• 소성∙가공
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.214-221
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• 2011

In recent years, automotive seat components have been manufactured by the fine blanking process, allowing an improvement of dimensional accuracy at sheared surface in series production. However, the rollover has increased and die failures have occurred more frequently when manufacturing gears by fine blanking. Consequently, important goals for manufacturing seat recliner parts with gears have been to decrease the rollover as well as to improve the tool life. In this study, the half blanking and shaving processes were introduced to improve aforementioned problems for the lower tooth, the main component of a seat recliner. For this purpose, the half blanking process was optimized using the finite element (FE) analysis and design of experiment (DOE). The optimized conditions resulting from this study were an offset of 0.2 mm, a clearance of 0.1 mm and a penetration depth of 4.5 mm. Fine blanking experiment conducted under the optimal condition resulted in a rollover depth decrease from 1.9 to 1.3 mm, and no die failure occurrence.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제24권9B호
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• pp.1697-1703
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 반화소 위치에서의 평균 절대 오차 (mean absolute difference; MAD)의 최소 범위를 이용한 고속 반화소 단위의 블록 정합 알고리듬을 제안한다. 제안한 방법에서는 반화소 단위의 MAD의 최소 범위를 화소 단위의 움직임 추정으로 얻어진 MAD들을 이용하여 구한 후, 반화소 단위의 MAD의 최소 범위가 화소 단위의 움직임 추정으로 구한 기준 MAD보다 작은 탐색점에 대해서만 블록 정합을 행하였다. 제안한 방법의 성능을 평가하기 위한 컴퓨터 모의 실험결과로부터 제안한 방법이 기존의 방법과 동일한 성능을 유지하면서도 많은 계산량을 줄일 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the measurement data of 13 ~ 18 year old male students and to characterize the body shape of the lower body, Through this, I tried to provide basic data for the production of pants for adolescent men's students. As a result of analyzing the body shape factor of the lower half, two factors were classified. 'Vertical factor' of the lower body composed of the circumference, thickness, and width, and the 'horizontal factor' of the lower body composed of the length and height. The body shape of the lower half was classified into four categories according to the circumference and length of the lower half of the male students, such as 'short bird legs', 'long crane legs', 'short pillar' and 'long pillar'. In the study of Hong Eun-hee (2005), body type was classified according to horizontal factor and vertical factor like this study. By age, boys aged 13 to 14 can see that the lower body is thin and short, the lower body is thin and long body is 15-16 years old, and the lower body is relatively thick and long body is 17-18 years old. As the age increases, the growth in the vertical direction occurs first and the growth in the horizontal direction occurs. It is thought that it is necessary to set a different amount of allowance for setting the length and the circumference according to the age of the youth. When the age is young, the amount of allowance in the circumferential direction should be increased, and the amount of allowance in the longitudinal direction after 15 years of age should be increased more than other age groups.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the direct measurement data of 20-25 years male university students of 7th Size Korea data and to characterize and to type the body shape of lower body. It was to provide basic data for male university students' pants pattern production. The lower body part consisted of the 'horizontal factor' of the lower body composed of circumference, thickness, width, and 'vertical factor' of the lower body composed of the length and height. This was consistent with the analysis of the body shape factor of the lower half of male adolescents. The lower body shape was classified into four types. Type 1 was thick and relatively long in the lower body and was named 'thick long leg'. Type 2 was named 'short bird legs' because the lower body was thin and relatively short. Type 3 was relatively thin and long, so the lower body was named 'long crane leg'. In Type 4, the lower body was relatively thick and short, which means 'short pillar leg'. In the case of 20-25 year-old male university students, they have different body shapes depending on the girth and length of the lower half of their body as they have reached adulthood. Therefore, it would be necessary to provide a sales system that allows the repair of the length of the pants to be facilitated, and the length of the pants to be repaired when the pants are selected according to the circumference. Future studies will need to classify the body shape according to angle and flatness.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.542-545
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• 2011

Half-Heusler alloys are a potential thermoelectric material for use in high-temperature applications. In an attempt to produce half-Heusler thermoelectric materials with fine microstructures, TiCoSb was synthesized by the mechanical alloying of stoichiometric elemental powder compositions and then consolidated by vacuum hot pressing. The phase transformations during the mechanical alloying and hot consolidation process were investigated using XRD and SEM. A single-phase, half- Heusler allow was successfully produced by the mechanical alloying process, but a minor portion of the second phase of the CoSb formation was observed after the vacuum hot pressing. The thermoelectric properties as a function of the temperature were evaluated for the hot-pressed specimens. The Seebeck coefficients in the test range showed negative values, representing n-type conductivity, and the absolute value was found to be relatively low due to the existence of the second phase. It is shown that the electrical conductivity is relatively high and that the thermal conductivities are compatibly low in MA TiCoSb. The maximum ZT value was found to be relatively low in the test temperature range, possibly due to the lower Seebeck coefficient. The Hall mobility value appeared to be quite low, leading to the lower value of Seebeck coefficient. Thus, it is likely that the single phase produced by mechanical alloying process will show much higher ZT values after an excess Ti addition. It is also believed that further property enhancement can be obtained if appropriate dopants are selectively introduced into this MA TiCoSb System.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.217-228
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• 1995

For the purpose of estimating the sex and age in the remains of Catholic martyrs, the authors investigated size, shape and attrition of teeth, morphology of pulp cavity, and the changes of jaws. The 22 teeth, upper and lower jaws, the 23 teeth, upper and lower jaws, the 6 teeth and the 1 tooth were referred from The Pusan Research Institute for Church History in Pusan Catholic Parish. The results were as follows : 1. The 22 teeth, upper and lower jaws presumed to be Lee, Kwan Bok were evaluated to be in the latter half of female thirties. 2. The 23 teeth, upper and lower jaws presumed to be Kim, So ja, Maria were evaluated to be in the middle of male thirties. 3. The 6 teeth presumed to be lee, Jung Suk were evaluated to be in the earlier half of male forties. 4. The 1 tooth presumed to be Lee, Sam jo was evaluated to be in the latter half of male forties.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.395-402
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate change of mechanical energy before and after training of half vinyasa yoga. Thirteen subjects (height: $163.4{\pm}3.9$ cm, body mass: $54.9{\pm}7.3$ kg, age: $20.0{\pm}0.49$ yrs) participated in this experiment. The motions of half vnyasa yoga were captured with Vicon system and parameters were calculated with Visual-3D. After training of half vinyasa yoga, the mechanical energies of body segments were increased and increments of mechanical energies in the lower segments were greater than the upper segments. The phase increments of mechanical energies increased phase 1, phase 2, and phase 3 in order. After training of half vinyasa yoga, phase contributions of body segments were similar before training of half vinyasa yoga. The contribution of mechanical energy on trunk segment in body was the greatest contribution of upper segments; also that of mechanical energy on thigh segment in body was the greatest contribution of lower segments. Before training, the coefficient of correlation between vertical center of gravity (CoGz) and mechanical energy of phase 3 was a -.559, but after training, the coefficient of correlation between CoGz and mechanical energy of phase 2 was a .587. These findings suggest that the training of half vinyasa yoga may be increasing the mechanical energies of body segments.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.107-123
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• 1996

The position effects on the abortion of flowers, fruits, and ovules were examined in relation to the resource limitation hypothesis using a temperate legume species, Vicia cracca. Fifty plants were randomly sampled from a natural population located at the Belmont Conservation Site in Belmont, MA, USA. Due to indeterminant growth and acropetal flowering of this species, the position of flower or fruit on the plant was able to be coded by the combination of architectural levels such as plant half (lower and upper half) and inflorescence half (lower and upper half) within each plant half. Overall, only 17.3% of the flowers on an inflorescence began to develop into fruits, while overall 36.0% of the fruits initiated failed to mature. Consequently, 11.5% of the flowers successfully matured into fruits. The mean flower number per inflorescence differed significantly among plants as well as between plant halves. Although the probability of fruit initiation was higher in the lower halves of both plant and inflorescence than in the upper halves of the latter, fruit abortion rate differed significantly only between plant halves. The overall mean seed set was 33.6%, implying that about two out of six ovules in a fruit matured into seeds. The seed set was independent of both plant identity and architectural level unlike other reproductive characters examined. When the ovule developmental stage was examined on data pooled over all fruits, the proportion of ovules in varying developmental stages decreased in order of early abortion, seed maturation, late abortion, and seed predation (48.4, 34.9, 12.2, and 4.5%, respectively). A within-fruit ovule position was also used as a class variable for the analysis of position effects on ovule development. All architectural levels considered exerted singificant influence over the ovule development. In particular, ovule development was strongly affected by the within-fruit ovule position. Ovules in both extreme ends within a fruit tended to abort early, while those in the middle position were more likely to mature into seeds. The strong position effects detected from the flowering to seed maturation stage were interpreted as an indication of competitive interaction among reproductive characters which are largely constrained by plant architecture.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.305-320
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• 2015

The present paper is devoted to study SH-wave propagation in heterogeneous layer laying over an inhomogeneous isotropic elastic half-space. The dispersion relation for propagation of said waves is derived with Green's function method and Fourier transform. As a special case when the upper layer and lower half-space are homogeneous, our derived equation is in agreement with the general equation of Love wave. Numerically, it is observed that the velocity of SH-wave increases with the increase of inhomogeneity parameter.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.854-856
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Slim Cushion on the decrease of the girth of the lower half of body. We used Slim Cushion for health appliance of woman's hypogastrium. We collected 30 woman patients with obesity and then expremented Slim Cushion 15 mintues × 3 times I day, during 12 weeks. We checked the weight of body, the girth of navel and pelvis and thigh for every week. The results were as follows: The decrease of weight was not significant. The decrease of navel girth was significant change 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 week times (p<0.05) and very significant 9, 10, 11, 12 week times. The decrease of pelvis girth was significant change 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 week times (p<0.05) and very significant 9, 10, 11, 12 week times(p<0.01). The decrease of thigh girth was significant change 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 week times (p<0.05) and very significant 12 week times(p<0.01).