• 수면정신생리
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.53-69
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• 2021

Sleep disorders, increasingly prevalent in the general population, induce impairment in daytime functioning and other clinical problems. As changes in cortical excitability have been reported as potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying sleep disorders, multiple studies have explored clinical effects of modulating cortical excitability through non-invasive brain stimulation in treating sleep disorders. In this study, we critically reviewed clinical studies using non-invasive brain stimulation, particularly transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), for treatment of sleep disorders. Previous studies have reported inconsistent therapeutic effects of TMS and tDCS for various kinds of sleep disorders. Specifically, low-frequency repetitive TMS (rTMS) and cathodal tDCS, both of which exert an inhibitory effect on cortical excitability, have shown inconsistent therapeutic effects for insomnia. On the other hand, high-frequency rTMS and anodal tDCS, both of which facilitate cortical excitability, have improved the symptoms of hypersomnia. In studies of restless legs syndrome, high-frequency rTMS and anodal tDCS induced inconsistent therapeutic effects. Single TMS and rTMS have shown differential therapeutic effects for obstructive sleep apnea. These inconsistent findings indicate that the distinctive characteristics of each non-invasive brain stimulation method and specific pathophysiological mechanisms underlying particular sleep disorders should be considered in an integrated manner for treatment of various sleep disorders. Future studies are needed to provide optimized TMS and tDCS protocols for each sleep disorder, considering distinctive effects of non-invasive brain stimulation and pathophysiology of each sleep disorder.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.148-156
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• 2021

Single-chain antibodies against epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) are potentially promising agents for developing antibody-based cancer treatment strategies. We described in our previous study the successful expression of an anti-EGFRvIII scFv antibody in Escherichia coli. However, we could also observe the formation of insoluble aggregates in the periplasmic space, limiting the production yield of the active product. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms by which growth conditions could affect the expression of the soluble anti-EGFRvIII scFv antibody in small-scale E. coli NiCo21(DE3) cultures, attempting to maximize production. The secreted scFv molecules were purified using Ni-NTA magnetic beads and protein characterization was performed using SDS-PAGE and western blot analyses. We used the ImageJ software for protein quantification and determined the antigen-binding activity of the scFv antibody against the EGFRvIII protein. Our results showed that the highest percentage of soluble scFv expression could be achieved under culture conditions that combined low IPTG concentration (0.1 mM), low growth temperature (18℃), and large culture dish surface area. We found moderate-yield soluble scFv production in the culture medium after lactose-mediated induction, which was also beneficial for downstream protein processing. These findings were confirmed by conducting western blot analysis, indicating that the soluble, approximately 30-kDa scFv molecule was localized in the periplasm and the extracellular space. Moreover, the antigen-binding assay confirmed the scFv affinity against the EGFRvIII antigen. In conclusion, our study reveals that low-speed protein expression is preferable to obtain more soluble anti-EGFRvIII scFv protein in an E. coli expression system.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.103-114
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• 1995

일부 malignant tumor에 Pt-complex의 일상 응용 과정에서 신장독성등의 심한 부작용이 문제점으로 지적되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 기존의 cisplatin보다 항암효과는 우수하면서, 부작용을 감소시킨 새로운 Pt-complex의 개발에 역점을 두었다. 본 연구에서 합성한 Pt(Ⅱ) complex는 carrier ligand로서 1,2-diaminocyclohexane(dach)을 사용하였고, leaving group으로는 diophosphine류인 1,2-bisdiphenylphosphinoethane(DPPE)을 도입하였으며, 물에 대한 용해도를 높이기 위해 dinitrate로 만들었다. 새로이 합성한 [Pt(Ⅱ)(trans-d-dach)(DPPE)]$(NO_3)_2$는 원소 분석, IR 및 $^{13}C-NMR$ 분석 data에 의하여 위의 물질임이 확인되었다. MTT assay method에 의한 항암활성 연구를 통하여 P-388, L-1210 lymphocytic leukemia cell과 SK-OV3 난소암세포에서 항암효과가 인정되었으며, 이 항암효과는 대조 약물로 사용된 cisplatin과 유사하였다. 토끼의 신세뇨관 세포와 인체의 신피질 세포를 이용한 cytotoxity 및 thymidine 섭취율과 인체 신피질 조직 배양을 이용한 glucose consumption 실험을 통하여 모두 cisplatin보다 신장독성이 현저히 감소되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 Pt(Ⅱ)complexes는 carrier ligand와 leaving group의 선택에 따라 항암활성의 증가와 신독성의 감소를 일으키는 요인으로 보여지며, 이 연구에서 만들어진 Pt(Ⅱ)complex는 앞으로 다각적인 검토를 거쳐 새로운 항암화학요법제로 개발될 가능성이 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.93-102
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• 1996

일부 malignant tumor에 Pt-complex의 임상 응용 과정에서 신장독성등의 심한 부작용이 문제점으로 지적되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 기존의 cisplatin보다 항암효과는 우수하면서, 부작용을 감소시킨 새로운 Pt complex의 개발에 역점을 두었다. 본 연구에서 합성한 Pt(II) complex는 carrier ligand로서 1,2-diaminocyclohexane(dach)을 사용하였고, leaving group으로는 diphosphine류인 1,3-bis (diphenylphosphine의 propane(DPPP) 을 도입하였으며, 물에 대한 용해도를 높이기 위해 dinitrate로 만들었다. 새로이 합성한 [Pt(II)(cia-dach)(DPPP)].$(NO_3)_2$ 은 원소 분석, IR 및 $^{13}C-NMR$ 분석 data에 의하여 위의 물질임이 확인되었다. PC-1은 MTT assay method에 의한 항암활성 연구를 통하여 SKOV-3, OVCAR-3 human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells에서 항암효과가 인정되었으며, 이 항암효과는 대조 약물로 사용된 cisplatin과 유사하였다. PC-1은 토끼의 신세뇨관 세포와 인체의 신피질 세포를 이용한 cytotoxity 및 thymidine 섭취율과 인체 신피질 조직 배양을 이용한 glucose consumption 실험을 통하여 모두 cisplatin보다 신장독성이 현저히 감소되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 Pt(II) complex는 carrier ligand와 leaving group의 선택에 따라 항암활성의 증가와 신독성의 감소를 일으키는 요인으로 보여지며, 이 연구에서 만들어진 새로운 Pt(II) complex는 앞으로 다각적인 검토를 거쳐 새로운 anticancer chemotherapeutic agent로 개발될 가능성이 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제18권3E호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2006

Environment-friendly materials are increasingly used as building construction materials nowadays, and the market share of those is growing. Accordingly, the research and developments in terms of environmental value are progressing steadily now. The main characteristics of environmental products are far-infrared radiation, negative-ion emission, electromagnetic wave shielding, and antimicrobial property. These products are often used in mortar and as spray on the finishing material. Nevertheless, there are hardly any research on the functional properties of concrete, the main material in construction field. Thus, we evaluated such basic properties of concrete as slump, compressive strength and air content while using such functional materials as sericite, wood-pattern sandstone, carbon black and nano-metric silver solution to focus on their functional properties like far-infrared radiation, negative ion emission, electro magnetic wave shielding, and antimicrobial activity in this research. The results indicated that the most useful material in the functional materials was carbon black. Sericite and nano-metric silver solution had a little effect on the functional property. Moreover, although wood-pattern sandstone had very high functional property, it exhibited too low compressive strength to be applied, to concrete as a factory product. Antimicrobial property of nano-metric silver solution in the concrete was not clear demonstrated, but if these specimens were to be aged in $CO_2$ gas for a long time, it might be apparent.

• 대한근전도전기진단의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.130-134
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• 2018

A 36-year-old male patient developed diffuse low back pain. His past medical history was unremarkable and had no family history of neuromuscular disease. He had no bladder and bowel problems. Creatine kinase was 172 U/L (normal < 170). Other fluid and blood chemistry tests were normal. Manual muscle test grades of extremities and sensory examination were normal. Muscle stretch reflexes were normal. Fasciculations and myotonia were not detected. Straight leg raising test was negative. There was no spinal root compression, spinal stenosis, or signal intensity change of spinal cord on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fatty change and atrophy of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar paraspinal muscles were noted on MRI. Nerve conduction studies were normal. Electromyography showed 1+ positive sharp waves in the lumbar paraspinal muscles. Electromyography of upper and lower extremity muscles revealed no abnormal spontaneous activity. We report a rare case of severe paraspinal muscle atrophy with fatty degeneration in a Young Adult.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2023

This study examined the effect of solar flux (F10.7) and sunspots number (R) on the daily variation of equatorial electrojet (EEJ) and morning/afternoon counter electrojet (MCEJ/ACEJ) in the ionospheric E region across the eight longitudinal sectors during quiet days from January 2008 to December 2013. In particular, we focus on both minimum and maximum solar cycle of 24. For this purpose, we have collected a 6-year ground-based magnetic data from multiple stations to investigate EEJ/CEJ climatology in the Peruvian, Brazilian, West & East African, Indian, Southeast Asian, Philippine, and Pacific sectors with the corresponding F10.7 and R data from satellites simultaneously. Our results reveal that the variations of monthly mean EEJ intensities were consistent with the variations of solar flux and sunspot number patterns of a cycle, further indicating that there is a significant seasonal and longitudinal dependence. During the high solar cycle period, F10.7 and R have shown a strong peak around equinoctial months, consequently, the strong daytime EEJs occurred in the Peruvian and Southeast Asian sectors followed by the Philippine regions throughout the years investigated. In those sectors, the correlation between the day Maxima EEJ and F10.7 strengths have a positive value during periods of high solar activity, and they have relatively higher values than the other sectors. A predominance of MCEJ occurrences is observed in the Brazilian (TTB), East African (AAE), and Peruvian (HUA) sectors. We have also observed the CEJ dependence on solar flux with an anti-correlation between ACEJ events and F10.7 are observed especially during a high solar cycle period.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.167-176
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• 2008

태평양 해양 지각판과 인도-호주 대륙 지각판간 섭입작용에 의해 형성된 남태평양 라우분지는 활동성 후열도분지로서 해저열수광상이 부존할 가능성이 매우 높은 지역이다. 한국해양연구원은 라우분지를 대상으로 다중음향측심장비(EM120)을 이용하여 정밀지형조사를 실시하여 열수활동이 활발할 것으로 예측되는 해저 지각 확장축 주변지역 (FRSC)과 해저화산 지역(MTJ)을 선별하였다. 또한, 표층 및 심해견인 자력탐사결과를 토대로 저 자기이상 현상을 나타내는 열수광체 지역을 선정하였다. 표층 및 심해 견인 자력탐사 결과 해령에서 주로 나타나는 Central Anomaly Magnetization High(CAMH)가 FRSC-2 지역에서 관측되었으며, MTJ-1 지역에서는 열수분출작용으로 추정되는 저자화이상이 발견되었다. CTD 시스템을 이용하여 열수 플룸 추적자인 투명도, 수소이온(pH), 미생물생체량(ATP), 메탄$(CH_4)$농도를 실시간으로 측정한 결과 FRSC-2와 MTJ-1 지역은 현재 매우 활발한 화산 활동이 진행되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이 지역에서 채취한 열수분출공과 기반암 시료는 이 지역에서 열수활동이 진행되었거나 진행되고 있으며, 실제로 열수 광체가 부존하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 첨단 해저면 영상장비를 사용하지 않고도, 전통적인 해양 지구물리탐사 방법이 해저열수광상의 탐지에 비용 효과적인 탐사방법임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 2008년도 한국우주과학회보 제17권2호
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• pp.33.3-34
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• 2008

As an activity of building Korean Space Weather Prediction Center (KSWPC), we has studied of radiation effect on the spacecraft components. High energy charged particles trapped by geomagnetic field in the region named Van Allen Belt can move to low altitude along magnetic field and threaten even low altitude spacecraft. Space Radiation can cause equipment failures and on occasions can even destroy operations of satellites in orbit. Sun sensors aboard Science and Technology Satellite (STSAT-1) was designed to detect sun light with silicon solar cells which performance was degraded during satellite operation. In this study, we try to identify which particle contribute to the solar cell degradation with ground based radiation facilities. We measured the short circuit current after bombarding electrons and protons on the solar cells same as STSAT-1 sun sensors. Also we estimated particle flux on the STSAT-1 orbit with analyzing NOAA POES particle data. Our result clearly shows STSAT-1 solar cell degradation was caused by energetic protons which energy is about 700 keV to 1.5 MeV. Our result can be applied to estimate solar cell conditions of other satellites.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.821-827
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• 2018

골다공증을 치료하기 위하여 조골세포의 재형성 증가를 위해 사용되는 장치에서는 뼈의 외부에서 자기장을 인가하게 되면 뼈에 포함된 무기질이 일정한 방향으로 정렬되며, 세차운동을 하게 된다. 이러한 상황에서 RF 코일을 이용하여 90도 RF 펄스를 인가하면 무기질의 양성자가 여기 상태에 이르게 되며, 뼈 속에서의 조골세포의 침착에 촉진하는 인의 활성도가 증가하여 뼈의 재형성이 증가하게 된다. 이 때 세차 운동 주파수의 고조파에 해당하는 신호를 RF 코일에서 90도 RF 펄스로 발생시키는 RF 코일의 크기를 소형화하면 조골세포 재형성 시스템의 전체 크기를 획기적으로 감소시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 조골세포 재형성 시스템에 사용될 수 있는 RF 코일의 소형화를 위한 방법론을 제시하며, 설계 후 측정을 통하여 검증한다. 본 연구에서 구현한 RF 코일의 커패시터는 25 pF, 인덕터는 약 100 nH, 공진주파수는 대략 96 MHz이며, 제작된 RF 코일의 end 링의 반지름은 18 cm, 다리 총 길이는 $2{\times}11.6cm$이다.