• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.19
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• pp.78-82
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• 1975

The fatty acid composition of the oil in the rapeseed grown by spring and autumn planting were determined by gas liquid phase chromatography. Erucic acid content of the rapeseed oil grown by autumn planting was higher than that produced by spring planting, but the contents of oleic acid and linoleic acid were lower in autumn planting than those in spring planting. There was significant difference at 1% level between seasonal plantings. The reasons for the different fatty acid compositions were the low integrated temperature, the high amount of precipitation and the short hours of sunshine during the maturing period in autumn planting.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.298-302
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• 1995

This study was performed to know the availability of low erucic acid rapeseed oil (LEAR oil) for vegetable oil in commercial mayonnaise preparation. Mixed oils (blended soybean oil with LEAR oil) were prepared and mayonnaises were prepared with these oils and then compared the quality characteristics of these samples. The oxidative stability of vegetable oil with Rancimat test showed that LEAR oil was higher stability than soybean oil, and became higher with increase of LEAR oil ratio. Quality characteristics of mayonnaises with these oils showed that mayonnaise with mixed oils was preferred to that with LEAR oil itself. Furthermore, the quality characteristics of mayonnaises with mixed oils of soybean oil $(20{\sim}60%)$ plus LEAR oil $(80{\sim}40%)$ were better than those of mayonnaise with soybean oil solely.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.s01
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• pp.98-114
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• 1988

This study was conducted to investigate the status and prospects of seed quality researches in rapeseed. Rapeseed Quality was mainly related to oil and protein content, fatty acid composition and glucosinolate content. Hence, breeding for improvement of rapeseed Quality has been emphasized as follows: 1) inheritance mode, 2) investigation of germplasm, 3) establishment of analysis technique, 4) establishment of selection method, 5) idealization of cultural technique. The oil quality is determined by its fatty acids. Fatty acids have been determined by gas chromatography. To improve oil quality was emphasized for zero erucic acid, the highest possible linoleic acid and the lowest possible linolenic acid content. Rapeseed meal is not considered as top quality feed ingredient although it has higher protein content and well-balanced amino acid composition. This is mainly because of the presence of considerable amounts of glucosinolates. Thus the reduction of glucosinolate content in rapeseed meal is of great importance. In breeding for meal quality, low glucosinolate lines (plants) were selected and analyzed by gas chromatography and UV-spectrophotometer. Current problems and future researches of rapeseed quality in Korea are 1) improvement of researcher's number and facilities, 2) depression of animal feeding trials, 3) unsatisfied relationship between research and manufacturing and products field, 4) improvement of fertility for yellow and thin seed coat lines crossed between mustard and rapeseed, 5) establishment of new rapid analysing system for rapeseed quality.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2007

Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) was used as a rapid and nondestructive method to determine the fatty acid composition in intact seed samples of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.). A total of 349 samples(about 2 g of intact seeds) were scanned in the reflectance mode of a scanning monochromator, and the reference values for fatty acid composition were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Calibration equations for individual fatty acids were developed using the regression method of modified partial least-squares with internal cross validation(n=249). The equations had low SECV(standard errors of cross-validation), and high $R^2$(coefficient of determination in calibration) values(>0.8) except for palmitic and eicosenoic acid. Prediction of an external validation set(n=100) showed significant correlation between reference values and NIRS estimated values based on the SEP(standard error of prediction), $r^2$(coefficient of determination in prediction), and the ratio of standard deviation(SD) of reference data to SEP. The models developed in this study had relatively higher values(> 3.0 and 0.9, respectively) of SD/SEP(C) and $r^2$ for oleic, linoleic, and erucic acid, characterizing those equations as having good quantitative information. The results indicated that NIRS could be used to rapidly determine the fatty acid composition in rapeseed seeds in the breeding programs for high quality rapeseed oil.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47
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• pp.175-185
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• 2002

Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop as a vegetable oil, concentrated feed and industrial materials. The name "canola" was registered in 1979 by the Western Canadian Oilseed Crushers Association to describe "double-low" varieties. Double low indicates that the processed oil contains less than 2% erucic-acid and the meal less than 3mg/g of glucosinolates. Today annual worldwide production of rapeseed is approximately 35 million tons on 24 million hectares. China accounts for 33% of the world production and the European Economic Community for nearly 32%. Canola ranks 3rd in production among the world's oilseed crops following soybeans, sunflowers, peanuts and cottonseed. The recent advances in genomics and in gene function studies has allowed us to understand the detailed genetic basis of many complex traits, such as flowering time, height, and disease resistance. The manipulation of seed oil content via transgene insertion has been one of the earliest successful applications of modern biotechnology in agriculture. For example, the first transgenic crop with a modified seed composition to be approved for unrestricted commercial cultivation in the US was a lauric oil, rape-seed, grown in 1995. There were also some significant early successes, mostly notably the achievement of 40% to 60% lauric acid content in rapeseed oil, which normally accumulates little or no lauric acid. The name "$\textrm{Laurical}^{TM}$" was registered in 1995 by Calgene Inc. Nevertheless, attempts to achieve high levels of other novel fatty acids in seed oils have met with much less success and there have been several reports that the presence of novel fatty acids in transgenic plants can sometimes lead to the induction of catabolic pathways which break down the novel fatty acid, i.e. the plant recognizes the "strange" fatty acid and, far from tolerating it, may even actively eliminate it from the seed oil. It is likely that, in the future, transgenic oil crops and newly domesticated oil crops will both be developed in order to provide the increased amount and diversity of oils which will be required for both edible and industrial use. It is important that we recognize that both approaches have both positive and negative points. It will be a combination of these two strategies that is most likely to supply the increasing demands for plant oils in the 21st century and beyond.ant oils in the 21st century and beyond.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 1983

In order to establish tissue lipid status in animal on feeding of various dietary fat and oils, each group of rats was fed a semisynthetic diet containing 10%(w/w) mackerel oil (MO), eel oil (EO), soybean oil (SO), rapeseed oil (RO) or beef tallow (BT) for 1, 2 and 4 weeks, After each feeding period, levels of cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid were measured in serum. Fatty acid ${\leftarrow}$ composition was also investigated in serum and tissue lipids. Levels of total serum cholesterol were lower but HDL-cholesterol were higher in fish oil groups, which resulted in significantly higher ratio of HDL to total cholesterol in the fish oil groups. Fish oil groups, in general, also had lower levels of serum triglyceride and phospholipid than other groups, but S0 group maintained as low phospholipid levrl as fish oil groups. Fatty acid composition of dietary fat was reflected in all the tissues investigated but with varying degrees. Very long chain fatty acids, specific components exclusively found in fish oils were most well reflected in liver and relatively well in serum, whereas linoleic acid and erucic acid of SO and RO in the diet were better shown up in heart and adipose tissue. It attracted a particular attention that major proportions of long chain monoenoic acids $(C_{22:1})$ occurring both in MO and RO were detected separately in liver and heart plus adipose tissue, the result of which strongly indicates that there is a significant difference in metabolism between isomers $(C_{22:1}\;w\;11\;and\;C_{22:1}\;w\;9,\;respectively)$. It is suggested from this study that differences in lipid status as well as in the levels of serum lipids result from uniqueness in metabolism of each different fatty acid and give rise to distinguishable change in serum lipoprotein pattern, followed by diet with different fat sources.