• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.48-60
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the sex-associated differences in the dietary intake of gastric cancer patients in Korea. Methods: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) the 7^th (2016-2018) were analyzed in the present study. The subjects included 122 gastric cancer patients aged over 40 years (75 male, 47 female). General characteristics (age, marital status, household income, education, food security, comorbidities, alcohol drinking, and smoking), anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, body mass index, and blood pressure), blood biochemical characteristics [fasting plasma glucose (FPG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol)], and quantity and quality of dietary intake were compared between male and female participants. Results: Males had higher rates of having a spouse, prevalence of hypertension, alcohol drinking, and smoking than females. The proportion of males with a normal range of FPG, BUN, and HDL-cholesterol was lower than that in females. The total cholesterol levels above the normal range were higher in females than in males. We also found that females had a higher percentage of intakes below the estimated energy requirement (EER) and intakes below the estimated average requirement (EAR) for carbohydrates, niacin, phosphorus, and iron than males. The index of nutritional quality (INQ) for phosphorus and folate, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) for vitamin C, thiamine, niacin, folate, calcium, and phosphorus, and the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were lower in females than males. Conclusions: In Korean gastric cancer patients, management of comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia, lowering FPG, and raising HDL-cholesterol level management is required for males, whereas management of lowering total cholesterol and raising hematocrit is required for females. The quantitative and qualitative nutritional intakes were poor in gastric cancer patients, especially in females, who had a lower nutritional intake than males. We suggest that nutritional interventions are needed to improve the overall nutritional intake in both male and female gastric cancer patients. In particular, we propose that support is urgently needed for females whose nutritional intake is lower than that of males. In addition, family, social, and national support for nutritional management of female gastric cancer patients is highly necessary.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.10-15
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• 1999

This study was undertaken with 542 fifth-grade elementary school children to investigate the characteristics in lifestyle, eating habits, food preferences of overweight and obese children in the Pocheon area of Korea. Anthropometry was conducted to determine obesity, and data was obtained on lifestyle, eating habits and food preferences by using questionnaires. The prevalence rate of obesity was 19.5% for boys and 8.5% for girls, and 14.3% of boys and 14.4% of girls were overweight. No significant differences was found in the body size and education years of parents, family income and the empolymental status of mother. Boys did not show any significant difference between subgroups in lifestyle, eating habits and food preferences. Obese girls watched TV longer and liked physical education less than normal and overweight groups, suggesting that an inactive lifestyle can be related to girls' obesity in this study. Overweight girls answered that they had significantly lower preferences for empty-calorie foods such as candies/caramels and cookies as well as high-fat foods such as samgyupsal(pork belly) than normal weight girls, implicating the fear of obesity for overweight girls, although more studies should be done including an assessment of actual intake of these foods. The preferences of obese girls for these foods were not higher than those of normal-weight girls, suggesting that the preference for certain foods may not be the characteristic of obese girls in this study. A special program for nutritional education with a different focus should be developed to combat the problems of each subgroup depending on gender and obesity status to improve the physical fitness of the children in this area.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.400-411
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify the physical exercise and the effects of exercise on health. Data were collected from Oct. to Dec. 1998. The subjects were 241 middle aged women living in Seoul and near Seoul. The following instruments were used in the study: The questionniare for physical exercise and health status was combined with simple CMI and climacteric symptom. Analysis of the data was done by chi-test. t-test. and ANOVA with SAS program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The rate of physical exercise was 59.3% of subjects. The mean number of exercise per week was 3.1. Duration at one time exercise was 25.6 minutes. The period of exercise was 18.6 months. And main objective of exercise was health promotion. 2. The physical exercise had differences according to the age. job. monthly income. period of marriage. type of family. and perceived body image. 3. Musculoskeletal and mental complaints were lower in no-exercise group than exercise group(respectively P=0.04. 0.02). According to the duration of exercise. autonomous nervous symptoms was the lowest in 20 minutes group(P=0.04) and psychologic complaints was the lowest in below 60 minutes group(P=0.03). According to the period of exercise. cardiovascular and fatigue complaints was the lowest in 7-12 months maintenance group and autonomous nervous complaint was the lowest in below 3 months maintenance group(P=0.04). This study is only a preliminary effort. so I recommend that the repeated studies be carried out including detailed. comprehensive exercise practice and developing systematic exercise program.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.447-456
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• 2020

Purpose: Food insecurity, which is the inability to obtain food or inadequate food consumption in terms of quality and quantity, has physical and psychological consequences on children's health. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between children's growth disorders and food insecurity in Qazvin city, Iran. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 177 cases and 355 controls of children aged 3 to 6 years, who were referred to health centers in Qazvin city. The case group consisted of children with growth disorders. Data were obtained with the 18-item US Department of Agriculture questionnaire, a household socioeconomic questionnaire, a and growth monitoring card. The data were analyzed with using IBM SPSS Version 22.0, by independent sample t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression. Results: A significant relationship was found between children's growth disorders and household food insecurity with (p<0.05, odds ratio [OR]=17.0, confidence interval [CI]=5.9, 48.8) and without hunger (p<0.05, OR=2.69, CI=1.4, 4.9). There were also significant relationships between children's growth disorders and socioeconomic status (p<0.05, OR=3.4, CI=1.4, 8.5), the duration of breastfeeding (p<0.05, OR=0.94, CI=0.9, 0.98), and children's ages (p<0.05, OR=0.94, CI=0.92, 0.96). Sex and birth order, and the age of the parents was not found to be significantly related with growth disorders. Conclusion: Lower socioeconomic status and household food insecurity were the important predictors of children's growth disorders. Policymakers should focus more on promoting steady employment and income among family members. Nutritional education for mothers is also recommended, in order to better meet the nutritional needs of the children.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2007

Dining-out behavior is associated not only with socio-demographic characteristics such as gender, education, occupation, residence, and marital status, but also with individual preferences, such as eating-out activities, interests, and opinions. We investigated dining-out behaviors and their associated factors. Announcements by health practioners and the Chief of Dong Office were used to recruit 739 residents (217 males and 522 females) in Chuncheon, Korea. Information on the frequency and reasons for eating out, the standards for meal selection, and the overall satisfaction with restaurants, based on taste, nutrition, amount, price, service, sanitation, and subsidiary facilities of restaurants, was obtained through personal interviews with a structured questionnaire. Among all respondents, 46.3% of subjects ate outside of the home once or twice a month, and 33.8% reported that they ate out only a few times a year, or never. This was much higher than the national average of 52.0% as reported by the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHNS) in 2001. The frequency of eating out differed significantly according to age (p=0.001), family income (p<0.001), residential area (p<0.001), and educational level (p<0.001). The most common reasons for dining out were meetings (46.7%), followed by special celebrations (15.4%), and enjoyment (11.2%). Korean food (55.3%) was the most frequently selected type of meal when eating out, and food was most often selected based on personal preferences (41.4%) and taste (29.8%); only 5.5% and 7.7% of subjects considered nutrition or other factors (e.g., sanitation), respectively. The results showed that the frequency of eating out for Chuncheon residents was much lower than the national average; in addition, eating-out behaviors depended on the residents' socio-demographic and personal characteristics.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.4181-4185
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• 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of male spouse caregivers of breast cancer patients in China, assess their quality of life (QOL), and investigate the influencing factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 243 breast cancer patient-spouse caregiver dyads were recruited from four hospitals in Shanxi and Anhui province of China. A cross-sectional design was applied to collect data and the Chinese version of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form (SF-36) was used to measure caregivers' QOL, and the Chinese version of M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI-C) was applied to measure patient symptom severity and interference. Pearson's correlation was used to examine the correlations between caregiver burden and QOL. The multiple regression analysis was used to determine the most predictive factors influencing QOL. Results: The scores of all SF-36 scales were above 50.0, which were much lower than that of general mainland Chinese males. Mental QOL was significantly worse than physical QOL. Spouses demographic characteristics, caregiving-related variables and patient symptoms were related to spouse QOL. Caregiver burden has a negative relationship with QOL. Conclusions: A decrease in life events and patient symptoms, as well as increase in spouse sleeping time and family income, ought to improve QOL.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.92-100
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the cognition level and the performance level of universal precautions on blood-borne infections and to analyze related-factors on the performance level for universal precautions among the nurses. Method: A total of 166 nurses participated in the survey. We performed multiple linear regression to assess the related-factors on the performance level for universal precautions. Result: The mean scores of cognition and performance level for universal precautions were 65.61(${\pm}8.74$) and 53.98(${\pm}8.42$) respectively. The mean score of the cognition level was significantly lower than the performance level in all items. The cognition level was associated with the working field. The performance level was highest for nurses working over 36 years, nurses in university hospitals, and nurses in the operating room. The cognitive level for universal precautions, education level, exposure to blood-borne infection, family's income, and marital status significantly predicted the performance level for universal precautions in the multiple linear regression model (Adjusted $R^2=0.42$). Conclusion: The cognition level for universal precautions is the strongest predictor on the performance level for universal precautions. An integrated approach should incorporate training experiences to improve cognition and perception of risk on universal precautions for preventing blood-borne infections.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.62-75
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• 1998

This study was conducted to reveal nutrient intakes and factors affecting the nutritional status of elderly women in a rural area. The data of dietary intakes were obtained using 24hour recall data which were collected from 244 women subjects older than fifty years old. The data from the questionnaire regarding eating habits were obtained through interview. The education level and economic status of the subjects in this study were very low and education level(p<0.001), occupation(p<0.001), marital status(p<0.001), family size(p<0.05) and smoking habit(p<0.05) were significantly different among different age groups. The nutrient intakes of all age groups were not adequate to RDA level-specially, micronutrient intakes were lower in those in their sixties compared to those in their fifties. Important factors associated with variation in nutrient intakes of subjects were beef preference, regular eating habits, and education level. Therefore it is necessary to focus on subjects with low education levels and low income in order to improve the health and nutritional atatus of the elderly in rural areas. It is necessary to prepare a nutritional education program to establish and maintain good eating habits of the elderly in rural areas.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.535-546
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• 2013

This study was carried out to analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and general characteristics, psychological factors, eating habits, dietary behaviors, and health related quality of life using survey of 335 women aged 20 to 29 years in the Seoul and Kyungin areas. The 335 study subjects were divided into 4 groups by BMI ($kg/m^2$) levels; normal group($18.5{\leq}BMI{\leq}22.9$), overweight group($23.0{\leq}BMI{\leq}24.9$), mild obesity group($25.0{\leq}BMI{\leq}29.9$), and heavy obesity group ($BMI{\geq}30$) by Asian-Pacific obesity index criteria. The family income of the heavy obesity group was significantly (p<0.05) less than that of the normal weight group. Psychological factors, such as stress and depression of the normal weight group tended to be higher than those of overweight and obesity groups. The higher BMI level had the lower self-efficacy(p<0.05) among all subjects. As the BMI level increased, the preference for sweet, salty, and hot taste was significantly high. We found that normal weight women had healthier eating habits and dietary behaviors and a higher level of health-related quality of life than did those who were overweight, mildly obese, and heavily obese women. Overweight and mildly and heavily obese women were strongly associated with decreased physical and mental health related quality of life. Therefore, weight loss is desirable, and is likely to be beneficial for health-related quality of life in obese adult women. In conclusion, this study contains evidence to suggest that obesity management programs including different strategies according to obesity are required to determine the types of programs that are suitable for adult women, prior to their initiation of a program. The findings are helpful to inform researchers and practitioners who are seeking to implement appropriate strategies to create positive changes in the health behaviors of obese adult women.

• 한국농촌생활과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to find out the dietary attitudes and behaviors, intake frequencies of food groups, health-related opinions and practices, and sociodemographic characteristics of housewives in Wonju-Gun rural area. Interviewers asked 413 housewives about obove informations and then recorded. The results were as followes : Using the factor analysis processing, 17 questions about dietary attitudes and behaviors were categorized into 5 groups such as fidelity of diet, the healthful dietary attitudes, the eating practices concerning about items and amount, eating speed and the extent of coincidence in food preference within a family. The role of the housewives was a major factor affecting the dietary attitudes and behaviors. Those who work as housewives and farmers concurrently had good dietary practices concerning about items and amount, but they were interested about health-directed dietary attitudes at a significantly lower level. Food frequencies of 9 groups, animal protein food, fruits and vegetables, milk and milk products, small fishes such as anchovy, soybean curd and beans, seaweeds, vegetable oil, frying food, soybean paste were significantly associated with subjects' age, role, and education and income level. Whether or not intake of soybean paste was considered. protein food intake was altered, and the difference between two situations increased much more as age was higher. We noticed that intake of soybean paste improved the status of protein nutrition. Our subjects ate calcium sources and dishes using vegetable oil insufficiently. Those who had much interests for good health, revealed to be an active practitioner in the aspects of healthful dietary attitudes, but fidelity of diet, eating practices concerning about items and amount showed significant association with balanced life style.