• Wind and Structures
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.247-260
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• 2001

In the last three decades several comprehensive field measurement programs have produced significant insight into the wind effects on low-rise structures. The most notable and well published of these efforts are measurements being collected at the Wind Engineering Field Laboratory (WERFL) at Texas Tech University, measurements on low-rise structures in Silsoe, England and measurements on groups of low-rise structures collected in Aylesbury, England. Complementary to these efforts, an additional full-scale field investigation program has recently collected meteorological, pressure, strain and displacement data on a low-rise structure in Southern Shores, North Carolina. To date over seventy-five hundred data sets have been collected at the Southern Shores site in a variety meteorological conditions up to and including hurricane-force winds. This paper provides details of the system, its development, and preliminary assessment of its performance. A description of the field site, the instrumented structure, and the instrumentation system is provided. In addition, an example of the data collected during three hurricanes is presented. The primary goal of this paper is to provide the reader with the necessary technical details to appropriately interpret data from this experiment, which will be presented in future publications currently under development.

• Architectural research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2018

Countermeasures against earthquake disasters such as the seismic capacity evaluation and/or retrofit schemes of buildings, especially existing low-rise reinforced concrete buildings, have not been fully performed since Korea had not experienced many destructive earthquakes in the past. However, due to more than 1200 earthquakes with low or moderate intensity in the off-coastal and inland of Korea during the past 20 years, and due to the recent moderate earthquakes in Korea, such as the 2016 Gyeongju Earthquake with M=5.8 and the 2017 Pohang Earthquake with M=5.4, the importance of the future earthquake preparedness measures is highly recognized in Korea. The main objective of this study is to provide the basic information regarding seismic capacities of existing low-rise reinforced concrete buildings in Korea. In this paper, seismic capacities of 14 existing low-rise reinforced concrete public buildings in Korea are evaluated based on the Japanese Standard for Evaluation of Seismic Capacity of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings. Seismic capacities between existing buildings in Korea and those in Japan is compared, and the relationship of seismic vulnerability of Korean buildings and Japanese buildings damaged due to severe earthquakes are also discussed. Results indicated that Korean existing low-rise reinforced concrete buildings have a narrow distribution of seismic capacities and they are relatively lower than Japanese buildings, and are also expected to have severe damage under the earthquake intensity level experienced in Japan. It should be noted from the research results that the high ductility in Korean existing low-rise buildings obtained from the Japanese Standard may be overestimated, because most buildings investigated herein have the hoop spacing wider than 30 cm. In the future, the modification of strength and ductility indices in the Japanese Standard to propose the seismic capacity evaluation method of Korean buildings is most needed.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.127-137
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• 2019

Low-rise residential community is the most popular type (51%) of residential neighborhoods in Seoul. Currently, there is a shortage of public facilities needed for living conditions and the quality of life in low-rise residential areas. This study defines 'public facility' as infrastructure to improve the living environment and used by residents jointly in low-rise residential areas. In this regard, this study analyzes current legal and institutional standards, latest trends in public facility of apartments, and residents' demand and satisfaction level in order to find out the criteria for installation of priority public facilities. As a result, the essential facility basically conforms to the number of household which is the standard of the facility supply in apartment. However, considering the limitations on the accessibility due to low density, it should consider two standards at the same time: the number of household and distance (radius of neighborhood). In conclusion, it is necessary to install legally prescribed facilities according to the number of household and distance: 500 households facilities in 250m radius neighborhood and 1,000 households facilities in 400m radius neighborhood. Also, considering the reality of low-rise residential area, it is necessary to integrate some facilities that can be functionally linked to improve level of utility and efficiency of operation and management. It is expected that the output of this study can be applied to institutionalize of the legal basis for the public facility of low-rise residential community.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.395-402
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• 2018

Floor location of adjacent buildings may be different in terms of height elevation, and thus, the slab may hit on the columns of adjacent insufficiently separated buildings during severe ground motions. Such impacts, often referred to as mid-column pounding, can be catastrophic. Substantial pounding damage or even total collapse of structures was often observed in large amount of adjacent low rise buildings. The research on the mid-column pounding between low rise buildings is in urgency need. In present study, the responses of two adjacent low rise buildings with unequal heights and different dynamic properties have been analyzed. Parametric studies have also been conducted to assess the influence of story height difference, gap distance and input direction of ground motion on the effect of structural pounding response. Another emphasis of this study is to analyze the near-fault effect, which is important for the structures located in the near-fault area. The analysis results show that collisions exhibit significant influence on the local shear force response of the column suffering impact. Because of asymmetric configuration of systems, the structural seismic behavior is distinct by varying the incident directions of the ground motions. Results also show that near-fault earthquakes induced ground motions can cause more significant effect on the pounding responses.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.77-88
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• 2016

Low-rise Residential neighborhoods of Hongdae area, Garosu-gil, Samchung-dong, Itawon etc. are currently emerging new spaces for cultural consumption in the city. Nonetheless undiscerning excessive commercialization often results in monotonous urban space and deportation of residents and leaders of change; Due to commercialization and popularization recently this phenomenon is influencing surrounding low-rise residential neighborhoods. The main objective of this study is to examine how surrounding low-rise residential neighborhood transforms according to the expansion of culture-commerce spaces. Hongdae area's culture-commerce spaces and its expansion into Yeonnam-dong is investigated in specific. Especially attributes and main causes of transformation in physical and experiential space of neighborhood living facilities and residential buildings, when changed into culture-commerce related use is examined in detail. The expansion of culture-commerce space of Hongdae to Yeonnam-dong area has positive meaning in aspects of everyday experience. First, physical alteration of street-building relation increases direct and indirect contact of people. Contact opportunity carries important meaning in sense that it is prerequisite for next stage contact of network and exchange. Second, culture-commerce related programs provide the third place, where various leisure activities can take place. Attributes of transformation and positive meaning of culture-commerce spaces expanding its territory presents the need of management.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 2023

This study attempted to analyze the aspect of seeking a characteristic regeneration of low-rise residential areas through the Urban Regeneration New Deal Project in Seohak-dong Art Village in Jeonju, while the urban regeneration new deal projects are being carried out in various regions, nationwide. Time-series changes in aerial photographs in the study area, age, number of floors, and uses of buildings were examined. The main street structure, lots, and changes in buildings were reviewed, and through this, spatial zones that could extract the unique characteristics of the target area were classified. The characteristics of each area was linked to the proposal of an appropriate regeneration plan through the analysis. This study is meaningful in showing a case of characteristics of low-rise residential areas regeneration plan suitable for the specific region while the number of old low-rise residential areas is increasing.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.130-139
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• 1999

The survey site, the Hyundai Apartment Complex in the Bundang Model Complex, includes three housing layout types; super high-rise, high-rise and low-rise apartment buildings. The site includes artificial ground over underground parking lots. The overall objective of this study is to evaluate social and physical factors of housing environments in each types of layout. The data has been complied from residents of apartment through questionnaire. The questionnaire include elements of neighborhood, outdoor space, parking zones, and the overall complex design in each layout types. The predictors of outdoor space satisfaction in apartment housing complex are found as follows: "abundance of trees in quantity", "the role as front yards", "harmony of buildings with landscape", "the more distance between buildings" and "maintenance quality of site". Layout of super high-rise apartment site is most satisfied. Introduction of car-free deck space is favored by resident because of safty and quiet resting area. However the low quality of green and lack of shades on the artificial land are identified as problems.on the artificial land are identified as problems.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.263-267
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• 2009

Recently, we have seen the change of population and family structure, population growth has slowed and family differentiation was constantly done. A rapidly increase of single and couple household. So small-scaled house demand will be increased. Therefore this study planned to solve recent collective housing problem and to satisfy new housing demand. The purpose of planning was that low-rise high-density small-scaled of urban housing complex. This study used for two methods. First methods were literature analysis for domestic collective houses's present conditions and issues. Other purpose was to confirm change of household. Second method is case studies. It went through two phases to select the cases. The cases selected domestic and foreign each eight, total sixteen. The cases analyzed to twelve elements characteristic of housing complex, unit and community facilities. This study applied one area of Seoul to the low-rise high-density small-scaled housing complex.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.279-289
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• 2000

The main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the necessity of considering wind load combinations even for low-rise buildings. It first discusses the overall quasi-static wind load effects and their combinations to be considered in structural design of low-rise buildings. It was found that the maximum torsional moment closely correlates with the maximum along-wind base shear. It was also found that the instantaneous pressure distribution causing the maximum along-wind base shear was quite similar to that causing the maximum torsional moment, and that this asymmetric pressure pattern simultaneously accompanies considerable across-wind and torsional components. Secondly, the actual wind pressure distributions causing maximum quasi-static internal forces in the structural frames are conditionally sampled and their typical pressure patterns are presented.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.6-11
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• 2013