• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1995

Isothermal and thermal-mechanical fatigue characteristics of 12Cr heat resisting steel used for high temperature applications were investigated including hold time effects. Isothermal low cycle fatigue test at $600^{\circ}C$ and in-phase, out-of-phase thermal-mechanical fatigue test at 350 to $600^{\circ}C$ were conducted using smooth cylindrical hollow specimen under strain-control with total strain ranges from 0.006 to 0.015. Regardless of thermal-mechanical and isothermal fatigue tests, cyclic softening behavior was observed and much more pronounced in the thermal-mechanical fatigue tests with hold times due to the stress relaxation during the hold time. The phase difference between temperature and strain in thermal-mechanical fatigue tests resulted in significantly shorter fatigue life for out-of-phase compared to in-phase. The differences in fatigue lives were dependent upon the magnitudes of plastic strain ranges and mean stresses. During the hold time in the strain-controlled fatigue tests, the increase in the plastic strain range and the stress relaxation were observed. It appeared that the increase in plastic strain range per cycle and the introduction of creep damage made important contributions to the reduction of thermal-mechanical fatigue life with hold time, and the life reduction tendency was more remarkable in the in-phase than in the out-of-phase thermal-mechanical fatigue. Isothermal fatigue tests performed under the combination of fast and slow strain rates at $600^{\circ}C$ showed that the fatigue life decreased as the strain rate and frequency decreased,especially for the low strain ranges.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2003

In this paper, the low cycle fatigue(LCF) life tests were carried out under waveforms of asymmetric triangle($4{\times}10^{-3}$ and $4{\times}10^{-10}$ strain rate) and hold-time(1min and 10min) in strain control. In triangular waveform, the fatigue lives of fast-slow waveforms were decreased to about 63-73% and them of slow-fast waveforms were down to about 23-24% compared to them of fast-fast waveforms. The shapes of fracture surfaces were transgranular in fast-fast and fast-slow waveforms and intergranular in slow-fast ones. The fatigue lives of slow-fast waveforms were remarkedly shorter than them of hold-time waveforms even though cycle times of hold time waveforms were longer than them of slow-fast ones. The damage mechanisms of frature surfaces were mixed frature with both transgranular and intergranular, but intergranular fratures were r-type cavity in hold-time waveforms and w-type cavity in slow-fast ones.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.307-317
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• 1994

The surf ace microstructure modification by $N^+$ ion implantation into 7050Al alloy and its low cycle fatigue behavior were investigated. Ion implantation method is to physically implant accelerated ions to the surface of a substrate. High dose of nitrogen($5{\times}10^{17}ions/cm^2$) were implanted into 7050Al alloy using current density of accellerating voltage of 100KeV. The implanted layers were characterized by Electron Probe-Micro Analysis(EPMA), Auger Elecron Spectroscopy(AES), X-Ray Diffraction(XRD), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM). The experimental results were compared with computer simulation data. It was shown that AlN was formed to 4500 ${\AA}$ deep. The low cycle fatigue life of the $N^4$ion modified material was prolonged by about three times the unimplanted one. The improved low cycle fatigue life was attributed to the formation of AlN and the damaged region on the surface by $N^+$ ion implantation.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.649-664
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• 2016

A seismic damaged bridge may be hit again by a strong aftershock or another earthquake in a short interval before the repair work has been done. However, discussions about the impact of the unrepaired damages on the residual earthquake resistance of a steel bridge are very scarce at present. In this paper, nonlinear time-history analysis of a steel arch bridge was performed using multi-scale hybrid model. Two strong historical records of main shock-aftershock sequences were taken as the input ground motions during the dynamic analysis. The strain response, local deformation and the accumulation of plasticity of the bridge with and without unrepaired seismic damage were compared. Moreover, the effect of earthquake sequence on crack initiation caused by low-cycle fatigue of the steel bridge was investigated. The results show that seismic damage has little impact on the overall structural displacement response during the aftershock. The residual local deformation, strain response and the cumulative equivalent plastic strain are affected to some extent by the unrepaired damage. Low-cycle fatigue of the steel arch bridge is not induced by the earthquake sequences. Damage indexes of low-cycle fatigue predicted based on different theories are not exactly the same.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.7-12
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• 2000

The automatic turbine startup system provides turbine control based on thermal stress. During the startup, control system monitors and evaluates main components of turbine using damage mechanism and life assessment. In case of valve chest, the temperature of inner/outer wall is measured by thermo-couples and the safety of these values are evaluated by using allowable ${\Delta}T$ limit curve during the startup. Because allowable ${\Delta}T$ limit curve includes life assessment, it is possible to apply this curve to turbine control system. In this paper, low cycle fatigue damage and combined rupture and low cycle fatigue damage criterion proposed for yielding the allowable ${\Delta}T$ limit curve of CV(control valve) chest. To calculate low cycle fatigue damage, the stress analysis of valve chest has peformed using FEM. Automatic turbine startup to assure service life of CV was achieved using allowable ${\Delta}T$ limit curve.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2002

The automatic turbine startup system provides turbine control based on thermal stress. During the startup, control system monitors and evaluates main components of turbine using damage mechanism and life assessment. In case of valve chest, the temperature of inner/outer wall is measured by thermo-couples and the safety of these values are evaluated by using allowable △T limit currie during the startup. Because allowable ΔT limit curve includes life assessment, it is possible to apply this curve to turbine control system. In this paper, low cycle fatigue damage, combined rupture and low cycle fatigue damage criterion were proposed for yielding the allowable ΔTf limit curve of CV(control valve) chest. To calculate low cycle fatigue damage, the stress analysis of valve chest has been performed using FEM. Automatic turbine startup to assure service life of CV was achieved using allowable ΔT limit curve.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제83권3호
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• pp.293-304
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• 2022

In this work, a novel reliability approach for combined high and low cycle fatigue (CCF) estimation is developed by combining active learning strategy with least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) (named as ALS-SVM) surrogate model to address the multi-resources uncertainties, including working loads, material properties and model itself. Initially, a new active learner function combining LS-SVM approach with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is presented to improve computational efficiency with fewer calls to the performance function. To consider the uncertainty of surrogate model at candidate sample points, the learning function employs k-fold cross validation method and introduces the predicted variance to sequentially select sampling. Following that, low cycle fatigue (LCF) loads and high cycle fatigue (HCF) loads are firstly estimated based on the training samples extracted from finite element (FE) simulations, and their simulated responses together with the sample points of model parameters in Coffin-Manson formula are selected as the MC samples to establish ALS-SVM model. In this analysis, the MC samples are substituted to predict the CCF reliability of turbine blades by using the built ALS-SVM model. Through the comparison of the two approaches, it is indicated that the reliability model by linear cumulative damage rule provides a non-conservative result compared with that by the proposed one. In addition, the results demonstrate that ALS-SVM is an effective analysis method holding high computational efficiency with small training samples to gain accurate fatigue reliability.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.273-282
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• 2010

이 연구는 기존 모델에 대한 검증 및 국내에서 생산되고 있는 철근이 반복하중을 받는 경우의 파괴특성에 대한 적합한 모델을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이 논문은 철근콘크리트 하부구조(파일과 교각)에 배근된 축방향철근에 대한 저주파 피로 거동에 대한 모델링을 다루었고, 전체 81개의 저주파 피로 실험 데이터에 기초하여 저주파 피로 모델을 제안하였다. 제안된 저주파 피로 모델을 적용하여 비선형해석 프로그램을 개발하였고 원형 기둥 실험체에 대한 6개의 실험 결과를 대상으로 비선형 해석을 적용하고 제안모델의 정확성을 평가하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.114-125
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• 1994

Fatigue behavior and life prediction method were presented for themal-mechanical and isothermal low cycle fatigue of 12 Cr forged steel used for high temperature applications. In-phase and out-of-phase thermal-mechanical fatigue test from 350 .deg. C to 600 .deg. C and isothermal low cycle fatigue test at 600 .deg. C, 475 .deg. C, 350 .deg. C were conducted using smooth cylindrical hollow specimen under strain-control with total strain ranges from 0.006 to 0.015. The phase difference between temperature and strain in thermal-mechanical fatigue resulted in significantly shorter fatigue life for out-of-phase than for in-phase. Thermal-mechanical fatigue life predication was made by partitioning the strain ranges of the hysteresis loops and the results of isothermal low cycle fatigue tests which were performed under the combination of slow and fast strain rates. Predicted fatigue lives for out-of-phase using the strain range partitioning method showed an excellent agreement with the actual out-of-phase thermal-mechanical fatigue lives within a factor of 1.5. Conventional strain range partitioning method exhibited a poor accuracy in the prediction of in-phase range partitioning method in a conservative way. By the way life prediction of thermal-mechanical fatigue by Taira's equivalent temperature method and spanning fartor method showed good agreement within out-of-phase thermal-mechanical fatigue.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.18-21
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• 2009

높은 열하중하에 있는 부품의 수명은 일반적으로 다른 부품에 비해 짧은 수명을 가지고 있다. 액체 로켓의 터보펌프 터빈은 작동시간 동안 높은 회전속도로 인한 높은 원심력과 높은 온도와 같은 환경하에서 작동된다. 이와 같은 환경은 터보펌프 터빈의 저주기 피로를 야기한다. 우선 열응력을 해석하기 위해 ABAQUS/CAE가 사용되었으며 탄성변형률과 소성변형률을 고려하기 위해 Coffin-Manson 방정식을 사용하였다. 평균응력의 변화를 고려하기 위해 S.W.T법을 사용하였으며, 열응력해석 결과로 얻어진 변형률 이력을 이용하여 터보펌프 터빈의 취약지점에 저주기피로해석을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 저주기 수명을 해석하기 위해 변형룰 수명 방법이 적용되었다.