• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.122-131
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• 1999

Indoor environments are usually less than optimal for the growth of ferns, especially in regards to the water condition. These studies were performed to investigate responses involved in causing growth of ferns and presume management plan against the water deficit under indoor conditions. The effect of air humidity and soil moisture on the ferns was examined in Adiantume raddianum and Selaginella kraussiana. Results of experiments are as follows; 1. Under a low humidity condition, having a 25-50% RH. ornamental value of ferns decreased much more than under a 90% RH. Under a low soil moisture, such as sand treatment, ornamental value of ferns also decreased. 2. Leaf chlorophyll content, water content and stomata situations increased as air humidity and soil moisture went up. 3. Even if air humidity and soil water were not enough for ferns growth, the extending of irrigation cycle was helpful. 4. Under extremely low air humidity conditions, some water management, namely, using water holding soil or extending of irrigation cycle was desirable. Other methods of increasing air humidity, including water instruments such as ornamental pools, waterfalls, or fountains, grouping plants together were also helpful. But spraying water on leaves increased injury to ferns growth because of excess evaporation from the leaves. Though these studies, we learn that ferns are susceptible to water condition such as air humidity, soil water and water management. If other environmental factos are maintained with optimal conditions, water condition plays an important role in ferns growth in indoor environments.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.261-273
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• 2020

This paper presents an efficient method utilizing user-defined computer functional codes to determine the reliability of an embankment slope with spatially varying soil properties in real time. The soils' mechanical properties varied with the soil layers that had different degrees of compaction and moisture content levels. The Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) for the degree of compaction and Kriging simulation of moisture content variation were adopted and programmed to predict their spatial distributions, respectively, that were subsequently used to characterize the spatial distribution of the soil shear strengths. The shear strength parameters were then integrated into the Geostudio command file to determine the safety factor of the embankment slope. An explicit metamodal for the performance function, using the Kriging method, was established and coded to efficiently compute the failure probability of slope with varying moisture contents. Sensitivity analysis showed that the proposed method significantly reduced the computational time compared to Monte Carlo simulation. About 300 times LHS Geostudio computations were needed to optimize precision and efficiency in determining the failure probability. The results also revealed that an embankment slope is prone to high failure risk if the degree of compaction is low and the moisture content is high.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2007

The hygroscopic property of paper is important for convertability and end use performance. When the board and corrugated fiberboard are exposed to low relative humidity, a trouble of score (or crease) cracking could occur. In this study, we evaluated the moisture content and mechanical properties of linerboard and corrugated board at the cyclic condition of low humidity to prevent a score crack trouble. As the relative humidity decreased from 50% to 38% and 25%, the moisture content of linerboard decreased about 7% to 6% and 4%. At low humidity, most of mechanical properties were improved except for strain. The linerboard exposed at 25% RH showed a remarkable reduction of strain by 11%. At the same relative humidity, linerboard and corrugated fiberboard showed the different property values depending on moisture hysteresis.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2002

새롭게 개발된 직접인장시험기와 시험방법을 이용하여 습윤모래의 인장강도를 측정하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 습윤모래에 인장강도가 존재함을 분명하게 확인 할 수 있고, 저함수비 모래의 인장강도를 간단하고 정확하게 측정 가능함을 알 수 있다. 일반적으로 알고 있는 바와 달리 습윤모래의 인장강도는 영(zero)이 아님을 알 수 있다. 함수비가 (0.5 < w < 4.0%) 증가함에 따라 인장강도는 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 상대밀도가 (30 < $D_r$ < 70%) 증가함에 따라 인장강도가 증가하는 경향은 더욱 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 지반공학적 문제에서 습윤모래의 인장강도에 대한 영향을 조사하기 위하여 사질토지반에 설치된 원형의 강성후팅에 대한 수치해석을 실시하였다. 해석결과 미소한 인장강도를 고려하더라도 지반의 안정성이 크게 증가함을 확인할 수 있다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.270-275
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• 2022

Livestock production costs are heavily influenced by the cost of feed, The use of domestically grown forages is more desirable for livestock feed production. As part of this study, triticale, which is an extremely palatable and easily cultivable crop in Korea, was used to produce low moisture silage bales with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and then stored for different periods. We examined the nutrient content of silage, such as crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), as well as their organic acids, including lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, at different storage periods. The nutrient content of silages, such as crude protein, ADF, and NDF, did not change significantly throughout storage periods. Organic acid data indicated that lactic acid concentrations increased with increasing moisture contents and storage periods up to nine months. However, further extending storage to 12 months resulted in a reduction in the lactic acid content of all silages as well as an increase in their pH. Based on the present results, it suggested that the production of low moisture silage with the LAB may be able to preserve and maintain its quality without altering its nutritional composition. Also, the lactate content of the silage remained significant for at least nine months.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.252-261
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• 1993

Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) was used to study a feasibility test for the possibility to develop a moisture sensor applicable for agricultural products such as raw and powdered grain. Samples of wheat flour and brown rice were tested with a 200MHz hydrogen NMR. The samples were loaded into 5mm NMR glass tubes and $30^{\circ}$ pulses were supplied to get resonance signals. Hydrogen spectrum intensities of the samples were compared to moisture content measured by a drying oven method. High linear correlations were obtained between the hydrogen spectrum intensity and moisture content. Therefore, moisure contents of agricultural products could be measured nondestructively utilizing the NMR principle. A low-cost design concept of the moisture sensor with the NMR principle was proposed for a practical use.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.3-8
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• 1986

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different soil moisture contents on the growth and chemical constituents of burley tobacco and on the protein pattern in tobacco leaf. Height, stem diameter, and largest leaf length of tobacco droughted from 45 to 60 days after transplanting was not recovered by rewatered amount of water supply from 60 to 75 days after transplanting, but leaf width enlarged. Dry weight per unit leaf area and total nitrogen content showed high values in low soil moisture, but total alkaloid contents were not different according to soil moisture contents. Soil moisture content didn't effect on the protein pattern of middle and upper leaves, but lower leaves showed the mild color and fewer numbers of the protein bands than those of midd1e and upper leaves.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2014

Duck feet gelatin (DFG) gel was added as a fat replacer to low-fat frankfurters and the effect of DFG on physicochemical, textural, and sensory characteristics of low-fat frankfurters was evaluated. DFG gel was prepared with a 20% duck feet gelatin concentration (w/w). Adding DFG decreased lightness and increased yellowness of the low-fat frankfurters (p<0.05). However, DFG did not affect redness of low-fat frankfurters (p>0.05). The statistical results indicated that adding DFG improved cooking yield of low-fat frankfurters (p<0.05). In addition, replacing pork back fat with DFG resulted in increased moisture content, protein content, and ash content of low-fat frankfurters, and the low-fat frankfurter formulated with 5% pork back fat and 15% DFG gel had the highest moisture content and lowest fat content (p<0.05). Adding of DFG increased all textural parameters including hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and gumminess of low-fat frankfurters (p<0.05). In terms of sensory properties, the low-fat frankfurter formulated with 5% pork back fat and 15% DFG gel showed similar satisfaction scores for the flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptance when compared to the regular frankfurters (20% back fat). Therefore, our results suggest that DFG could be an effective novel source, as a fat replacer, for manufacturing of low-fat frankfurters.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 1983

Dielectric properties of sardine-starch paste with moisture content of 4 to $13\%$ were investigated as functions of moisture and frequency. And the effects of the levels of fat and starch of the mixtures upon dielectric permittivity, critical moisture, were also mentioned. In addition, a theoretical prediction of frequency dependence of dielectric constant which was computed by the lumped circuit of two layer condenser model was evaluated. For the preparation of sardine-starch paste, comminuted sardine meat was washed thoroughly several times in chilled water by soaking and decanting, and finally centrifuged. This procedure was extended longer to provide a low fat sample. The centrifuged meat was mixed with adequate amounts of starch and salt, and ground for 25 minutes in a stone mortar, moulded in the form of disk with 7cm diameter and 1.2cm thickness and then freeze dried. Dried meat disks were cut off for the size of 5.5cm diameter and 1.0cm thickness and their moisture contents were controlled in humidified desiccators with saturated solutions. Dielectric constants of sardine-starch paste tended to decrease frequency was increased showing a critical charge at the moisture called critical moisture content. In case of the sample with $20\%$ starch and $2\%$ salt an average complex permittivity($\epsilon^{\ast}$) at 7 to $8\%$ morsture as the critical moisture content was presented; $\epsilon^{\ast}$=3.37+j 0.39 at 0.1 MHz, $\epsilon^{\ast}$=2.54+j 0.19 at 15 MHz, and $\epsilon^{\ast}$=2.15+j 0.08 at 1.8 GHz, respectively. The theoretically obtained complex permittivity values from the two layer condoner model were in close agreement with these actual measurements under the same conditions, that appeared as $\epsilon^{\ast}$=2.53+i 0.09 at 0.1 MHz and $\epsilon^{\ast}$=2.28+j 0.06 at 15 MHz, respectively. The fast level of the mixture also revealed an influence on dielectric property that defatted neat with $1.0\%$ fat showed a higher hc and $\epsilon^{\ast}$ value than the meat with $4.8\%$ fat. Complex permittivity being related to the moisture level remained nearly unchanged or slightly changed at the moisture range of 4 to $8\%$ but was dispersed widely at higher moisture contents.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2000

초음파를 이용한 목재의 비파괴시험은 등급구분 수분 및 결점 탐지, 썩은 정도 평가 등의 용도에 적용되고 있다. 이와 같은 기술을 실제로 적용하기 위해서는 목재 내의 초음파 전달과 목재의 성질 사이의 관계에 대한 기본적인 연구가 선행되어야 한다. 이 연구에서는 함수율과 섬유경사각이 초음파 전달 속도에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 낙엽송과 소나무를 대상으로 초음파 비파괴시험을 실시하였다. 함수율에 대한 시험을 위한 시험편은 생재상태, 30%, 20%, 10% 및 전건상태의 함수율을 갖도록 준비하였고 섬유경사각에 대한 시험을 위해서는 접선방향으로 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 및 90도의 섬유경사각을 갖는 시험편을 준비하였다. 초음파 전달 속도는 섬유포화점에 근사한 30% 이하의 낮은 함수율 범위에서는 함수율에 반비례하였으며 이보다 높은 함수율 범위에서는 함수율에 관계없이 일정한 경향을 나타내었다. 목재의 압축강도와 함수율 사이의 관계에서도 이와 유사한 경향이 관찰되었다. 목재의 섬유경사각도 초음파 전달 속도 및 압축강도와 반비례하는 경향을 나타내었다. 압축강도와 초음파 전달 속도 사이의 관계는 정비례하는 관계로서 하나의 직선식으로 나타낼 수 있었다.