• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the menu of meal boxes delivered to low-income children during summer vacation. Out of 114 questionnaires distributed nationwide concerning lunch menus during summer vacation of 2008, 51 (44.7% response rate) were returned. A total of 170 daily lunch menus consisting of 5 day menus from 34 organizations (29.8% analysis rate) were analyzed after excluding 16 organizations that delivered side dishes only and one organization that provided menus of less than 5 days. The mean numbers of dishes and food items in the menus were five and eight, respectively. Over two-thirds (67.1%) of the lunch box menus included only three food groups: grain, meat and vegetable. Only 2% of the menus included all five food groups, grain, meat, vegetable, fruit, and dairy products. In general, the menus tended to lack fruits and dairy products; the percentages of the menus not including fruits and dairy products reached 89% and 77%, respectively. The average number of dishes, distribution of food group patterns, and average dietary diversity scores of the menus were significantly different according to reimbursement rate. The organizations receiving reimbursement of 3,500 won were more likely to include diverse food groups than those receiving 3,000 won although most of the menus were not proper in terms of food diversity anyway. These results suggest that lunch box menus for low-income children can be improved, in particular, by including more diverse food groups.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.49-61
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• 1987

The main purpose of these studies was the improvemen of nutritional supply and of the future physical coditions. The two groups which were regional difference were chosen and research for the nutritional status of elementary school students. The nutritional status of lunch-box between one elementary School of 98 students in the 6th year grade(hence-forward it was called "A-Group"), located at the center of Masan City, being provided the milk and the other elementary School of 134 students in the 6th year grade(hence-forward it was called "B-Group"), located in the small farm and fishing villages of Kusan-myun, Euichang-kun, Kyungnam province, were seweyed from the period of Nov. 20, 1986 to Dec. 4, 1986 and conclusion were as follows: 1. Nutritional status of lunch-box 1) It is indicated that in the case of A-Group, the nutirtional intake except animal protein and vitamin A were lower than the Recommended Daily Allowances of Korenas and in the case B-Group, was also lower than except vitamin A respectively and especially in both groups, the percentage of Fe was lowest and intended difference between A Group and B was that B-Group in the intake of calorie, fat, Ca, Fe and etc were lower than A-Group. 2) The total calorie-intake was short of the extent to approx. 83.8% as compared to the RDA. On the viewpoint at ratio of intake of caloric nutrients, A-Group appeared to be 69.5 : 16.5 : 14 and B-Group, 77.5 : 19.5 : 13 in order carbohydrate, protein and fat. As a result of the above ratio, B-Group depended upon carbohydrate as a staple food more than A-Group. It can be considered that the total calorie-intake is short, and that the amount of lunch-box was greatly insufficient for taking optimal nutrition. 3) Calorie, carbohydrate, vitamin B, and niacin were taken nutrition from a staple food and protein from at similar ratio of staple and subsidiary food and fat, Fe, vitamin A, vitamin B1, adn vitamin C were mainly taken from a staple food. It was indicated that B-Group was higher at the supply-ratio by a staple food than A-Group. 3. The realities of improvement of physical conditions The improvement of physical conditions of the two groups were lower in accordance with Korea Children's Growth Standard, but B-Group was inferior to A-Group. 4. Seeing that the total intake of nutrition being taken at lunch time was lower as campared to the RDA intakes between the two Groups were remakably different, a lot of efforts should be made to improve the calorie-intake for the purpose of the farm and fishing villages. For balanced intake of nutrition, selection of foods and various cooking ways are important, therefore, throughout the expansion of the lowest stratum of elementary schools for milk-supply, high-quality protein, fat, Ca, vitamin B2 and etc should be supplied to the growing students. That can narrow the gaps of the intake of nutrition and physical condition between the students who live in cities and the students who live in the country.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.760-775
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• 1994

We evaluated the nutritional status of 116 Songmyun middle school students. The means of height and weight were similar to the standards published by the Ministry of Education(1991). The height of 79% of the subjects was in the normal range, and the height for 11% was below the normal range. While 27% of the subjects were underweight, 18% and 8% were overweight and obese, respectively. The percentage of anemia was 29%, and the mean urinary urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio was 8$\pm$4. Total daily energy and nutrient intake was 48-103% of RDAs, and especially calcium and iron intake was very low. Carbohydrate, protein and fat intake was 71%, 12% and 17% of total calories, respectively. Breakfast, lunch, dinner and the between meals provided 20%, 37%, 26% and 18% of total energy intake. Energy and nutrient intake from lunch box was 52-95% of the 1/3 RDAs. Our data suggest that the nutrition education for the meal planners of the subjects is necessary to improve the nutritional status of the subjects. In addition, the school lunch program is recommended.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.82-93
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• 1985

An investigation was conducted on Seoulites' meals outside home by age group and sex, and the resultant findings are as follows: 1. To effectively conduct this survey were taken 201 teen males, 242 teen females, 202 young males, 232 young females, 219 men and 195 women. 2. For the kinds of meals they have outside home, breakfast forms 0.7%, lunch 35.7%, supper 22.2%, and snacks 14.4%. 3. Men subjects "lunch out everyday" by 39.9%, young males by 30.7%, and young females by 29%. 4. The reason why they lunch out indicates "convenient" by 37.4%, "carrying a lunch box is inconvenient" by 21.2%, "hard to prepare the lunch box" by 12.9%. 5. Regarding the favorite food taken for lunch, almost all the men prefer Korean food by 73.9% 6. Ra Myun and noodle occupy the highest Percentage of young females by 79.3% ; Chinese food the highest percentage of women by 27.7%, but the lowest percentage come from Japanese food by 1.1%. 7. The preference of kinds of food when having a meal outside home is ascribed to "prefer"by 50~75.7%, the highest percentage of all. 9. The price they pay for lunch outside home amounts to less than 900 wons in teens and young males 1, 000~2, 000 wons in men and women. The price of a meal outside home per capita a day, when taken by family unit, averages to 3, 694 wons. For the number of meals outside home, "more than once a month" forms 41.7%. 9. On the mooted points raised when having a meal outside home, "unsanitary' forms 36.7%, "expensive in prices" 26.1%, "lack of nutritution" 10.6%. 10. Teen males, when viewed from food preference for lunch outside home, take Ra Myun, Ddokbokki, Chinese noodle, while teen females, Ddokbokki, bread, Chinese noodle: young males, Sundubu Baekban, Bibim Bab, Ra Myun, Yokge Jang; young females, Sundubu Baekban, pork cutlet, Bibin Bab: men, Solnone Tang, Daenjang Chikae, Baekban, Kalbi Jongsik Bibim Bab : women, Bulkogi Jongsik, Neang Moyn, and Chinese noodle. 11. When seen from the nutrition of meals taken outside home, the prices of noodle and boiled rice range from 600 to 1, 000 wons, while their energy ranges from 407 to 745 kcal, Protein from 14.2 to 30.3g. On the other hand, the Price of western food averages to 1, 900~2, 500 wons, while its energy ranges from 1, 061 to 1, 129 kcal, proteio from 45.9 to 72.9g. It is revealed that noodle or boiled rice is not nutritious enough to be taken as a meal.s revealed that noodle or boiled rice is not nutritious enough to be taken as a meal.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1973

고등학생(高等學生)들의 도시락에 의한 영양공급(營養供給) 상태(狀態)를 밝혀 학교(學校) 영양(營養) 교육(敎育)의 재평가와 앞으로의 영양교육 방향 제시(提示)를 위하여 그리고 학생들의 영양공급 방향(向上)을 모색하기 위한 기초적인 연구로서 본 조사를 행하였다. 서울 시내(市內)의 남 녀(男 女) 인문계(人文係)와 실업계(實業系) 고등학교(高等學被)를 각각 1개교씩 선정하여 527명의 학생을 임의로 선택하여 질문지를 통한 조사와 아울러 도시락을 지참한 449명의 도시락 내용들을 칭량(秤量)함으로써 조사(調査)하였다. 도시락 내용물(內容物)에 대한 결과는 식품분석표에 의해 영양소의 함량으로 환산하였으며 이를 한국인 영양권장량과 비교하고 남녀별(男女別) 학교별(學檀別) 주부(主婦)의 교육정도별(敎育程度別)로 분류하여 비교(比較) 분석(分析)한 결과 다음과 같았다. 1. 도시락에 의한 영양공급량은 남자(男子)가 671ca1, 22.3g의 단백질(蛋白貿)로 권장량의 55.9%, 74.2%에 블과하고 여자(女子)는 495ca1, 21.3g의 단백질로 권장량의 61.8%, 80.0%에 불과 하였다. 그리고 niacin을 제외한 vitamin류와 무기질은 권장량에 비하여 모두 부족한 상태였다. 2. 인문계(人文系) 학생(學生)들은 실업계(實業系) 학생(學生)보다 Calori 섭취량은 낮고 단백질(蛋白質)은 높았는데 특히 동물성(動物性) 단백질(蛋白質)은 통계적으로 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)(P<0.01)이 있었다. 3. 주부(主婦)의 교육정도(敎育程衰)에 따른 영양공급상태는 모든 영양소면(營養素面)에서 권장량에 미달되고 불균형을 이루어 주부(主婦)의 교육정도(敎育程度)가 학생(學生)들의 영양급식관리(營養給食管理)에 아무런 차이(差異)를 일으키지 않았다. 4. 도시락 영양(營業)은 주식(主食)에 치중되어 있다.(時間)과 관계(關係)없이 Proteinase활성(活性)이 75%로 억제된다. 5)고 추 고추 1% 첨가구(添加區)는 저장 24시간후(時間後)에는 control에 비(比)하여 87% 억제되나 48시간(時間) 이후(以後)부터는 계속 75% 억제되었고, 10일(日)째는 50%로 억제된다. 5% 첨가구(添加區)는 저장 24시간후(時間後)부터는 87% 억제되고 7일(日)터는 Proteinase 활성(活性)이 75% 억제된다. 10% 첨가구(添加區)는 저장시간(時間)에 관계(關係)없이 control에 비(比)하여 87% 억제한다. 6)미 원 미원은 첨가(添加) 농도(濃度)와 관계(關係) 없이 2일(日)까지는 75% 억제되고 3일(日)에서 5일(日)까지는 50% 억제되었으나 7일(日)부터 는 Proteinase 활성(活性) 억제 효과가 없어진다. 미원은 저장시간이 경과함에 따라 Proteinase 활성(活性) 억제효과가 없어진다. 7)설 탕 설탕은 첨가(添加) 농도(濃度)에 관계(關係)없이 24시간후(時間後)에는 Proteinase 활성(活性)이 75% 억제되고 2일(日)째부터는 저장시간에 관계(關係)없이 계속 50% 억제된다. 8) 고초냉이 고초냉이는 저장 24시간째는 약(約) 95% 정도(程度)의 Proteinase 활성(活性)을 억제하나 2일(日)째 부터는 5%, 10% 첨가구(添加區)는 87% 억제하고 1% 첨가구(添加區)는 75% 억제되어, 고초냉이의 첨가농도(添加濃度)가 높을수록 Proteinase 활성(活性)이 억제된다. 9)겨 자 겨자는 저장시간과 별(別)로 관계(關係)없이 첨가농도(添加濃度)가 높을수록 Proteinase 활성작용(活性作用)을 억제하고 식품첨가물중(食品添加物中)에서 가장 높은 억제율을 나타내었다. 이는 노인질환의 특성상 건강검진에 한방의 참여가 필요한 이유가 되는 내용이라 사료된다. 이상에서

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.111-114
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• 1972

There was an outbreak of food poisoning on the 17 October, 1970 among the primary school children who came from a rural area, Yeongi-gun, Choongcheongnam-do to Seoul City on an educational trip. Of the 199 children participating in the trip, 149 cases of food poisoning developed a 74.9% attack rate. The acute onset of symptoms, of abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting and headache which occurred 1-5 hours after eating their lunch suggests that the outbreak was due to staphylococcal food poisoning. The common source of food was identified as the lunch packed in a chip-box which were eaten on October 17 during the trip. Most probable kind of food of the lunch as the cause was the favoured fish paste. The lunch were prepared at restaurant A in Seoul City. One of the personnel of the restaurant had a unhealed cut wound on the third finger tip of the left hand, from which it was considered that the food was contaminated with Staphylococcus during preparation. The chance of multiplication of Staphylococcus to produce enterotoxin in the food might be existed during flavouring the food with some degree of heat, and also during about 10 hours elapsed before serving the food after preparation.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.525-535
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• 2008

This survey was conducted to assess dining-out behaviors and menu preferences of university students in the Seoul area. The results were as follows: 1. 65.2% ate out rarely for breakfast and 73.1% ate out frequently for lunch, whereas 20.9% occasionally ate out for lunch. The frequency of dining out for breakfast was influenced by age, gender, and major but the frequency of dining out for lunch was significantly correlated with age(P < 0.01). 79.2% of females dined out frequently, but 62.3% of males reported doing so(P < 0.001). 65.2% ate out frequently for dinner and 31.6% did so occasionally. 34.2% dined out frequently for snacks, and 53.5% did so occasionally. 2. Factors to consider in dining out were as follows: taste > preference > price > persuasion > nutrition. The motivations for dining out were as follows: convenience > favorite food > difficult to prepare lunch box > difficult to carry lunch box > habit. This factor was correlated significantly with age(P < 0.05) and residence type(P < 0.001). Problems with dining out were listed as follows: unbalanced nutrition > price > sanitation > variety of menu > taste. This factor was correlated significantly with age(P < 0.05), alcoholic beverage use(P < 0.01) and smoking(P < 0.01). 3. Foods selected for meals when dining out were as follows: Korean style > Western > Japanese > noodles > Chinese. The expense(in won) of dining out for lunch was as follows: 3,000${\sim}$5,000 > 2,000${\sim}$3,000 > over 5,000 > under 2000. Problems to be corrected in Korean-style food were as follows: variety of menu > price > using personal dish. 4. Korean foods preferred in each cooking style when dining out were as follows: beef rib > kimchi-jjigae > bulgogi > doenjang-jjigae > bibimbab. Chinese foods selected were as follows: tangsuyuk > jajang myeon > jjambbong > gganpunggi > bokeumbab. Preferred Western foods were as follows: spaghetti > steak > pork cutlet > pizza > ribs > chicken. Preferred Japanese foods in meals when dining out were as follows: sushi > hoe > udong > pork cutlet > soba. Preferred noodle foods selected when dining out were as follows: ddukboki > ramyeon > mandu > guksu > sundae > gimbab >. Preferred baked foods for dining out were as follows: cake > pizza > loaf bread > baguette > sandwich > hamburger > doughnut > cream bread.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.39-48
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• 1978

The present study is concerned with nutritional status and palatability of the packed-lunch in elementary school children in Daejeon city. Rice and side dishes in the lunch box were weighed and the contained nutrients were analyzed by the Food Composition Table. The result of survey is as follows; 1) The means of nutritional values of 523 lunch boxes were calorie 562.48 Cal. percentage of the recommended dietary allowances.(79.11%), protein 19.16gr. (88.43%), animal protein 6.03gr. (83.50%), calcium 110.75mg (48.15%), iron 2.20mg. (56.15%), Vitamin A 328.16 I.U.. (49.22%), Vitamin $B_1$ 0.22mg. (59.45%), Vitamin $B_2$ 0.14mg (32.56%), Niacin 3.20mg. (68.08%), Vitamin C 9.79mg. (73.44%). All the nutrients are under the recommended dietary allowances. 2) The correlation between the boys and girls in the intake of protein, calcium, iron, Vitamin A, Vitamin $B_1$, Niacin index revealed statistical significancy at the level of P<0.01. 3) According to the intake of calorie, the ratio of carbohydrates, protein and fat is 78 : 14 : 8, which is excessive meal of carbohydrate. 4) Among the total intake of the protein consists of 30.20% for the boys and 32.90% for the girls. 5) The most favorite food for boys and girls from the packed-lunch is kimchi, egg, ham, sausage, cuttle-fish, laver and beef, and pork and pickles are most undesirable items. 6) The most favorite snack is bread, cake, ice cream, chocolate, fruits and milk. 7) Both boys and girls like Kimchi, fried and saute foods but dislike Namul (seasoned green vegetables) the most. 8. The side dishes of the packed·lunch lack in variety of cooking method.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.668-676
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality attributes and importance that affects their satisfaction with respect to lunchboxes amongst children from low-income families in Korea. In case of $1-3^{rd}$-grade elementary school, 57.1% received lunch box through the community child center, while 45.2%, 68.5% and 80.7% of $4-6^{th}$-elementary school, middle school, and high school students received the lunch box from home, respectively. Typically, in 40.2% of all grades, the time to eat the meal was within 1~2 hours of delivery, and 34.0% consumed the lunch within 2~6 hours of delivery. With respect to intake of the contents of lunchboxes, 72.0% of the participants answered that they ate 80% of the lunchboxes delivered and 24.9% only ate 50% of the content of lunchboxes. The largest leftover were vegetables (26.9%), and the reason for leaving food was 'do not like to eat (36.1%)' followed by 'no taste (32.6%)'. Regarding improvements in delivery lunchboxes, elementary school students selected 'taste', while middle school and high school students selected 'variety of menu'. The 'nutrition (3.69 point)' of the lunchboxes was the highest satisfaction and the 'variety of menu (3.34 point)' was the lowest. In all grades, 'nutrition' and 'hygiene' were considered to be important as quality attributes of the delivery lunchboxes, and satisfaction was also high. On the other hand, in the $1-3^{rd}$-grade elementary school, 'variety of menu' and 'amount of side dish' were important but satisfaction was low. The $4-6^{th}$-grade elementary school, middle school and high school students stated that 'taste' and 'variety of menu' were important, but satisfaction was low.

• 사물인터넷융복합논문지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 소비자들이 직접 도시락 반찬을 선택해서 도시락을 주문할 수 있는 일인분 도시락 앱을 설계하였다. 현대 사회에선 대가구에서 핵가족, 핵가족에서 1인 가구가 점점 많아지고 있다. 혼자 밥하기 번거롭고 식당이나 배달 가능한 업소에서는 보통 2인분부터 주문할 수 있으므로 혼자 이용하기엔 부담스럽다. 그런 불편함을 해소하기 위해 다양한 세부 메뉴들을 골라 1인 맞춤 도시락을 주문할 수 있는 앱이다. 세부 메뉴를 선택하는 과정에서 빅데이터가 제공하는 정보를 이용한다. 즐겨찾기 기능을 통하여 기존의 주문을 사용할 수 있으며, 빅데이터를 이용한 추천 도시락 메뉴를 이용할 수도 있다.