• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2015

Gas foil thrust bearings (GFTBs) have attractive advantages over rolling element bearings and oil film thrust bearings, such as oil-free operation, high speed stability, and high-temperature operation. However, GFTBs have lower load carrying capacity than the other two types of bearings owing to the inherent low gas viscosity. The load carrying capacity of GFTBs depends mainly on the compliance of the foil structure and the formed hydrodynamic wedge, where the gas pressure field is generated between the top foil and the thrust runner. The load carrying capacity of the GFTBs is very important for the suitable design of oil-free turbomachinery with high performance. The aim of the present study is to identify the characteristics of the load carrying performance of GFTBs. A new test rig for the experimental measurements is designed to provide static loads up to 800 N using a pneumatic cylinder. The maximum operating speed of the driving motor is 30,000 rpm. A series of experimental tests—lift-off test, static load performance test, and maximum load capacity test—estimate the performance of a six-pad GFTB, in terms of the static load, driving torque, and temperature. The maximum load capacity is determined by increasing the static load until the driving torque rises suddenly with a sharp peak. The test results show that the torque and temperature increase linearly with the static load. The estimated maximum load capacity per unit area is approximately 80.5 kPa at a rotor speed of 25,000 rpm. The test results can be used as a design guideline for GFTBs for realizing oil-free turbomachinery.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.229-233
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• 2019

Large-scale High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) wind power generators suffer from high electromagnetic force and high torque due to their high current density and low rotational speed. Therefore, the torque and Lorentz force of HTS wind power generators should be carefully investigated. In this paper, we proposed a Performance Evaluation System (PES) to physically test the structural stability of HTS coils with high torque before fabricating the generator. The PES is composed of the part of a pole-pair of the HTS generator for estimating the characteristic of the HTS coil. The 10 MW HTS generator and PES were analyzed using a 3D finite element method software. The performance of the HTS coil was evaluated by comparing the magnetic field distributions, the output power, and torque values of the 10 MW HTS generator and the PES. The magnetic flux densities, output power, and torque values of the HTS coils in the PES were the same as a pole-pair of the 10 MW HTS generator. Therefore, the PES-based evaluation method proposed in this paper can be used to estimate the critical characteristics of the HTS generator under high magnetic field and high torque before manufacturing the HTS wind turbines. These results will be used effectively to research and manufacture large-scale HTS wind turbine generators.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.22-26
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• 2002

The goal of this study is to replace the current forward 2-piece propeller shaft of 8 ton large truck made of steel with 1-piece composite propeller shaft. A low cost Glass/Epoxy composite propeller shafts were successfully developed, which satisfy requirements such as the capacity of static torque transfer, fatigue strength and bending natural frequency. Devising secure joining method of a composite tube and metal yoke was the most critical issue in successful development of a high torque composite propeller shaft. In this study, joining method using thermal interference fit was adopted for composite to metal joint. Optimum conditions of heating temperature and interference level of thermal interference fit were determined from thermal stress analysis using 3D finite element method. Static torsion test, fatigue test, RPM and balance test were performed to verify the design.

• 공업화학
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.434-443
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• 2023

세계적으로 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 리튬 그리스의 대체 물질로서 calcium sulfonate 그리스를 합성하여 성능을 개선하였다. Calcium sulfonate 그리스의 저온성 문제를 해결하기 위하여 PAO (poly alpha olefin) 기반의 기유와 증주제를 도입하였다. 본 연구에서는 파라핀 오일과 PAO 기반의 기유와 증주제로 calcium sulfonate 그리스 3종을 합성하였으며, PAO 기반의 기유와 수산화 리튬, 12-hydroxy stearic acid, sebacic acid의 비누화 반응으로 리튬 그리스 1종을 합성하였다. 합성한 calcium sulfonate 그리스 3종과 리튬 그리스의 형태, 미세 구조 및 작용기는 SEM 및 FT-IR로 분석하였다. 저온 특성은 rheometer, low temperature torque로 측정하였고, 트라이볼로지 특성은 four ball lubricant tester, SRV로 측정하였다. 그 결과, PAO 기반의 기유와 증주제로 합성된 calcium sulfonate 그리스는 -40℃에서도 유동할 수 있었으며, 기존 calcium sulfonate 그리스의 저온 특성의 한계점을 극복하였다. 또한 합성한 calcium sulfonate 그리스는 PAO 기유로 합성된 리튬 그리스보다 우수한 내마모성, 내하중성, 마찰계수, 내열성, 점착성 및 내부식성을 보였으므로 상업적으로 기존의 리튬 그리스를 대체할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2006

In this paper, a speed sensorless control for an ultrasonic motor (USM) using a neural network (NN) is presented. In the proposed method, rotor speed is estimated by a three-layer NN which adapts nonlinearities associated with load torque and motor temperature into control. The intrinsic properties of a USM, such as high torque for low speeds, high static torque, compact size, etc., offer great advantages for industrial applications. However, the speed property of a USM has strong nonlinear properties associated with motor temperature and load torque, which make accurate speed control difficult. These properties are considered in designing a control method through the application of mathematical models. In these strategies, a detailed speed model of the USM is required which makes actual applications impractical. In the proposed method, a three-layer NN estimates the speed of the USM from the drive frequency, the root mean square value of input voltage and the surface temperature of the USM, where no mechanical speed sensor is needed. The NN speed based estimator enables inclusion of variations in driving conditions due to input signals of the NN involved during the driving state of the USM. The disuse of sensors offers many advantages on both the cost and maintenance front. Moreover, the model free sensorless control method offers practical controller construction within a small number of parameters. To validate the proposed speed sensorless control method for a USM, experiments have been executed under several conditions.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2001

Rice starch was incorporated into linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) using a Brabender Plastic-Corder internal mixer at a temperature of 140$\^{C}$ and 40 rpm. The starch loading was varied from 0 to 30% with 5 intervals. Studies on brabender torque development, mechanical properties and water absorption were investigated. The starch loading did not influence the brabender torque significantly. With respect to mechanical properties; the tensile strength and elongation at break decrease with increasing starch loading. The Young's modulus also increases with the starch filling. Mechanical properties were deteriorated as the starch absorbed moisture. The rate of water absorption was dependent on the starch filling in the composites. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was performed for the tensile fracture surfaces and it revealed the starch agglomeration and a poor dispersion of starch in the LLDPE matrix.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.550-558
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• 2014

Direct Torque controlled induction motor (DTC-IM) drives use stator resistance of the motor for stator flux estimation. So, stator resistance estimation properly is very important for a stable and effective operation of the induction motor. Stator resistance variations because of changing in temperature make DTC operation difficult mainly at low speed. A method based on artificial neural network (ANN) to estimate the stator resistance online of IM for DTC drive is modeled and verified in this paper. To train the neural network a back propagation algorithm is used. Weight adjustment of neural network is done by back propagating the error signal between measured and estimated stator current. An extensive simulation has been carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK to prove the efficacy of the proposed stator resistance estimator. The simulation & experimental result reveals that proposed method is able to obtain precise torque and flux control at low speed.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.687-692
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• 2016

엔진에 터보차져를 사용하게 되면 엔진의 출력도 향상되지만 동시에 엔진의 온도도 높아지게 된다. 특히 피스톤의 경우는 냉각이 문제가 된다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 오일 젯을 사용하는데, 오일 젯은 오일을 피스톤의 밑 부분에 분사하여 피스톤을 냉각시키는 것이다. 오일 젯이 사용된다면, 오일의 분사로 인하여 오일 유량의 증가및 피스톤으로부터의 열전달에 의하여 높아진 오일 온도 문제를 해결하기 위하여 오일 펌프 용량 증대와 오일 쿨러의 사용이 필요하다. 그러나 용량 증대 오일 펌프와 오일 쿨러를 사용하면 엔진의 마찰 토크가 증가하는 원인이 된다. 본 연구에서는 오일 젯, 오일 쿨러 및 오일 펌프의 용량 증대로 인하여 엔진의 마찰 토크가 증가하는 정도에 대하여 연구하였다. 또한 각 부품의 사양을 변경함에 따라 마찰 토크가 얼마나 영향을 받는가도 측정되었다. 저속에서는 오일 펌프와 오일 쿨러에 의한 영향이 크고 고속에서는 오일 쿨러에 의한 영향이 큼을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2019

고온 초전도 (HTS) 발전기는 무게, 크기 및 효율의 장점 때문에 활발히 연구되어왔다. 대규모의 초전도 풍력 발전기는 매우 저속의 고토크 회전 기계이다. 이 기계에서는 높은 전자기력과 토크가 중요한 문제이다. 하나의 축에 직렬로 연결된 2개의 발전기는 고토크의 문제를 극복하기위한 하나의 해결 방안이 될 수 있다. 본 논문에서 저자는 15 MW 급 HTS 발전기를 설계하고 분석했다. 3D 유한 요소법을 사용하여 15 MW HTS 발전기의 자기장 분포 및 토크 성능을 확인하였다. 결과적으로 설계된 발전기는 기존의 발전기보다 적은 토크를 생성한다. 제시된 15 MW 초전도 발전기의 설계방식은 대용량 초전도 풍력 발전기의 제작에 있어 고토크로 인한 문제를 해결하는데 활용될 수 있다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2016

본 연구는 주위의 온도보다 약 $20{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ 밖에 높지 않은 저온폐열을 활용하기 위한 TM(Thermal to Mechanical) 발전변환기의 개발을 위하여 저온도차 스털링엔진의 하나인 MM-7에 대한 성능실측 연구를 수행하였다. 스털링엔진의 흡열부와 방열부의 온도차에 대한 토크 및 분당회전수를 측정하고 이를 바탕으로 MM-7 엔진의 출력을 산출하였으며, 이를 통하여 효율적인 TM발전변환기의 개발 방안을 모색하였다.