• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.379-386
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• 2008

토양개량방법의 하나로서 다공성 소성 과립체를 토양에 사용하는 방법을 적용하고자 하였다. 석탄폐석을 토양개량제의 원료로 사용하면 자열소성방법에 의해 저비용으로 과립체를 생산할 수 있고, 더불어 국내에 대량으로 적치되어 있는 석탄폐석을 활용할 수 있는 방안도 될 것임을 착안하여, 석탄폐석을 분쇄, 과립하고 자열소성방법으로 소성하여 과립(pellet)을 제조한 후 이의 다공체로서의 특성과 수분보유특성, pH등을 확인하였다. 고정탄소량이 약 28%인 시료 HCR을 고령토와 1:4의 무게비(20%)로 혼합하여 제조한 과립과 고정탄소가 약 9.66%인 LCR시료만을 사용한 과립을 자열소성한 결과, 별도의 가열에너지의 공급 없이 최대온도 $1200^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 연속적인 소성이 가능하였다. 이렇게제조한 과립체를 고령토만 사용하여 제조한 일반 소성 점토과립과 비교하였을 때 평균공극의 크기가 커졌음이 확인되었다. 이렇게 변화된 공극의 특성으로 인해 HCR과 LCR 과립의 내부에 흡수된 수분이 kaolin 과립에 비해 더 낮은 potential에서 방출되었고, 식물이 더 이용하기 쉬운 상태로 수분이 보유됨을 확인하였다. 그리고 자열소성한 과립은 kaolin 과립에 비해 높은 포장용수량과 유효수분의 값을 나타내었다. 포장용수량은 HCR과 LCR 과립이 각각 47.64, 38.43mL/100g값을 나타내었고, 유효수분의 양은 각각 38.39과 28.49mL/100g으로 나타났다. 자열소성한 과립의 pH는 6~8로서 토양에 활용이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제42권12호
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• pp.821-826
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• 2005

Gadolinia-doped ceria nanopowder was prepared by glycine-nitrate combustion method with different glycine/nitrate mixing ratio. The characteristics of the synthesized powder were investigated by X-ray diffraction method, transmission electron microscopy, thermal gravity, differential thermal analysis and thermo-mechanical analysis. The smallest powder was obtained with glycine/nitrate ratio 1.00 and the lowest organic and water vapor contained powder was made with glycine/nitrate ratio 1.75. According to dilatometry, fast densification was occurred around $1000^{\circ}C$ and shows full density over $1300^{\circ}C$. Finally near-fully dense ceria electrolyte was fabricated with conventional sintering technique. Glycine-nitrate process yields fine nanopowders which enable low temperature sintering and fabrication of fully dense and nanostructured oxide electrolyte.

• 에너지공학
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2011

기관의 구조를 변경하지 않는 상태에서 RM50의 사용 가능성에 대한 결정을 하기 위해 수치해석을 수행하였다. 열발생률을 비교한 결과 기관회전수가 증가할수록 각 연료간의 차이가 감소하였으며, RM50, 가솔린의 순서로 열발생률의 최대치가 높음을 알 수 있었다. 이는 연료의 연소속도의 순서와 동일하였다. 난류연소속도는 RM50이 가장 높으며 난류강도의 곡선은 난류 연소속도 곡선과 비슷한 경향을 보이고 있으며 RM50이 다른 연료에 비해 연소속도가 빠르고 소염거리가 짧으므로 연소실의 온도가 높아 NO 배출물을 증가시키는 요인이 되지만 NO의 화학적 반응 동력학의 영향에 의해 결과적으로 NO 배출물을 감소시킨다. 따라서 RM50 연료의 사용 가능성을 예측할 때는 연료의 저위발열량에 의한 실린더내 온도뿐 만 아니라 연소속도를 포함한 연소특성까지 고려할 필요가 있다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.382-385
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• 2007

[ $LaFeO_3$ ] powders were prepared as the oxidation catalyst materials to reduce the emission of particulate matters from diesel engine and their catalytic effects on the oxidation of carbon were investigated. Solution combustion method was employed for the powder synthesis, which uses highly exothermic and selfsustaining reactions. In this study $LaFeO_3$ powders were synthesized at $400^{\circ}C$ as varying the ratio ($\Phi$) of fuel (citric acid) and oxidizer (metal nitrate), and their phase and carbon ignition property were examined. As $\Phi$ decreases, the crystallinity of synthesized $LaFeO_3$ powders enhanced. By calcining at $700^{\circ}C$, all the powders synthesized at various $\Phi$ fully crystallized. The calcined $LaFeO_3$ powders showed carbon ignition temperature as low as $501{\sim}530^{\circ}C$, which implied the decrease of the ignition temperature by $120{\sim}150^{\circ}C$.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.507-510
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• 2008

Characteristics of an autothermal reformer at various operating parameters have been studied in this paper. Numerical method has been used, and simulation model has been developed for the analysis. Full Combustion reaction, Steam Reforming(SR) reaction, Water-Gas Shift(WGS) reaction, and Direct Steam Reforming(DSR) reaction are assumed as dominant chemical reactions in the autothermal reformer. Simulation results are compared with experimental results for code validation. Operating parameters of the autothermal reformer are inlet temperature, Oxygen to Carbon Ratio(OCR), Steam to Carbon Ratio(SCR), and Gas Hourly Space Veolcity(GHSV). SR reaction rate decreases with low inlet temperature. If OCR is increased, $H_2$ yield is increased but optimal point is suggested. WGS reaction is activated with high SCR. When GHSV is increased, reforming efficiency is increased but pressure drop may decrease the system efficiency.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
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• pp.3001-3006
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• 2008

Recently, the internal combustion engines have focused on reducing both the CO2 emissions in order to cope with severe regulations for greenhouse effect. Therefore, various new technologies have been developed in many countries. Among them, the cooling system is spotlighted because it has great effect on fuel efficiency. However, the present engine cooling system is almost same as one of the 50 years ago. The needs for high performance and compact size make it important to improve engine cooling system, down-sizing and control method of coolant flow. Thus, low fuel consumption technology such as control and synthetic management of cooling system was necessary to satisfy with these needs. In this study, we applied electric thermostat to improve the fuel economy. The fuel consumption was compared after driving FTP-75 mode on both conditions which were with a conventional wax thermostat and with a electric thermostat. The coolant temperature of opening the electric thermostat is higher.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.2712-2723
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• 1994

Numerical simulation of an axisymmetric ethylene-air jet diffusion flame has been carried out in order to investigate flame dynamics and soot formation. The model solves the time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations and includes models for soot formation, chemical reaction, molecular diffusion, thermal conduction, and radiation. Numerically FCT(Flux Corrected Transport) and DOM(Discrete Ordinate Method) methos are used for convection and radiation trasport respectively. Simulation was conducted for a 5 cm/sec fuel jet flowing into a coflowing air stream. The maximum flame temperature was found to be approximately 2100 K, and was located at an axial position of approximately 5 cm from the base of the flame. The maximum soot volume fraction was about $7{\times}10^{-7}$, and was located within the high temperature region where the fuel mole fraction ranges from 0.01 to 0.1. The buoyancy-driven low-frequency(12~13 Hz) structures convected along the outer region of the flame were captured. In case without radiation trasport, the maximum temperature was higher by 150 K than in case with radiation. Also the maximum soot volume fraction reached about $8{\times}10^{-6}$. As the the hydrocarbon fuel forms many soot particles, the radiation transport becomes to play a more important role.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 1997년도 제15회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.61-68
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• 1997

The morphology and size distribution of chromium oxides and the concentration measurement of atomic arsenic have been studied in laminar diffusion flames. Nitrogen was added to vary flame temperatures in hydrogen flames. Ethene flames were used in order to investigate the potential for interaction between the soot aerosol that is formed in these flames and the chromium aerosol. Two sources of chromium compounds were introduced: chromium nitrate and chromium hexacarbonyl. A detailed investigation of the morphology was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The amounts of Cr(VI) and total Cr were determined by a spectrophotometric method and by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, respectively. Also, LIF was used for the measurement of atomic arsenic, which was excited at 197.2 nm and was detected at 249.6 nm. Results showed that the morphology of the particles varied with the flame temperature and with the chromium source. The particles were characterized by porous structures, cenospheres and agglomerated dense particles when chromium nitrate solution was added to the flames. At low to moderate temperatures, porous sintered cenospheric structures were formed, in some cases with a blow hole. At higher temperatures, an agglomerated cluster which was composed of loosely sintered submicron particles was observed. It was also found that the emission of Cr(VI) from the undiluted $H_2$ flame was more than 10 times larger than in the 50% $H_2$ / 50% $N_2$ flame on a mass basis. Single point LIF measurement of atomic arsenic indicated that arsenic exist only in the low temperature, fuel rich region.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.814-819
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• 2000

The progress in the field of electronic materials has been especially significant for applications involving a range of electrical properties. Its importance is increasing with the increasing demand for integrated circuits. The sol-gel technique has been used for many years, and the metal alkoxides have featured prominently as source materials. The method consist of making a homogeneous solution of the component metal alkoxides in a suitable solvent, usually the parent alcohol; and then causing the hydrolysis under controlled conditions to produce a gel containing the hydrated metal oxide. The gel is then dried, and fired to produce a ceramic or glassy material at a temperature much lower than that required by the conventional melting process. This project consists of important theoretical considerations, processing techniques and applications related to electrophoresis derived thin films. In the electrophoretic process a metal alkoxide solution is gelled through hydrolysis-polymerization and converted the gel thin layer to an oxide by heating at relatively low temperatures.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2005

Thermal regeneration means burning-off and cleaning-up the particulate matters piled up in DPF(diesel particulate filter), and it requires both high temperature $(550\~600^{\circ}C)$ and appropriate concentration of oxygen at DPF entrance. However, it is not easy to satisfy such conditions because of the low temperature window of the HSDI(high speed direct injection) diesel engine(approximately $200\~350^{\circ}C$ at cycle). Therefore, this study is focused on the method to raise temperature using the trade-off relation between temperature, oxygen concentration, and the influence of many parameters of common rail injection system including post injection. After performing an optimal mapping of the common rail parameters for regeneration mode, the actual cleaning process during regeneration mode is investigated and evaluated the availability of the regeneration mode mapping through regenerating soot trapped in the DPF.