• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2008

This paper reports the design of a multiwavelength fiber laser source that utilizes a linear cavity of hybrid Brillouin/Erbium fiber laser (BEFL). The output power, threshold power and free running cavity modes were investigated against the pump powers. The structure exhibited low threshold operation of 4 mW at 2.3 mW injected Brillouin pump power. The optimization of Brillouin pump wavelength, power and Erbium gain led to a maximum possible number of channels generated. Simultaneous and stable operation of 21 channels with 10.88 GHz channels spacing were obtained from this architecture at 1 mW injected Brillouin pump power and 90 m W Erbium doped fiber pump power in the 1555 nm region.

• 한국레이저가공학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.34-41
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• 1999

A RS840 $CO_2$laser and a powder auto-feeding apparatus have been used to deposit single tracks of Ni-base superalloy on low carbon steel. In this paper, the effects of laser cladding parameters on clad geometry, dilution and microhardness are studied. As a results, the w/h ratio of the clad layer increases with decreasing powder feed rate and increasing laser scan speed. Increase of powder density and decrease of specific energy have little effect on dilution. It was found that the clad layer of the highest hardness has a structure in which fine and leaf like phases are dispersed in ${\gamma}$Ni matrix.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.8
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• pp.496-496
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• 2007

Low level laser therapy has various therapy effects. This paper performed the basic study for fabricating the low level laser therapy apparatus, and one of the goals of this paper was to make this apparatus used handily. The apparatus has been fabricated using the laser diode and microprocessor unit. The apparatus used a 7850m Laser diode for blood stream improvement and was designed for a pulse width modulation type to increase stimulation effects. In result, we could get the light power of 785nm wavelength.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.163-181
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• 2005

Objective: The purpose of this study is to review research papers on low level laser therapy (LLLT) and to improve the knowledge of LLLT field. Methods: For introduction, laser characteristics, including wavelength, medium, beam size, power, and unit power were explained. In order to understand LLLT, tissue optics and light-biomatter interaction were briefly mentioned. We reviewed 21 Korean papers on laser acupuncture and LLLT on the viewpoint of laser apparatus. Results and Conclusion: We found that the description of laser apparatus employed for LLLT experiments were not fully written. Laser wavelength and power which are the most crucial parameters, were omitted in several papers. No paper had information on beam size. In order to have high efficacy, laser should be used with proper laser parameters. Conditions of irradiation area or acupoints should be considered too. Some future technology on laser acupuncture were mentioned.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2014

For a nanoscale Cu/low-k wafer, inter-layer dielectric (ILD) and metal layers peelings, cracks, chipping, and delamination are the most common dicing defects by traditional diamond blade saw process. Sidewall void in sawing street is one of the key factors to bring about cracks and chipping. The aim of this research is to evaluate laser grooving & mechanical sawing parameters to eliminate sidewall void and avoid top-side chipping as well as peeling. An ultra-fast pico-second (ps) laser is applied to groove/singulate the 28-nanometer node wafer with Cu/low-k dielectric. A series of comprehensive parametric study on the recipes of input laser power, repetition rate, grooving speed, defocus amount and street index has been conducted to improve the quality of dicing process. The effects of the laser kerf geometry, grooving edge quality and defects are evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and focused ion beam (FIB). Experimental results have shown that the laser grooving technique is capable to improve the quality and yield issues on Cu/low-k wafer dicing process.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2016

Toshiba has developed a laser peening system for PWRs(pressurized water reactors) as well after the one for BWRs(boiling water reactors), and applied it for BMI(bottom-mounted instrumentation) nozzles, core deluge line nozzles and primary water inlet nozzles of Ikata Unit 1 and 2 of Shikoku Electric Power Company since 2004, which are Japanese operating PWR power plants. Laser pulses were delivered through twin optical fibers and irradiated on two portions in parallel to reduce operation time. For BMI nozzles, we developed a tiny irradiation head for small tubes and we peened the inner surface around J-groove welds after laser ultrasonic testing (LUT) as the remote inspection, and we peened the outer surface and the weld for Ikata Unit 2 supplementary. For core deluge line nozzles and primary water inlet nozzles, we peened the inner surface of the dissimilar metal welding, which is of nickel base alloy, joining a safe end and a low alloy metal nozzle. In this paper, the development and the actual application of the laser peening system for PWR power plants will be described.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• 제2C권6호
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• pp.304-308
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• 2002

We demonstrate a simple pulsed $CO_2$ laser with millisecond long pulse duration in a tube at a low pressure of less than 30 Torr. The novel power supply for our laser system switches the voltage of the AC power line (60Hz) directly. The power supply doesn't need elements such as a rectifier bridge, energy-storage capacitors, or a current-limiting resistor in the discharge circuit. To control the laser output power, the pulse repetition rate is adjusted up to 60Hz and the firing angle of SCR(Silicon Controlled Rectifier) gate is varied from 30。 to 150。. A ZCS (Zero Crossing Switch) circuit and a PIC one-chip microprocessor are used to control precisely the gate signal of the SCR. The maximum laser output of 35 W is obtained at a total pressure of 18 Torr, a pulse repetition rate of 60 Hz, and a SCR gate firing angle of 90。 . In addition, the resulting laser pulse width is approximately 3㎳(FWHM). This is a relatively long pulse width, compared with other repetitively pulsed $CO_2$ lasers.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.523-532
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• 1999

This study is aimed to obtain fundamental knowledge of pulse laser welding phenomena the authors investigated the structure and composition of evaporated particles of Al alloys in air and in the Ar atmosphere during pulsed laser welding. The ultra-fine particles of 5 to 100nm diameter in a globular or irregular shape were formed in laser-induced plasma and the main structure was $MgAl_2O_4$ The composition of particles was ifferent depending on the power density of a laser beam; namely under the low power density conditions magnesium was predominant in the parti-cles while aluminium content increased with an increase in the power density. These results were attributed to evaporation phenomena of metals with different boiling points and latent heats of vaporization. On the other hand the number density of laser-induced plasma species was obtained by Saha's equation. it was confirmed that the number density depends upon the plasma tempera-ture and total pressures.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.16-25
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• 2002

Low energy laser irradiation(LELI) therapy in physical therapy is widespread but the mechanisms are not fully understood. The purpose of the present study was to examine the epidermal growth factor(EGF)'s expression within lumbar spinal cord which corresponding with crushed extensor digitorum longus(EDL) of rats after low-power laser irradiation applied. After a crushed injury on the right EDL, low-power laser irradiation was applied by using 2000mW, 2000Hz, 830nm GaAlAs(Gallium-aluminum-arsenide) semiconductor diode laser. The laser treatment was performed with 10 minutes daily for 3days. After EDL crush injury, EGF immunoreactive positive neurons in experimental group were progressively decreased from the first to third days. Especially 1 day subgroup is highly expressed in dorsal horn(Lamina I, II, III) and around of central cannal of spinal cord(Lamina VII). Control group was only expressed slightly at 3 days. This study suggests that LELI stimulate that release and migration of EGF in spinal cord, which distict to wound site, therfore promote wound healing of EDL crush injury.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2023

천체망원경의 성능은 여러가지 요소에 의해 결정된다. 대기 난류도 그 중 하나인데, 대기 난류는 망원경으로 수집한 빛을 왜곡시켜 이미지의 선명도와 해상도를 저하시킨다. 때문에 대기 난류를 보정하기 위한 기술이 연구되어 왔다. 보정 기술을 연구하기 위해서는 대기 난류를 실험실에서 모사해야 하며, 그 중 가장 실용적인 방법으로 위상판을 이용한 방법이 있다. 심한 난기류를 모사한 위상판을 측정할 때에는 주로 샥하트만 파면 센서로 측정하게 된다. 이 때, 레이저 광원은 위상판을 거쳐 샥-하트만 파면 센서로 들어가게 되는데 위상판을 거치면서 레이저의 세기가 줄어들고, 이로 인해 샥-하트만 파면 센서가 위상판을 측정하지 못하는 경우가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 난기류를 모사한 위상판 측정 시 레이저 출력 조절의 필요성과 레이저 출력이 측정된 파면에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 알아본다. 프라이드 파라미터 r₀이 상대적으로 낮은 위상판의 경우 레이저 출력으로 인해 10% 이상 r₀이 변화하였다. r₀이 상대적으로 높은 위상판의 경우 레이저 출력으로 인한 변화가 5% 미만으로 r₀이 거의 변하지 않음을 보였다. 따라서 난기류가 심한 대기 상태를 모사한 위상판일수록 레이저 출력의 영향이 미미함을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 본 논문의 시스템을 기준으로 레이저 출력 5 mW 이상에서 난기류를 모사한 위상판을 측정할 수 있었다.