• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

Climate change is the issue that attracts the most attention in the field of environment, as well as the most challenging task faced by the human race. There are various ways to resolve this issue. South Korea has established the primary and secondary national climate change adaptation plans at the national level, and is making it compulsory for each local government (lower and municipal-level) to establish climate change adaptation plans. Climate change vulnerability assessment plays an essential role in establishing climate change adaptation action plans. However, vulnerability assessment has a difficulty performing individual assessments since the results are produced through complex calculations of multiple impact factors. Accordingly, this study developed a web-based supporting tool(VESTAP) for climate change vulnerability assesment that can be used by lower and municipal-level local governments. The VESTAP consists of impact DB and vulnerability assessment and display tool. The index DB includes total 455 impacts of future climate data simulated with RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) 4.5 and 8.5, atmospheric environment data, other humanities and social statistics, and metadata. The display tool has maximized convenience by providing various analytical functions such as spatial distribution, bias and schematization of each vulnerability assessment result. A pilot test of health vulnerability assessment by particulate matters in Sejong Metropolitan Autonomous City was performed using the VESTAP, and Bukang-myeon showed the highest vulnerability. By using the developed tool, each local government is expected to be able to establish climate change adaptation action plans more easily and conveniently based on scientific evidence.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.35-51
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• 2022

This study investigates how much building area among total building area concentrates on urban region in a local government region and then, I applies 'The Index of Building Concentration in Urban Area' for the first time in a study. The finding shows that Cities' Index is higher than counties', and also shows that a lower index is associated with a higher rate of older adult population, and is also associated with higher general budget expenditure by the local government based on the index of Building Concentration in Urban Area in Gyeongbuk Province. This study provides evidence that the Index of Building Concentration in Urban Area can be utilized in measuring shrinkage level, effectiveness of municipal finance, and in establishing shrinkage city/county planning by basic data.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2023

In the Republic of Korea, the target project scope of the small-scale EIA is stipulated as the plan area above around 5,000~60,000m² depending on a type of project and classification of land use. Whereas, the lower limit of the corresponding local government EIA project is generally located above the small-scale EIA's limits, and overlapping ranges exist. This situation has been enlarged since road construction and district unit planning were included as the target projects for small-scale EIA in the "Enforcement Decree of the Environmental Impact Assessment Act", which was partially revised in November 2016, and the current consultation system needed discussion in that small-scale EIA is allowed to be done without gathering review opinions at the local level. In fact, projects subjected to local government EIA but consulted as small-scale EIAs may seem insignificant because of a small number of total cases; however, it is worth paying attention to the fact that a local government may not add a target project due to the small-scale EIA. This study suggested the three policy measures for improving small-scale EIA to enhance the effectiveness of local government EIA: supplementing the institutional arrangements to incorporate the review opinion from the local region in small-scale EIA, giving priority to local EIA for conducing the projects in overlapping ranges with partial amendments on EIA law regarding exceptions to local government EIA, including small target projects (not to be small-scale EIA targets) to the ordinance that are deemed necessary to be conducted as local government EIA. Even though a positive function of small-scale EIA has been confirmed, efforts should be made to improve the situation in which many projects within local governments are consulted without review from the region.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.41-67
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• 1991

Local autonomy of Korea's lower-level local council has been reinstated following elections last March for the first time in thirty years. Last June, we had elections for the upper-level local council. Mayors, governors, and administrative chiefs of cities, provinces and other local government bodies are slated for elections in the first half of next year. The impacts of local autonomy are taking effect in not only the political sphere, but also the administrative and economic spheres. In fact, it seems that some modification of all economic policy making and administration is inevitable. Since the initiation of local autonomy, in order to make the economy work more efficiently, it has become quite important to examine the impact of local autonomy on the national economy. The areas of local autonomy include independent legislative power, administrative power, organizational power, and most important of all, the independent public financial power of the local governments. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of local autonomy on the national economy and ways of enhancing the role of local public finance to facilitate settlement and development of the local autonomy system. Local autonomy will contribute to the continuous growth of our economy, allow balanced development, and generate greater efficiency. However, local autonomy can also incur economic costs causing at times short-term price instability, inefficient resource allocation, through tax competition and tax exporting, and insolvency of local government due to abusive fiscal operation. To reduce these side effects, different alternatives must be considered. Local autonomy systems generally provide more efficient resource allocation than centralization. But in the model used in Chapter 3 of this paper, the relative efficiencies of both local autonomy and centralization are determined by comparing the elasticity of substitution between national public goods and local public goods. If the elasticity of substitution is bigger than one, centralization provides a more efficient resource allocation. The development of local autonomy could be attained through democratization of the local public finance system including the following three propositions. I) The independence of public financial power of local governments should be established over central government. Furthermore, a democratically operated scheme of intergovernmental fiscal coordination is especially necessary. 2) In the operation of local finance, direct democracy is needed to induce the voluntary participation of local residents. The residents can take part in planning both the local budget and the development of the community. To attain this goal, all the results of local finance operations should be made public. 3) Among economic ill-effects of the local autonomy system, the most serious one is the possibility of insolvency of local governments. Therefore, measures to limit abusive spending by the local governments should be introduced, such as the fiscal restraints system adopted in the United States.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.67-87
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• 2006

Objective: In order to provide basic data required to evaluate the knowledge and behavior of old people towards health promotion and primary factors that influence them, to develop a health educational program. Method: A survey was conducted from March 6th 2004 to June 10th 2004. A total of 949 senior citizens over 60 participated in the survey. Results: The old people was the lower the educational level they had, the lower the level of health education experience they had and the lower the frequency of regular health check-ups they had. In regards to health education and health promotion, seniors citizens were neglected because of a lack of health awareness and knowledge, wrong habits related to healthy living, low access to medical examination, poor economic state, and low educational level. In addition to social atmosphere and systematic efforts by the government, senior citizens tried to find their own ways to have healthy living by improving their educational level, health awareness, and level of health knowledge, and lifestyle. Conclusion: Therefore, not only their family members, but local communities, public organizations, and the whole nation should make every effort to provide a effective health education system by using health educators for senior citizens. There is also a need to prepare a practical and systematic health education program for senior citizens so that they can enjoy comfortable and healthy living in their old age.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.50-62
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• 2011

Temporal trends and spatial distributions of ozone concentrations in Pohang were investigated using data measured at 4 air quality monitoring stations (i.e., Daedo, Jukdo, Jangheung, and Desong) during 2002-2006. The monthly mean ozone concentrations were highest during April and June and decreased during July and August, which follows the typical trend in the Northeast Asia region. The high springtime ozone concentration might have been strongly influenced by the enhanced photochemical ozone production of accumulated precursors during the winter under increased solar radiations. In July and August, ozone levels were decreased by frequent and severe precipitation that caused lower mean monthly solar radiation and efficient wash-out of ozone precursors. This suggests that precipitation is extremely beneficial in the aspect of ozone pollution control. High ozone concentrations exceeding 80ppb dominantly occurred in May and June during the late afternoon between 16:00~17:00. Ozone concentrations were higher in Jangheung and Daesong relative to Daedo and Jukdo, whereas total oxidants $(O_3+NO_2)$ were higher in Jangheung and Daedo. In the suburban area of Daesong, ozone concentrations seem to be considerably higher than those in urban sites of Daedo and Jukdo due to lower ozone loss by NO titration with lower local NO level.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1993

This study is to observe and activate a groping of education based on the perceptual responses from the teachers and the students in fisheries schools. The conclusions of this study are as follows : First, lower level of the perceptual response was estimated in the curriculum and experimental courses, the financial and administrative supports from the Government, the contribution of a fisheries high school to the local society the wages of seamen and the co-works between the industries and the academies. Second, a careful consideration is needed for the fisheries school to have a different shape. As one way for co-works of the industries and the academies, two year program in school and one year internship in a related company should be formed for the curriculum in a fisheries high school. A localized support for sea area, a fisheries high school's role as a re-eaducation for the seamaen and opening a educational graduate school for teachers in the fisheries university are pursued. Third, the perceptual response from the teachers and the students are globally weighted in the acquisition of the license with a graduation of the school and then the credit for the military services, the entering into the same area of the higher education, the expansion of the experimental materials in the courses, developing the curriculum, the Governmental supports and the awareness for the local society, in order. The issues indicated here should be researched continuously for activating the education in the fisheries high schools.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.91-98
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• 2012

In order to efficiently promote a nation's National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) vision, it is important that a rational NSDI promotion system should be established. For such a NSDI promotion system, cooperation among the related organizations and the consistency of policies are crucial. In these regards, the main purpose of this research is to suggest a desirable model for the NSDI promotion system. Also, this study attempts to demonstrate problems and provide solutions in Korea NSDI promotion system. To accomplish this purpose, the literature reviews and content analysis were used. Following are the major findings of this research. First, a desirable NSDI promotion system should be consisted of the upper system (at the planning level) and the lower system (at the executive or implementing level). Second, the upper and lower system in NSDI promotion system should both be vertically connected and be horizontally connected. Third, the upper system should consist of the NSDI promotion committee, civil advisory committee, and sub-committee. Fourth, the lower system for the execution purposes of NSDI projects should consist of the NSDI top manager, in each central/local government, and professional support institute.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.13.1-13.9
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• 2024

Background: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease in livestock that has tremendous economic impact nationally. After multiple FMD outbreaks, the South Korean government implemented a vaccination policy for efficient disease control. However, during active surveillance by quarantine authorities, pig farms have reported an insufficient antibody positivity rate to FMD. Objective: In this study, the spatial and temporal trends of insufficiency among pig farms were analyzed, and the effect of the number of government veterinary officers was explored as a potential preventive factor. Methods: Various data were acquired, including national-level surveillance data for antibody insufficiency from the Korea Animal Health Integrated System, the number of veterinary officers, and the number of local pig farms. Temporal and geographical descriptive analyses were conducted to overview spatial and temporal trends. Additionally, logistic regression models were employed to investigate the association between the number of officers per pig farm with antibody insufficiency. Spatial cluster analysis was conducted to detect spatial clusters. Results: The results showed that the incidence of insufficiency tended to decrease in recent years (odds ratio [OR], 0.803; 95% confidence interval [95% CIs], 0.721-0.893), and regions with a higher density of governmental veterinary officers (OR, 0.942; 95% CIs, 0.918-0.965) were associated with a lower incidence. Conclusions: This study implies that previously conducted national interventions would be effective, and the quality of government-provided veterinary care could play an important role in addressing the insufficient positivity rate of antibodies.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.46-55
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• 2022

Objectives Many studies have reported noticeable increases in the proportion of employees working either relatively short or relatively long hours. Such trends have been accompanied by an increasing concern that how much subjective mental well-being of employees would be influenced by their hours of work. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between work hours and clinically relevant depressive symptoms with demographic variables adjusted. Methods Participants were employees of a total of 56 private companies and local government organizations in Korea, aged 19 to 65 years. A self-report questionnaire that included items on working hour, job stress, levels of depression, and socio-demographic factors was administered to 15360 Korean employees, with 14477 valid responses. Hierarchical linear regression analyses, adjusted for sociodemographic factors, job related demographic factors, job stress, were used additionally to estimate the association between working hours and depressive scores. Results We found that working more than 40 hours per week correlated positively with the level of depressive symptoms after adjusting for demographic variables and the level of job stress. Furthermore, working 40 or fewer hours per week correlated negatively with the level of depressive symptoms. Being younger (β = -0.078, β = -0.099), being a female (β = 2.770, β = 1.268), and possessing a lower level of education (β = -0.315, β = -1.125) were significantly associated with higher level of depressive symptoms in all respondents. Conclusions Both of working excessively long or short hours is significantly associated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms. Establishing proper office hours for employees is critical to improving the quality of working conditions and maintaining good mental health in the workplace.