• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2002년도 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.169-169
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• 2002

The mobilizable amount of transition metals is a fraction of the total amount of the metal from urban particulate matter. Although the fraction is small, some metals (Fe, Cu) are the major participants in a reaction that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage various biomolecules. Damaging effects of the metals can be measured by the single strand breakage (SSB) of X174 RFI DNA or the carbonyl formation of protein. In another study, we have shown that more metals are mobilized by PM2.5 than by PM10 in general. DNA SSB of >20% for PM2.5 and >15% for PM10 was observed in the presence of chelator (EDTA or citrate)/reductant (ascorbate), compared to the control (<3%) only with the chelator. The carbonyl formation by both PMs was very similar in the presence of the chelator, regardless of the kind of proteins. Compared to the control in the absence of chelator/reductant, 3.3 times and 4.9 times more carbonyl formation for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively, was obtained with BSA in the presence of chelator/reductant, showing that PM10 induced 33% more damage than PM2.5. However, 4.8 times and 1.9 times more carbonyl formation for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively, was observed with lysozyme in the presence of chelator/reductant, showing that PM2.5 induced 250% more damage than PM10. Although different proteins showed different sensitivities toward ROS, all these results indicate that the degrees of the oxidation of or damage to the biomolecules by the mobilized metals were higher with PM2.5 than with PM10. Therefore, it is expected that more metals mobilized from PM2.5 than from PM10, more damage to the biomolecules by PM2.5 than by PM10. We suggest that when the toxicity of the dust particle is considered, the particle size as well as the mobilizable fraction of the metal should be considered in place of the total amounts.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2007

Water extract of Cordyceps militaris grown upon Protuetja dreujtarsis (CMPD) was examined for the genetic toxicity-bacterial mutagenicity, chromosome aberration, and micronucleus formation. For mutagenicity assay, bacterial reversion test with Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA 1537, and E. coli WP2uvrA were performed. The extract at the concentrations of $50{\sim}5,000{\mu}g/plate$ did not induce mutagenicity at all. Chromosome aberration test was performed by using Chinese lung (CHL) cells. There was no significant chromosome aberration in CHL cells with S-9 mixture at the concentrations of $312.5{\sim}1,250{\mu}g/ml$ of the extract and without S-9 mixture at the concentrations of $1.2{\sim}19.5{\mu}g/ml$ of the extract. For micronucleus test, ICR mice were treated with the extract at the dose of 0.5, 1, and 2g/Kg. The frequencies of the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in bone marrow preparations of the extract-treated group were not increased compared to the untreated control group. Taken together, our results show that water extract of CMPD did not induce any harmful genotoxicity.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2006

Khal was a synthetic congener of halocidin, a heterodimeric peptide consisting of 19 and 15 amino acid residues detected in Halocynthia aurantium. This compound was considered a candidate for the development of a novel peptide antibiotic. The genotoxicity of Khal was subjected to high throughput toxicity screening (HTTS) because they revealed strong antibacterial effects. Mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase ($tk^{+/-}$) gene assay (MOLY), single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay and chromosomal aberration assay in mammalian cells and Ames reverse mutation assay in bacterial system were used as simplified, inexpensive, short-term in vitro screening tests in our laboratory. These compounds are not mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Before performing the comet assay, $IC_{20}$ of Khal was determined the concentration of $25.51\;{\mu}/mL\;and\;21.99\;{\mu}g/mL$ with and without S-9, respectively. In the comet assay, Khal was not induced DNA damage in mouse lymphoma cell line. Also, the mutation frequencies in the Khal-treated cultures were similar to the vehicle controls. It is suggests that Khal is non-mutagenic in MOLY assay. And no clastogenicity was observed in Khal-treated Chinese hamster lung cells. The results of this battery of assays indicate that Khal has no genotoxic potential in bacterial or mammalian cell systems. Therefore, we suggest that Khal, as the optimal candidates with both no genotoxic potential and antibacterial effects must be chosen.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.474-481
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• 2001

염증성 장질환 환자에서 폐주변부에 발생하는 진행성 폐침윤과 기침, 발열, 호흡곤란 등의 호흡기계 증상, 말초혈액내 호산구중다중의 발현, 다른 호산구중다중을 유발할 만한 약제나 기생충 감염 등의 원인이 없는 경우에 메살라진이나 설파살라진에 의한 호산구성 폐렴의 가능성율 생각하고, 약제 투여 중단과 스테로이드 사용을 고려해야 하며, 기관지경을 통한 기관지 폐포액에서 호산구 증가와 lymphocyte stimulation test, 폐생검올 통해 진단할 수 있다. 저자들은 궤양성 대장염 환자에서 부작용이 적다고 알려진 메살라진에 의한 호산구성 폐렴 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 1999년도 The 6th International Symposium on the Development of Anti-Cancer Resource from Plants
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• pp.1-45
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• 1999

To date many kinds of compounds have been obtained from plants kingdom as antineoplastic and anti-cancerous agents. However, there is no special type of compounds for ncancer therapy. Various types of substances are effective for various types of cancers and tumors: for instance, alkaloids, lignans, terpenes and steroids etc. Curcumol obtained from Curcuma aromatica was tested and noticed to be effective against cancer of the uterine cervix clinically Oridonin isolated from Rabdosia ssp.is now investigated for clinical trials in China. Moreover, camptothecine isolated from Camptotheca acuminata is also antineoplastic alkaloid, but is very toxic. Chemical modification has been tried to decrease its toxicity. This compound is now using as clinical agent. Harringtonin was investigated as an anticancerous drug in China. Taxol, a compound with a taxane ring isolated from the bark of Taxus brevifolia, has been demonstrated to have substantial anticancer activity in patients with solid tumors refractory standard chemotherapy. Supply of this drug has severely limited full exploration of its antineoplastic potential. Some efforts are continued in National Cancer Institute NCI) Washington for surveying various Taxus species for optimal taxol content, improvement in semi-synthesis from baccatin III, improvement in method of extraction, and development of alternative renewable resources. Further, there are many compounds which have been reported as antineoplastic agents. On the other hand, we have screened on higher plants collected in Japan, China, Korea, Southeast Asia and South America for antineoplastic activity, which has been done using Sarcoma 180 ascites in mice, P388 Iymphocytic leukemia in mice, Chinese hamster lung V-79 cells, P388 cells and nasopharynx carcinoma (KB) cells in our laboratory, as primary screening. In this meeting, I will present on antitumor and cytotoxic substances of the higher plants (Rubia cordifolia, Ailanfhus Vilmoriniana, Aster tataricus, Taxus cuspidata var. nana, Cephalotaxus harringtonia var drupacea, etc.) selected from above screening tests.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.465-469
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• 1998

저자들은 악성 임파종의 항암요법후 갑자기 진행되는 폐침윤(ground glass & consolidation) 소견을 보인 Pneumocystis carinii(PCP)와 Cytomegalovirus(CMV)의 복합 폐염 환자를 치료하였으나 계속 진행되는 호흡 부전으로 사망하였다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.50-52
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• 2013

Povidone-iodine (PVP-I, Betadine) has many advantages as a disinfectant solution for preoperative preparations, especially for oral surgery. It is widely used because of its low toxicity and excellent bactericidal effect. The authors report a case of pneumonia secondary due to the aspiration of PVP-I, which was used as an oral disinfectant. We present a case of aspiration pneumonia that resulted from the careless use of PVP-I during preoperative preparation. The patient was a 10-month-old female scheduled for elective surgery to correct a complete cleft of secondary palate. During the preparation of the oral cavity for that cleft palate patient, PVP-I was incidentally aspirated to the airway. The lung resistance was noted with positive pressure and pneumonic infiltration on chest radiograph was seen. The operation was postponed and the patient underwent respiratory care. Three months later, elective palatoplasty under general anesthesia was performed without complication. Based on the experiences of this case, the authors advise that throat-packing should be placed before oral preparation to prevent serious pulmonary complications.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.395-399
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• 2016

In the present case, the effect and toxicity of carboplatin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy combined with surgery of mammary tumors in a dog were examined. An 8-year old spayed female Beagle presented with a mammary tumor. Physical examination, radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and laboratory examination were performed. Metastasis of the mammary tumor was confirmed by CT scan. Chemotherapy using a combination of carboplatin and cyclophosphamide was initiated following surgery. The first cycle of chemotherapy was planned to last for 6 weeks; it was planned that carboplatin would be intravenously administered for the first week (1 day) and cyclophosphamide would be intravenously administered for the next 3 weeks (22 days). Between the end of cycle 1 and the beginning of cycle 2, based on CT, it was confirmed that the number and size of tumors were unchanged and the tumors had not spread to other organs. However, at the end of cycle 2 and the beginning of cycle 3, CT revealed an increase in the number and size of mass in the lung. Chemotherapy was associated with adverse effects such as lethargy, anorexia, leukopenia, and hair loss. In conclusion, this case showed that a combination of carboplatin and cyclophosphamide suppressed the development of new neoplasms as well as metastasis for a certain period of time but did not improve the survival time. Although more cases are required, this chemotherapeutic procedure remains challenging.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.49-68
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects of Cheongyeoljohyeoltangkamibang water extract (CYJHT). Methods: In the study of anti-inflammatory effects. CYJHT was investigated using cultured cells and murine models. As for the parameters of inflammation. levels of several inflammatory cytokines and chemical mediators which are known to be related to inflammation were determined in mouse lung fibroblast cells(mLFCs). RAW 264.7 cells and acute inflammation-induced mice. Results: 1. CYJHT showed a safety in cytotoxicity and toxicity of liver. 2. CYJHT effected scavenging activity on 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free radical, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and superoxide anion radical(SAR). 3. CYJHT in RAW 264.7 cell decreased IL-l$\beta$ mRNA expression at 100, 50 ${\mu}g$/ml and also decreased TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA expression at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ and decreased COX-2. NOS-II mRNA expression and decreased IL-6 mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner. 4. CYJHT in RAW 264.7 cell decreased IL-l$\beta$ significantly at 100, 50 ${\mu}g$/ml and decreased IL-6. TNF-$\alpha$ significantly at 100 ${\mu}g$/ml. 5. CYJHT inhibited IL-l1$\beta$, IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ production significantly in serum of acute inflammation-induced mice. 6. CYJHT decreased IL-1$\beta$, IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA production significantly in spleen tissue. and also decreased IL-l$\beta$. TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA production significantly in liver tissue of acute inflammation-induced mice. Conclusion: These results suggest that CYJHT can be useful in treating diverse female diseases caused by inflammation such as menstrual pain. menstrual disorder. leukorrhea. pelvic inflammatory disease and so on.

• Plant Resources
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-45
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• 2000

To date many kinds of compounds have been obtained from plants kingdom as antineoplastic and anti-cancerous agents. However, there is no special type of compounds for cancer therapy. Various types of substances are effective for various types of cancers and tumors: for instance, alkaloids. lignans, terpenes and steroids etc. Curcumol obtained from Curcuma aromatica was tested and noticed to be effective against cancer of the uterine cervix clinically. Oridonin isolated from Rabdosia ssp. is now investigate for clinical trials in China. Moreover camptothecine isolated from Camptotheca acuminata is also antineoplastic alkaloid, but is very toxic. Chemical modification has been tried to decrease its toxicity This compound is now using as clinical agent. Harringtonin was investigated as an anticancerous drug in China. Taxol, a compound with a taxane ring isolated from the bark of Taxus brevifotia. has been demonstrated to have substantial anticancer activity in patients with solid tumors refractory standard chemotherapy. Supply of this drug has severely limited full exploration of its antineoplastic potential Some efforts are continued in National Cancer Institute(NCI) Washington for surveying various Taxus species for optimal taxol content, improvement in semi-synthesis from baccatin 111, improvement in method of extraction, and development of alternative renewable resources. Further, there are many compounds which have been reported as antineoplastic agents. On the other hand, we have screened on higher plants collected In Japan, China, Korea. Southeast Asia and South America for antineoplastic activity, which has been done using Sarcoma 180 ascites in mice, P388 Iymphocytic leukemia In mice, Chinese hamster lung V-79 cells, P388 cells and nasopharynx carcinoma(KB) cells in our laboratory, as primary screening. In this meeting, 1 will present on antitumor and cytotoxic substances of the higher plants(Rubis cordifolia, Ailanthus vilmoriniana, Aster tataricus, Taxus cuspidata var. nana, Cephalotaxus harringtonia var. drupacea, etc.) selected from above screening tests.