• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.246-253
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• 2019

This study was conducted to explore the optimum proportion of zeolite and zeolite-kaolin as additives to cement clinker and gypsum samples, while maintaining the strength properties of produced environmentally sustainable cements. According to the British standard method, zeolite was added to cement clinker in proportions of 5-12% and 10-12% by weight, respectively, in the preparation of samples of zeolite-containing cement and zeolite-kaolin-based cement. Kaolin was used as a second additive as 10-20% of the total weight. The compressive strength tests were performed on base cement samples according to a standard procedure given in ASTM C109 Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement. These values were compared with those of the reference sample and the Omani allowable limits. The results indicated that the best compressive strength values were obtained with 88% cement clinker, 5% gypsum, and 7% zeolite for the zeolite-containing cement. Quantities of 70% cement clinker, 5% gypsum, 10% zeolite, and 15% kaolin gave the best results for zeolite-kaolin-based cement, resulting in a substitution of than 25% cement clinker. The study concluded that the partial cement clinker replacement using zeolite/kaolin combination may have a great influence on the reduction of $CO_2$ emission and energy saving in cement manufacturing.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2012

PURPOSES : This study is to evaluate the feasibility of setting the standard of cement alkali content by using ASTM C 1260(accelerated mortar bar test) METHODS : This study analyzes the ASR(alkali silica reaction) expansion of cement mortar bar based on the changes in the aggregate type(fine, coarse), cement type(ordinary, low alkali), and replacement contents of fly ash. ASR tests were conducted according to ASTM C 1260. RESULTS : In this test results, There is no big difference in the ASR expansion between ordinary cement and low alkali cement. From this test results, it was found that the variation of cement alkali content did not have a effect on ASR expansion because mortar bar was placed in a container with sufficient alkali aqueous solution at high temperature during the test process of ASTM C 1260. CONCLUSIONS : It is evidently clear that the alkali content of cement have a effect on ASR. But ASTM C 1260 is difficult to assess this effect.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2004

Properties of concrete using low heat portland cement is different from using ordinary portland cement and temperature of aggregate can be expected to have an important influence on its properties. In this study, experiment by setting up 5 levels (40, 30, 20, 4, $-2^{\circ}C$) by temperature of aggregate for evaluation properties of concrete using low heat portland cement was conducted. The experiments include slump test, air content test, change of slump, change of air content and compressive strength of concrete test. As the result of experiments, slump and air content was decreased by increasing temperature of aggregate. But it was not exceeding it's limit. Change of slump and air content was rapidly decrease by decreasing temperature of aggregate. At early age, compressive strength was influenced by the temperature of aggregate.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.53-59
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• 1981

This experiment was carried out to find out the effectiveness of soil cement stabilization about the Song-I in Cheju province. The results are summarized as follows; 1.The increasing ratio of unconfined compressive strength according to the increment of cement content was markedly low compared with the weathered granite soil, so the effect of stabilization was low. 2.The moisture content of the sample of Song-I indicates the maximum unconfined compressive strength showed at the 5% or so of dry side than the optimum moisture content and the change of the unconfined compressive strength according to the change of moisture content was not sensitive compared with the weathered granite soil. 3.Generally the primary strength of curing age within 7 days of the sulfate resisting cement was low compared with the normal portland cement and the strength of 28 curing days showed a similar tendency, especially in case of Song-I, and it seemed that the sulfate resisting cement was a little more effective than the normal portland cement. 4.As the unconfined compressive strength of grain size controlled Song-I was low compared with the weathered granite soil, so the rate of weight loss by the durability test was great, therefore it was thought that the durability was weak.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.130-135
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• 1999

고로슬래그 시멘트의 저온 조기 강도를 증진키 위하여 고로슬래그의 분말도를 높이고 낮은 물:시멘트 비(W/C)의 혼합수량을 사용하였다. 분쇄조제를 사용하여 6,280$\textrm{cm}^2$/g(Blaine)로 미분쇄한 고로슬래그를 일반 포틀랜드 시멘트와 혼합하여 고로슬래그 40%의 고로슬래그 시멘트를 만들었다. 그리고 시판의 naphthalene계 고성능감수제를 사용하여 혼합수량을 W/C=0.50(KS L 5105)에서 W/C=0.33으로 저하시킬 수 있었다. 상술한 방법을 통하여 고로슬래그 시멘트의 저온 조기 강도를 포트랜드 시멘트 강도보다 오히려 더 높게 향상시킬 수 있었으며, 기공구조 및 임피던스 분석의 방법으로 본 시멘트의 미세구조를 조사하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2000

In order to investigate the properties of the blended cement using coarsely ground blasturnace slag blended coements which were substituted from 10 to 70 wt% low Blaine slag powder (2,000 and 3,000 cm2/g) for porland cement clinker were prepared and Cal(OH)2 contents in hydrates hydration heat the fluidity and the compressive strength were measured. As the content of slag was increased the hydration heat and the early strength was decreased and the fluidity of the cement paste was improved. The heat evolution of the cement with 2,000cm2/g slag was lower than that of 3,000 cm2/g slag blended cement. Especially the heat evolution of 60wt% or above slag blended cement was similar to that of belite rich cement.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.95-108
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• 2023

Soft soil ground is a crucial factor limiting the development of the construction of transportation infrastructure in coastal areas. Soft soil is characterized by low strength, low permeability and high compressibility. However, the ordinary treatment method uses Portland cement to solidify the soft soil, which has low early strength and requires a long curing time. Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is an emerging method to address geo-environmental problems associated with geotechnical materials. In this study, a method of bio-cementitious mortars consisting of MICP and cement was proposed to stabilize the soft soil. A series of laboratory tests were conducted on MICP-treated and cement-MICP-treated (C-MICP-treated) soft soils to improve mechanical properties. Microscale observations were also undertaken to reveal the underlying mechanism of cement-soil treated by MICP. The results showed that cohesion and internal friction angles of MICP-treated soft soil were greater than those of remolded soft soil. The UCS, elastic modulus and toughness of C-MICP-treated soft soil with high moisture content (50%, 60%, 70%, 80%) were improved compared to traditional cement-soil. A remarkable difference was observed that the MICP process mainly played a role in the early curing stage (i.e., within 14 days) while cement hydration continued during the whole process. Micro-characterization revealed that the calcium carbonate filling the pores enhanced the soft soil.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.281-289
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• 1998

본 연구는 해양 매스 콘크리트 구조물인 서해대교 사장교 주탑기초(L${\times}$D${\times}$H : 66${\times}$28${\times}$32~38.2)에 콘크리트 타설시 다짐작업을 생략할 수 있고, 수화열에 의한 온도균열 발생을 제어할 수 있는 콘크리트의 사용에 대하여 적극적으로 검토한 것으로서 혼합형 저발열 시멘트를 사용한 초유동 콘크리트와 현장에서 사용중인 5종 시멘트를 사용한 25-240-15 보통 콘크리트를 주탑 기초 일부분에 적용하여 유동성, 강도발현 성능, 재료분리 저항성, 수화열, 내해수성 등을 비교 평가한 것이다. 그 결과, 저발열시멘트를 사용한 초유동 콘크리트는 별도의 다짐 작업없이도 우수한 작업성과 자기 충전성, 재료분리 저항성을 나타냈으며, 5종시멘트를 사용한 25-240-15보통 콘크리트보다 단위시멘트량이 54kg/$m^2$ 정도 증가했음에도 불구하고 오히려 수화열은 $10^{\circ}C$이상 저감되어 온도균열 제어에 매우 효과적임을 확인할 수 잇었다. 또한 부재에서 채취한 코아의 압축강도는 5종시멘트를 사용한 25-240-15 보통 콘크리트와 동등한 강도 발현율을 나타내었다. 특히 해수중 염소이온의 침투에 대한 저항성을 평가하기 위해 실시한 촉진 염소이온침투 시험결과 통과전하량이 5종 보통 콘크리트보다 5배정도 낮게 나타났으며, 기타 화학물질에 대한 저항성은 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 따라서 저발열 시멘트를 사용한 초유동 콘크리트는 유동성개선에 의한 다짐 작업의 생략 효과와 더불어 수화열 저감 효과에 따른 온도균열제어 및 공기단축 등으로 주탑기초의 콘크리트에 매우 유리한 시멘트라고 판단되었다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.714-717
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• 2000

To consider sulfate resistance of cement pastes and motars for 3 types of portland cements which have different $C_3A$ contents an silicate ratio($C_3S/C_2S$), they were immersed in 5% sodium sulfate solution for 400 days. SEM analysis and ($Ca(OH)_2$ contents of cement pastes, and compressive strength and length change of cement mortars, were performed to investigate the effects of ($C_3$ and ($Ca(OH)_2$ contents. According to the results of this study, low heat portland cement pastes, and compressive strength and length change of cement mortars, were performed to investigate the effects of C3A and ($Ca(OH)_2$ contents. According to the results of this study, low heat portland cement had a good sulfate resistances because of a small quantity of gypsum and ettringite due to less ($Ca(OH)_2$ contents. However, ordinary portland cement had an adverse result. This was also confirmed by SEM analysis.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.1175-1180
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• 2000

Recently, the crack of concrete induced by the heat of hydration of cement is a serious problem for more greater, special and higher strength of concrete structures. The increasing concrete's temperature is mainly caused by the heat of hydration of cement and so, to control the thermal stress of concrete structure is desirable to use low heater material of hydration. There are many methods to diminish the increasing of concrete temperature such as using of low heat cement, addition of fly-ash, application of pre-cooling, etc., and in this study, we evaluate the heating and mechanical properties of ultra low heat mass concrete using Low Heat Portland(KS Type IV) cement with 30% of limestone powder. The results of this study will be applied to side wall and bottom of No. 15 and 16 of underground LNG tank in Inchon.