• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.333-337
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• 1998

This study was carried out to get infomation on the nitric oxide production ability and its formation mechanisms of polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum(PSG) by using murine macrophage cell line. The cultured mycelial cells of Ganoderma lucidum were extracted by alkali, and than neutralized by acid. The extract were passed through the column of DEAE cellulose for more purification. The neutral fraction was concentrated and precipitated with 95% ethanol. The precipitate was lyophilized and PSG was obtained. The immunomodulating effects of PSG on macrophage were performed by using murine macrophage cell line ATCC TIB 71 cells with PSG 0.5mg. PSG alone could not induce the production of nitrite, but it had a significant potential effect on nitrite secretion when the cells were primed and triggered with BCG and Interferon(IFN)-${\gamma}$. Also it was prominent by using calcium channel blocker(verapamil) and adenylate cyclase activator(forskolin).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.447-449
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• 1996

Inhibitory effects of the mushrooms on the growth and urease of Helicobacter pylori (HP), which is associated with human gastroduodenal diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma, were investigated. Most of the mushroom extracts did not show inhibitory effect on HP urease except Coriolus versicolar, Auricularia auricular Sarcodon aspratus and Flammulina velutipes. The extract of Ganoderma lucidum, Coriolus versicolar, Gyropora esculenta and Agaricus bisporus var. albidus inhibited the growth of HP. When their extracts were fractionated, the ether fraction of Ganoderma lucidum and Agaricus bisporus var. albidus were the most effective. Among seven components separated from the ether fraction of G. lucidum extract by silica gel column chromatography, P3 was the most potent: MIC was $200{\mu}g/ml$. However, P3 did not inhibit the urease.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.364-368
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• 1998

The optimum conditions of the production of exo-polymer by Ganoderma lucidum WK-003 and it's hepatoprotective effect was studied. Optimum conditions for the production of exo-polymer (3.18 g/$\ell$) by using shaken flask culture of G. lucidum WK-003 were pH 4.5, 30$^{\circ}C$, 120 rpm for 18 days cultivation. Also exo-polymer productio (7.15 g/$\ell$) was optimized by 5$\ell$ jar fermenter cultivation with condition of pH 4.5, 30$^{\circ}C$, 200 rpm, 1.0 vvm for 6 days cultivation. Glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) activities in serum of intoxicated Sprague-Dawley rat were decreased from 704 IU/L to 330 IU/L by oral administration of the exo-polymer (20mg/kg$.$day)f or 4 consecutive days.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.209-213
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• 2000

The cultured mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum were extracted and the extract was separated into six fractions by organic solvent fractionation. The antihepatotoxic activity of all the fractions was evaluated by measuring activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT). Among the fractions tested, the high-polarity fractions such as aqueous and n-butanol fractions significantly reduced activities of GPT and GOT in CCl4- and galactosamine-intoxicated rat primary hepatocytes. When intracellular synthetic activities were measured by pulsing the rate primary cultured hepatocytes with [3H]-uridine and [3H]-leucine, activities of DNA, RNA and protein. When direct toxicities of the fractions were measured against human hepatoma(SK-Hep-1), the non-polarity fractions such as n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions showed potent direct cytotoxicities even at the concentration of 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. These data showed that Ganoderma lucidum has hepatoprotective and hepatotoxic recovery principles in its mycelia.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.311-314
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• 1985

Ganodema lucidum protoplasts were formed by the treatment of Novozym 234. The osmotic stabilizers such as mannitol were effective enough to produce protoplasts up to 10$^{6}$ $m\ell$. For regeneration, however, MgSO$_4$.7$H_2O$ was suitable. When inositol and sucrose were employed as osmotic stablizers, the regeneration ratio reached to 0.26％. Overlay of Streptomycin sulfate added agar was required to prevent bacterial contamination.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.135-149
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• 1989

The effect of Ganoderma lucidum (Polyporaceae) extract on initiation and promotion of liver preneoplastic lesions in chemical carcinogenesis were examined in male rats. Male Fisher 344 rats, 8 weeks old, were injected i.p. with diethylnitro-samine(DENA` 200 mg/kg) as an initiator and were fed on diet containing 0.02%-acetaminofluorene (2-AAF) as a promoter for 2 weeks (group 1, 2` 2-4 week) and were fed on basal diet (group 3 and 4). The rats in test groups(group 1 and 3) were fed on diet containing 0.1% of Ganoderma lucidum extract for 6 weeks (2-8 week).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.134-134
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• 2002

Although the pharmacology and clinical application of water extracts of Ganoderma lucidum have been extensively documented, little is known regarding its alcohol extract. In the present study, the anti-tumor effect of an alcohol extract of Ganoderma lucidum was investigated using MCF-7 cells.(omitted)

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.230-234
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• 1988

Ganoderma lucidum, a divine mushroom, beared the nonbasidiocarpus basidiospore without the normal basidiocarp. The fungus formed the basidial stroma from the aerial mycelium on agar media, and the basidium was developed from apical cells of the mycelium on the surface of the basidial stroma. One to four basidiospores were observed on a basidium. The nonbasidiocarpous basidiospores formed on the basidial stroma were similar to the normal basidiospores in morphology, although the nonbasidiocarpus basidiospores were slightly smaller in size. However, the number of hollow on the spore surface was remarkably smaller than that of the normal spore. The formation of nonbasidiocarpous basidiosproes was influenced by the genetic factor and the environmental factors such as light, temperature and ventilation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.1106-1112
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• 2007

This report provides the complete nucleotide sequences of the full-length cDNA encoding squalene synthase (SQS) and its genomic DNA sequence from a triterpene-producing fungus, Ganoderma lucidum. The cDNA of the squalene synthase (SQS) (GenBank Accession Number: DQ494674) was found to contain an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,404 bp encoding a 468-amino-acid polypeptide, whereas the SQS genomic DNA sequence (GenBank Accession Number: DQ494675) consisted of 1,984 bp and contained four exons and three introns. Only one gene copy was present in the G. lucidum genome. The deduced amino acid sequence of Ganoderma lucidum squalene synthase (GI-SQS) exhibited a high homology with other fungal squalene synthase genes and contained six conserved domains. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that G. lucidum SQS belonged to the fungi SQS group, and was more closely related to the SQS of U. maydis than to those of other fungi. A gene expression analysis showed that the expression level was relatively low in mycelia incubated for 12 days, increased after 14 to 20 days of incubation, and reached a relatively high level in the mushroom primordia. Functional complementation of GI-SQS in a SQS-deficient strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae confirmed that the cloned cDNA encoded a squalene synthase.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.49-56
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• 1992

Seven white rot fungi (Irpex lactenis, Coriolus hirsutus, Lopharia mirabilis, Schizopora paradoxa, Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pycnoporus coccineus) native to Korea and two famous exotic lignin degradable white rot fungi (Coriolus versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium) were investigated to clarify their physiological and physicochemical characteristics on white-rotted wood blocks. G. lucidum degraded wood blocks more seriously than those by exotic lignin-degrading fungi, C. versicolor and P. chrysosporium, but only slightly decreasecl the strength of wood which was compared to the weight loss, persumably on the account of its small use of cellulose when attacking wood. It is quite interesting to note that the holocellulose degradation rate of G. lucidum was also higher than any of the other tested fungi. The order of fungi, according to the lignin-decomposing rates, was G. lucidum>P. coccineus>C. versicolor>S. paradoxa>P. chrysosporium>L. mirabilis>P. ostreatus>C. hirsutus>I. lactenis. The lignin degradation of G. lucidum and P. coccineus which were collected in Korea was greater than that of C. versicolor and P. chrysosporium. If holocellulose degradation is not considered. G. lcidum has the merit of actual application in biomass conversion due to linin removal.