• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.621-628
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• 2021

혈관 내 초음파 카테터의 주파수 관련 화질 분석에 대한 선행 연구는 국내 국외 모두 미비한 실정이다. 따라서 프로그램을 이용해 영상 화질 측정 방법의 기준을 마련하여 혈관 내 초음파 영상의 화질 분석 관련 연구자들에게 측정 방법을 제안하고자 본 연구를 진행하게 되었다. 대상으로는 혈관 내강 크기가 3.0 - 4.0 mm를 대상으로 혈관 내 초음파를 사용하기 전 초음파 카테터에 공기나 이물질이 들어가지 않도록 충분히 세척해주고 니트로글리세린(NTG)을 관상동맥 내 200 micro를 투여해 혈관을 충분히 확장시킨 영상의 정상 혈관 영상과 병변 혈관 영상을 대상으로 하였다. 기준이 되는 영상 획득 방법으로는 혈관 내 초음파 사용 시 혈관 병변 평가가 가장 우수한 심장 수축기 끝 구간의 영상을 DCAS PACS 프로그램을 통해 후향적으로 획득하여 기준을 설정하였다. 측정 방법 기준 설정 시 정상 혈관과 병변 혈관의 동심원적 및 편심원적에 해당하는 기준 설정 방법을 제안하였고 이 기준을 적용하여 정상 혈관과 병변 혈관의 내강과 외강 관심 영역 및 배경 영역 측정 방법에 대해 제안하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구자들이 고안해낸 방법을 통해 혈관 내 초음파 촬영 영상의 화질을 측정한다면 혈관 내 초음파 카테터의 종류를 불문하고 일관성 있는 화질 측정 진행이 가능하다 생각한다. 따라서 혈관 내 초음파 영상 화질 관련 연구 시 실제 화질 측정 방법에 대해 가이드라인으로 적용시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1223-1226
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• 2004

Previously candidate gene approach revealed estrogen receptor (ESR) locus was associated with increased litter size. In this study, PvuII polymorphisms of ESR gene was detected by PCR-RFLP, and ESR locus was evaluated for its association with reproductive tracts components in the Large $White{\times}Meishan$ ($LW{\times}M$) F2 offspring. Ninety seven gilts with reproductive tracts components records and 136 offspring with performance traits records were genotyped and the results were used to estimate allele substitution effects. The results showed that two alleles (A and B) were identified, and 121 bp fragments were observed for the AA genotype and 65 bp and 56 bp fragments for the BB genotype; the length of uterine body (LUB) of BB gilts were significantly shorter than AA gilts', the additive effect was -1.762 cm; the uterine weight (UW) of AB gilts were significantly lighter than AA gilts' with the additive effect -18.058 g; no significant associations of ESR alleles with ovulation rate (OR), length of uterine horn (LUH), length of uterine cervix (LUC), weight of two ovaries (OW), volume of uterine lumen (VUL), length of oviduct (LO) were observed. BB genotypes gilts need significantly less days to 100 kg ($D_{100kg}$) than AA genotypes (p<0.01), the additive effect was per copy of B allele. Allele B is also favorable for average daily gain (ADG), with additive effect 0.015 kg/d (p<0.05). There was no difference between genotypes for backfat thickness at the 13th rib (SF13), loin meat height (ELMH), and loin meat percentage was estimated (ELMP), individual birth weight (IBW) and teat number (TN).

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of lignocellulosic fillers made of wood powder and inorganic fillers, such as GCC and PCC, on physical properties of papers. Mechanical treatment and chemical treatment were carried out subsequently for generating lignocellulosic fillers, and then inorganic filler and wood powder were mixed together, and then mechanically treated for making lignocellulosic fillers covered with inorganic fillers. Consequently the particle size of lignocellulosic fillers was higher than that of inorganic fillers, which led to lumen loading and simultaneously surface coverage of fine inorganic fillers. Lignocellulosic fillers contributed to the increase of both bulk and opacity of handsheets dramatically, but some of properties including tensile strength, brightness and roughness decreased compared to inorganic fillers.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.239-244
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• 2010

Purpose: Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH), also known as Masson's pseudoangiosarcoma, is a rare disease which is now considered as a reactive process of the endothelium rather than a benign neoplasm. It can occur in any blood vessels in the body but more common in the head and neck region as a solitary, often tender, bluish or reddish nodule. IPEH is characterized by the development of endothelial-lined papillary projections in a vascular lumen, usually associated with thrombotic material, the endothelial cells in the papillary structures showing only slight atypia and occasional mitotic Figures, the absence of tissue necrosis. Methods: 8 patients with IPEH were enrolled in the study from 2002 to 2007. All 8 lesions were surgically excised for histopathologic diagnosis. Results: 4 patients were female. The duration of the lesions ranged from 3 months to 15 years. The tumors were first noted between the ages of 20 and 72 years. 4 patients had lesions on the head; 2 on the toe; 1 on the back; and 1 on the finger, respectively. All lesions were solitary, ranged in size from 2 mm to 27 mm. There were no recurrences. Conclusion: The clinical appearance of IPEH is not specific, presented as a primary neoplasm, and the diagnosis can be established by microscopic examination. Complete surgical excision is the best choice of therapy for patients with IPEH, and is both diagnostic and curative. Awareness of this lesion will prevent incorrect diagnosis and overly aggressive treatment.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.295-298
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• 2017

A 6-year-old female Pekingese dog, weighing 3.85 kg was presented with regurgitation, ptyalism, weight loss and anorexia. The dog was cachexic and severely dehydrated. Physical examination of the dog confirmed upper respiratory noise, which was classified as a stridor most apparent on inspiration, respiratory effort with stenotic nares. Upper respiratory signs were thought to be caused by brachycephalic syndrome. On the lateral thoracic radiograph, the caudal one third of the esophagus was visible as a soft tissue band. CT revealed oval-shaped, soft tissue attenuating mass in size of $2.3{\times}1.0{\times}1.1cm$ arising from caudal one third of the esophagus. The mass was protruding from esophageal wall to lumen and irregular margined with heterogenous contrast enhancement. The wall of cardia and fundus was focally thickened. Gastric lymph node was enlarged with contrast enhancing. On histopathologic examination, esophageal mass was confirmed as papillary adenocarcinoma, and the gastric sample showed the same result. In human, adenocarcinoma commonly occur in esophagus and cardia, but it has not been commonly reported in veterinary medicine. This report described computed tomographic features of adenocarcinoma of the esophagocardia region in a Pekingese dog with brachycephalic syndrome.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1992

폐흡충(Paragonimus westermani)이 숙주의 폐조직 내에서 성숙하는 동안 숙주에게 항체생성을 유도하는 물질의 폐흡충 충체조직내 분포하는 부위와 성숙하는 동안 숙주가 생성하는 항체의 면역반응 정도를 확인하기 위하여 폐흡충 피낭유충을 실험고양이에 감염시키고 발육단계 별 충체와 면역항체를 얻어 조직항원과 면역항체를 반응시켜 환금입자를 표지하였다. 황금입자가 표지된 조직 항원을 전자현미경으로 관찰하고 황금입자의 밀도에 따라 조직성분의 항원성을 측정한 결과 감염군 면역항체를 반응시킨 경우 숙주체내에서 4 주 동안 성숙한 유약성충 조직항원은 표피충의 표피합포체에 높은 밀도의 황금입자가 표지되어 항원성이 강한 것으로 관찰되었다. 8 주 이상 성숙한 충체부터 조직항원은 표피충에 환금 입자의 표지가 현저하게 감소하여 12 주 이상 성숙한 충체 표피층은 항원성이 미약한 것으로 관찰되었다. 12 주 이상 성숙한 충체는 난황세포의 구성물질들에 각각 항원성이 특이하게 나타나며 유연조직의 분비과립과 맹관 그리고 배설낭의 구성 물질들은 충체의 성숙정도에 상관없이 항원성을 포함하고, 숙주가 생성하는 항체는 감염 후 12 주부터 16 주사이에 항체생성이 극대 화되는 것으로 생각되었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.203-213
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• 2001

We investigated the toxic effects of propylthiouracil (PTU) In Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to develop and validate an enhanced Protocol for Test Guideline 407 as OECD Project. Twenty male and female SD rats,7 weeks old, were treated with PTU in corn oil at levels of 0, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks orally. Clinical observation, body weight changes, food uptake, water consumption, urinalysis, estrus cycle and sperm analysis, serum chemist교, autopsy findings and histopathological findings were evaluated in this study. No clinical signs and mortality were observed in the study. The body weights and food uptakes in the group treated with 10 mg/kg/day were reduced from 3 weeks after the initiation of the treatment. The levels of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4, 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyrosine) were also significantly decreased in the group treated with 10 mg/kg/day. Also, the relative and absolute organ weights of thymuses were decreased. Thyroid glands of rats in the group treated with PTU 10 mg/kg/day were bigger than those of rats in the control group. In the histopathological examination, diffuse hyperplasia and hypertrophy of thyroid follicular cells were observed in all treatment groups, leading to the reduction of lumen size and papillary enfolding of lining epithelium. The degree of lesion was increased in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggested that PTU would cause toxicity in thyroid gland and decrease the levels of T3 and T4 in SD rats. However there were no effects on the other organ including testis and uterus especially in spermatogenesis and estrus cycle. On the basis of the results, enhanced protocol for Test Guideline (TG) 407 may be sensitive and reliable to detect endocrine-active substances like PTU.

• Journal of Information Display
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.10-14
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• 2007

A blazed $GxL^{TM}$ device is described as having high optical efficiency (> 70% for RGB lasers), and high contrast ratio (> 10,000:1), and that is highly reliable when used in a large-area laser projection system. It has a robust design and precise stress control technology to maintain a uniform shape (bow and tilt) of more than 6,000 ribbons, a $0.25-{\mu}m$ CMOS compatible fabrication processing and planarization techniques to reduce fluctuation of the ribbons, and a reliable Al-Cu reflective film that provided protection against a high-power laser. No degradation in characteristics of the GxL device is observed after operating a 5,000- lumen projector for 2,000 hours and conducting 2,000 temperature cycling tests at $-20^{\circ}C$ and $+80^{\circ}C$. At the 2005 World Exposition in Aichi, Japan the world's largest laser projection screen with a size of 2005 inches (10 m ${\times}$ 50 m) and 6 million pixels (1,080 ${\times}$ 5,760) was demonstrated.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.3444-3450
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• 2013

Three phase hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME), which is faster, simpler and uses a more environmentally friendly sample-preparation technique, was developed for the analysis of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in human urine. For the effective simultaneous extraction/concentration of NSAIDs by three phase HF-LPME, parameters (such as extraction organic solvent, pH of donor/acceptor phase, stirring speed, salting-out effect, sample temperature, and extraction time) which influence the extraction efficiency were optimized. NSAIDs were extracted and concentrated from 4 mL of aqueous solution at pH 3 (donor phase) into dihexyl ether immobilized in the wall pores of a porous hollow fiber, and then extracted into the acceptor phase at pH 13 located in the lumen of the hollow fiber. After the extraction, 5 ${\mu}L$ of the acceptor phase was directly injected into the HPLC/UV system. Simultaneous chromatographic separation of seven NSAIDs was achieved on an Eclipse XDB-C18 (4.6 mm i.d. ${\times}$ 150 mm length, 5 ${\mu}m$ particle size) column using isocratic elution with 0.1% formic acid and methanol (30:70) at a HPLC-UV/Vis system. Under optimized conditions (extraction solvent, dihexyl ether; $pH_{donor}$, 3; $pH_{acceptor}$, 13; stirring speed, 1500 rpm; NaCl salt, 10%; sample temperature, $60^{\circ}C$; and extraction time, 45 min), enrichment factors (EF) were between 59 and 260. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) in the spiked urine matrix were in the concentration range of 5-15 ng/mL and 15-45 ng/mL, respectively. The relative recovery and precision obtained were between 58 and 136% and below 15.7% RSD, respectively. The calibration curve was linear within the range of 0.015-0.96 ng/mL with the square of the correlation coefficient being more than 0.997. The established method can be used to analyse of NSAIDs of low concentration (ng/mL) in urine.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.304-309
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the maximum screw-in forces generated during the movement of various Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) file systems. Materials and Methods: Forty simulated canals in resin blocks were randomly divided into 4 groups for the following instruments: Mtwo size 25/0.07 (MTW, VDW GmbH), Reciproc R25 (RPR, VDW GmbH), ProTaper Universal F2 (PTU, Dentsply Maillefer), and ProTaper Next X2 (PTN, Dentsply Maillefer, n = 10). All the artificial canals were prepared to obtain a standardized lumen by using ProTaper Universal F1. Screw-in forces were measured using a custom-made experimental device (AEndoS-k, DMJ system) during instrumentation with each NiTi file system using the designated movement. The rotation speed was set at 350 rpm with an automatic 4 mm pecking motion at a speed of 1 mm/sec. The pecking depth was increased by 1 mm for each pecking motion until the file reach the working length. Forces were recorded during file movement, and the maximum force was extracted from the data. Maximum screw-in forces were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc comparison at a significance level of 95%. Results: Reciproc and ProTaper Universal files generated the highest maximum screw-in forces among all the instruments while M-two and ProTaper Next showed the lowest (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Geometrical differences rather than shaping motion and alloys may affect the screw-in force during canal instrumentation. To reduce screw-in forces, the use of NiTi files with smaller cross-sectional area for higher flexibility is recommended.