• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.278-290
• /
• 1997

The purposes of this study were to evaluate and compare the pulpal anesthesia induced by an inferior alveolar nerve block and that by Gow-Gates technique, and to investigate the relationship between pulpal anesthesia and intraoral soft tissue responses. After one side of mandibule was anesthetized with inferior alveolar nerve block or Gow-Gates technique using 2 % lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine in 19 volunteers of ages between 24 and 29 (16 males and 3 females, average age 25.9 yrs.), electric pulp tests were done on the canine teeth of the anesthetized side and contralateral one before, at 1 min, continued at every 5 minutes until 60 min, and every 10 minutes until 100 min after completion of local anesthetic injection. Degree of pulpal anesthesia was classified as anesthetic failure, possible anesthesia and complete anesthesia by the criteria based on the thresholds to electric pulp test of contralateral canine and the currents of the electric pulp tester. Subjective signs on the lower lip and tongue were checked and prick-pin tests were done on the buccal gingiva of the first molar, buccal and lingual gingiva of the canine tooth at 5, 10 and 20 min after the completion of anesthetic injection. Thresholds to electric pulp test, degree of pulpal anesthesia and relationship between the pulpal anesthesia and soft tissue responses were analyzed with SPSS, paired t-test, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test and correlation analysis. The results were as follows : No significant differences were found in the peak thresholds to electric pulp test, in the induction time to it and in the depth of pulpal anesthesia between inferior alveolar nerve block and Gow-Gates technique (p>0.05). There was no significant relationship between pulpal anesthesia and soft tissue responses in both inferior nerve block and Gow-Gates technique.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.383-386
• /
• 2008

Osteomyelitis is considered an inflammatory condition of bone that usually begins as an infection of the medullary cavity and quickly extends to periosteum of the area. Early acute osteomyelitis of the mandible is usually characterized by deep, intense pain, high intermittent fever, paresthesia or anesthesia of the lower lip and a clearly identifiable cause. If the disease is not controlled or inadequately treated after onset, acute osteomyelitis progresses to a chronic form. The diagnosis of mandibular osteomyelitis rests on processing for identification of microbiologic isolates and on imaging studies to determine the extent of disease. Mandibular osteomyelitis often is associated with involvement of the masticator space and can exhibit symtoms similar to temporomandibular disorder including orofacial pain and limited mouth opening. Advanced imaging modalities can be helpful in obtaining a proper diagnosis.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.430-440
• /
• 1998

This study was performed to establish the cephalometric standards and to compare measurement of Korean children in the Field I, II, III, IV, V, VI to Japanese and Caucasians by the Ricketts' analysis. Lateral cephalograms of 24 males and 27 females with normal occlusion and acceptable profile 9 years of age were obtained and statistically analyzed. 1. Norms of Korean males, females and both sexes at 9 years old were established. 2. Significant differences between male and female exist in incisor overjet, maxillary incisor protrusion, mandibular incisor inclination, cranial deflection, corpus length. Maxillary incisor of male was more protrude and overjet was larger than female 3. Korean was similar to Japanese but different from Caucasian. Compare with facial axis and facial depth, chin was retruded dolichofacial pattern and due to large mandibular plane angle and small corpus length, mandibular plane was inclined and mandible body was short. Compare with porion location, ramus position and posterior facial height, ramus was long and located posterior. Compare with maxillary depth and maxillary height, maxilla was located posterior and inferior. The distance between the upper molar and PTV was short, the amount of distalization is limited. Maxillary and mandibular incisor were more protruded and also lower lip was more protruded to esthetic line 4. In comparison between 9 and 11 years old, growth changes of facial depth, mandibular plane angle, corpus length and upper molar position were larger than that of Japanese and Caucasians.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.130-137
• /
• 2011

Pedicularis growing at Mt. Halla of Jeju Island is known as an endemic species of P. hallaisanensis Hurusawa. On the other hand, the plant is morphologically similar to P. amoena, P. spicata, and P. verticillata in gross morphology, so the taxonomic treatment of the taxon remains controversial. To clarify the taxonomic position of the plants, we examined external morphological characters and nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences for P. hallaisanensis and its related species. The plants of Mt. Halla are clearly different from P. amoena and P. verticillata in the morphology of calyx lobes, the length of galea and lower lip, density of glandular hairs on plants, presences of the radical leaves after anthesis and molecular data. However, P. hallaisanensis is not clearly separated from P. spicata distributed in N. E. Asia on external morphological characters and DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacers. In this study, the morphological and molecular data suggested that P. hallaisanensis should be merged into the former species.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.673-677
• /
• 2003

Congenital aglossia is a very rare condition. The oral manifestations of an aglossia include micrognathia, high arched or cleft palate, defects of the lower lip, an absence of lateral incisors and a mandibular growth deficiency. Although the etiology of congenital aglossia is unclear, both genetic and teratogenic mechanisms have been proposed. Treatment of aglossia patients depends on the nature and severity of the condition which includes surgical rehabilitation of the tongue tip to some extent, orthopedic expansion of the mandible to guide mandibular growth, and mandibular expansion by a distraction osteogenesis. In the present case, a 6 year old female aglossia patient with situs inversus was treated. A bonded hyrax screw was used to increase her mandibular primary intercanine width and intermolar width. A second phase orthodontic and surgical treatment will be possible after some retention phase.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.82-88
• /
• 2014

Background: The chin shape and position is important in determining the general shape of the face, and augmentation genioplasty is performed alone or in combination with other aesthetic procedures. However, augmentation genioplasty using osteotomy is an invasive and complex procedure with the potential to damage mentalis muscle and mental nerve, to affect chin growth, and prolonged recovery. Our aim was to present our experience with a modified augmentation genioplasty procedure for hypoplastic chins using a Gore-Tex implant. Methods: Two vertical slit incisions were made at the canine level to create a supra-periosteal pocket between the incisions, preserving the periosteum and mentalis muscle. Minimal sub-periosteal dissection was performed lateral to the incisions along the mandibular border. The both wings of implant were inserted under the periosteum to achieve a stable dual plane implantation. Results: In total, 47 patients underwent dual plane chin augmentation using a Gore- Tex implant between January 2008 and May 2013. The mean age at operation was 25.77 years (range, 15-55 years). There were 3 cases of infection; one patient was treated with antibiotics, the others underwent implant removal. Additionally, two patients complained of postoperative parasthesia that spontaneously improved without any additional treatment. Most patients were satisfied with the postoperative outcomes, and no chin growth problems were observed among the younger patients. Conclusion: Dual plane Gore-Tex chin augmentation is a minimally-invasive operation that is simple and safe. All implants yielded satisfactory results with no significant complications such as mental nerve injury, lower lip incompetence, or chin growth limitation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.19-32
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to know the proper diagnosis and to establish the treatment plan of the osteosarcoma in the jaws through the clinical, radiological, and histopathologic considerations. The authors compared and analyzed the clinicoradiologic features of the six cases of osteosarcoma, diagnosed at the Dental college hospital in Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, during the period from 1975 to 1995. The obtained results were as follows; 1. Osteosarcoma occurred in the mean age, 26.2 years, ranged from 14 to 35 years, and equally in men and women. 2. The swelling was the most common frequent presenting complaints. Other reported symtoms included pain, parasthesia of the lower lip or the lesion. 3. The average interval was seen 3.5 months before the patient had been seen by a doctor. 4. The frequency of the lesions was equally in the maxilla, 3 cases and mandible, 3 cases. 5. Radiologically, osteolytic lesions were 2 cases, mixed lesion 1 case, and sclerotic lesion were 3 cases. Periosteal reaction features were shown in 4 cases. A widening of the periodotnal lignament space, one of the earliest signs were shown in 2 cases. 6. Histopathologically, osteoblastic osteosarcoma which is seen in the 3 cases was the most frequent histologic type. Chondroblastic osteosarcoma were seen in the 2 cases. There was no correlation between the radiologic appearance and hitopathologic type.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.23 no.7
• /
• pp.575-579
• /
• 2010

The technologies of Ni/Cu plating contact is attributed to the reduced series resistance caused by a better contact conductivity of Ni with Si and the subsequent electroplating of Cu on Ni. The ability to pattern narrower grid lines for reduced light shading was combined with the lower resistance of a metal silicide contact and an improved conductivity of the plated deposit. This improves the FF (fill factor) as the series resistance is reduced. This is very much requried in the case of low concentrator solar cells in which the series resistance is one of the important and dominant parameter that affect the cell performance. A Selective emitter structure with highly dopeds regions underneath the metal contacts, is widely known to be one of the most promising high-efficiency solution in solar cell processing In this paper the formation of a selective emitter, and the nickel silicide seed layer at the front side metallization of silicon cells is considered. After generating the nickel seed layer the contacts were thickened by Cu LIP (light induced plating) and by the formation of a plated Ni/Cu two step metallization on front contacts. In fabricating a Ni/Cu plating metallization cell with a selective emitter structure it has been shown that the cell efficiency can be increased by at least 0.2%.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.69-74
• /
• 2021

Background In inferomedially rotated zygomatic fractures sticking in the maxillary sinus, it is often difficult to achieve complete reduction only by conventional intraoral reduction. We present a new intraoral reduction technique using a Kirschner wire and its clinical outcome. Methods Among 39 inferomedially impacted zygomatic fractures incompletely reduced by a simple intraoral reduction trial with a bone elevator, a Kirschner wire (1.5 mm) was vertically inserted from the zygomatic body to the lateral orbital rim in 17 inferior-dominant rotation fractures and horizontally inserted to the zygomatic arch in nine medial-dominant and 13 bidirectional rotation fractures. A Kirschner wire was held with a wire holder and lifted in the superolateral or anterolateral direction for reduction. Following reduction of the zygomaticomaxillary fracture, internal fixation was performed. Results Fractures were completely reduced using only an intraoral approach with Kirschner wire reduction in 33 cases and through an additional lower lid or transconjunctival incision in six cases. There were no surgical complications except in one patient with undercorrection. Postoperative 6-month computed tomography scans showed complete bone union and excellent bone alignment. Four patients experienced difficulty with upper lip elevation; however, these problems spontaneously resolved after manual tissue lump massage and intralesional steroid (Triamcinolone) injection. Conclusions We completely reduced infraorbital rim fractures, zygomaticomaxillary buttresses, and zygomaticofrontal suture fractures in 84% of patients through an intraoral approach alone. Intraoral Kirschner wire reduction may be a useful option by which to obtain effective and powerful reduction motion of an inferomedially rotated zygomatic body.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.10 no.12
• /
• pp.156-165
• /
• 2020

330 Korean adult women were examined the correlation between degree of makeup and makeup satisfaction before/after wearing masks due to COVID-19 and the moderating effect of mandatory/voluntary goal-oriented attitude toward makeup. The study found that lip makeup(p<.001) was significant variable in makeup satisfaction before COVID-19, and eyebrow makeup(0<.002) was significant after COVID-19. Although moderating effect of mandatory goal-oriented attitude, which works between degree of makeup before/after COVID-19 and makeup satisfaction was not significant, but moderating effect of voluntary goal-oriented attitude appeared to be significant before(p<.000) and after(p<.000) COVID-19. And the degree of makeup after COVID-19 was lower than before(p<.000). If one believe that makeup is for one's own satisfaction, degree of makeup can be significant effect on the makeup satisfaction, but actual behavior has shown that degree of makeup has decreased since wearing masks because of COVID-19. I hope this research will be used as marketing material for beauty and cosmetics industry.