lux to 5,000 lux during storage, the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in spinach significantly (P<0.05) decreased. The antioxidants reduced the degradation of chlorophyll a in a model system during dark storage by minimization of free radical oxidation. The effectiveness of antioxidants decreased as following orders; ${\alpha}-tocopherol$>ascorbic acid>${\beta}-carotene$>catechin>quercetin>rutin>kaempherol>caffeic acid>chlorogenic acid>p-coumaric acid>ferulic acid. The degradation of chlorophyll a in a model system during light storage was minimized by antioxidants due to the reduction of singlet oxygen oxidation. The antidiscoloring potential of antioxidants decreased as following orders; ${\beta}-carotene$>${\alpha}-tocopherol$>ascorbic acid>catechin>quercetin>rutin>kaem-pherol>caffeic acid>chlorogenic acid>p-coumaric acid>ferulic acid. The amounts of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in freeze dried spinach packed with polyethylene bag were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those in non-packed freeze dried spinach. The package of spinach in polyethylene bag with the combination of antioxidants could be used to minimize the degradation of chlorophyll components in spinach during storage.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.277-285
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• 2006

The most biofilm forming bacteria in catheter, Esctherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated and identified from a patient's catheter occuring catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CA-UTI). We examined mRNA expression and its quantification of AIs synthetic genes encoding signal substance of quorum sensing from each bacterial species in order to elucidated quorum sensing mechanism. Both pure cultures for each bacterial strains and a mixed cultures with three were grown for 24 hr and 30 days. Initial densities to be able to detect mRNA expression oil single strains culture were shown at $2.4{\times}10^5$ CFU/ml, $5.4{\times}10^6$ CFU/ml of E. coli for ygaG and S. aureus for luxS, and at $6.9{\times}10^4$ CFU/ml of P. aeruginosa for rhlI and lasI. Also, in mixed culture of three, initial cell densities of mRNA expression were appear to at $7.3{\times}10^5$ CFU/ml, $1.6{\times}10^7$ CFU/ml of E. coli for ygaG and S. aureus for luxS, and at $2.1{\times}10^5$ CFU/ml of P. aeruginosa for rhlI and lasI. Each AIs synthetic gene was expressed in initial cell density and the mRNA expression of the genes were detected continously during 30 days. And then, the quantification of mRNA expression level of ygaG, rhlI, last, and luxS which were related AIs synthesis was done each time point by real-time RT-PCR. Interestingly, the mRNA levels of ygaG, rhlI, lasI, and luxS from the mixed culture was higher than those from each single strain culture. In the case of E. coli ygaG, the amount of transcript from the mixed culture was at least 30 times for that from single culture. In the case of P. aeruginosa rhlI and lasI, the amount of transcript from the mixed culture was at least 40 times and 250 times for that from single strain culture. In the case of S. aureus luxS, the amount of transcript from the mixed culture was at least 5 times for that from single strain culture. And specially, the mRNA expression of rhlI and lasI of P. aeruginosa showed the highest efficency among four AIs synthetic genes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

The experimental study of the white LED lighting focused on the readability in interior space according to age group is conducted realizing importance of the lighting environment and necessity of lighting study depending on the user situation. The results of study represent that a teenager does not show sensitive reaction to change of the color temperature and illuminance. The people in 20s and 30s prefer neutral white LED lighting and are very sensitive to change of the light environment. The people in 50s and 60s prefer high illumination and cool white LED lighting series. People of all ages highly appraise 6000K of 700 lux and 4000K in the illuminance range of 700 lux to 1000 lux for readability. The white LED lighting of color temperature 4000K is estimated as a suitable environment for readability in a wide range of illumination.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.56-60
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• 1986

The purpose of this study is to find the light intensity which induced maximum gathering rate and to observe the variation of the gathering rate both in daytime and at night by using rock trout, He.'~agrammos otakii (Jordan et starks). An experimental tank (360L x SOW x 55H cm) was set up in a dark room. An illumination system was attached to the end of one side of the tank to control horizontal light intensity. Six artificial light sources were prepared by combination of two light bulbs (5 W, 150 W) and seven filters. During the experiment water depth was maintained 50 em level in the tank. The tank was marked into six longitudinal sections each being 60 em long to observe the distribution of fish. The fish were acclimatized in dark condition for 50 minutes prior to the main experiment. Upon turning on the light, the number of fish in each section was counted 40 times every 30 seconds. and the gathering rate was obtained from the average number of fish in each section. The light intensity inducing maximum gathering rate was O. 7 lux (0. 5~1. 1 lux) in the daytime and 5. 2/ux (3.2-7.7 lux) at night. The variation of the gathering rate of fish in illumination time was sma II and showed the decreasing trend.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2007

We investigated mating conditions of photoperiod, illumination and temperature during mating periods, care temperature of queen before mating, mating period and number of queen per mating cage to improve mating rate of Bombus ignitus. Among photoperiodic regimes of 12L, 14L and 16L during mating periods, queen mated at 14L showed better results than at 12L and 16L in egg-laying characteristics and colony development. In case of illumination during mating periods, intensity of 1000 lux was more effective than at intensity of 100 lux and 2000 lux in mating B. ignitus queen. Mating temperature and care temperature of queen before mating favorable for B. ignitus queen were $22-25^{\circ}C$ and $19^{\circ}C$, respectively. The period need to mating B. ignitus queen was 3 days, and the number of queen suitable per mating cage of $55{\times}45{\time}65\;cm$ was 30.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1998

The use of bioluminescence as a sensitive marker for the detection of Pseudomnas sp. in the rhizosphere was investigated. Transposon Tn4431 which contains a promoterless luciferase operon and tetracycline resistant gene was used. This transposon, present on a suicide vector (pUCD623) in E. coli HB101, was mated with spontaneous rifampicin mutant of Pseudomonas fluorescens B16, a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and then rifampicin and tetracycline resistant survivors were isolated. Twenty tow mutants wer isolated from the conjugants between E. coli HB101 and P. fluorescens B16. One of these, B16::Tn4431 (L22) recombinant which glowed brightly in the dark was selected for analysis. The cucumber seeds inoculated with L22 were grown in moisten two layers of filter paper and nonsterile soil contained in half cut PVC pipe. The roots were removed from the filter paper and PVC pipe, then placed on the 1/2 LB media plates. The plates were incubated at room temperature for 16 hr. L22 could successfully be detected in the rhizoplane by using the ordinary negative camera film (ASA100-400) with 30 minutes exposure under dark condition. The root colonizing ability and the plant growth promoting effect of L22 were not reduced compared to the untreated bacteria and wild type. L22 was superior to will type.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.63-82
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• 1993

In the middle areas of South Korea, we collected 308 wild herbaceous species for studying the possibility of landscaping and, growing them at West in Yongin country of Kyunggi province. We observed their vegetative and flowering characteristic. And the result is as follow: 1. 76 species(24.7%) such as Hosta capitata, etc. of them are thought useful for flower-bedding or landscaping for park and ground-covering, while 94 species(30.6%) are regarded useful for ground-covering, potting and indoor-planting. They are Nepatica maxima and Thaliticum minus var. hypoleucum, etc. 46 species(15%) seems to be useful for flower-bedding, ground-covering and potting. 2. 264(85.7%) of all the observed species are for the enjoyment of their flowers, while 36 species(11.4%) for the enjoyment of their leaves, and 9 species(2.9%) for their fruit. They are Viburnum dilatatum, etc. 3. As for the relation of their habits to light conditions, 148 species(48%) grow int he full sun of more than 50,000Lux, 138 species(44.8%) usually in in the half shade of 20,000 to 30,000Lux, 15 species(4.9%) in the shade of some 10,000Lux, and 7 speciese grow either in the full sun or in the shde. 4. some species such as Wasabia koreansa, Allium succuliferum, Asterglehni, Ligulariafisheri, Ligularia stenocephala Epimedium koreanum are considered available as edible plants as well as ornamentals plants, and Houttuynia cordata. Saururus chinensis, Epimedium koreanum need to be further developed not only as ornamental plants but also medicinal plants.