• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.281-286
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• 1999

This study was conduced to examine the monthly and seasonal variation of $SO_2$, TSP, $O_3$ concentration in Dongsamdong, Pusan coastal area. And the characteristics of air pollution of this area was compared to Kwangbokdong in Pusan and Taehadong in Ullungdo. Monthly mean concentration of $SO_2$ and TSP showed lower than Kwangbokdong, $O_3$ was higher than Kwangbokdong. In case of $SO_2$, seasonal variation of Dongsamdong was remarkabler thn Kwangbokdong and the concentration difference of early morning and daytime was higher than Kwangbokdong. Taehadong showed very lower concentration as background area. In case of TSP, Dongsamdong was lower concentration and smaller diurnal change than Kwangbokdong, Taehadong showed very lower concentration as backgound area. In case of $O_3$, Dongsamdong was 10ppb higher than Kwangbokdong at daytime maximum concentration, diurnal change of concentration was higher, too. In case of frequency distribution of concentration, $SO_2$, and TSP at Dongsamdong showed higher frequency in low concentration class and $O_3$ showed in high concentration class as compared with Kwangbokdong.

• Journal of Ubiquitous Convergence Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2007

This paper presents a set of techniques used in a real-time visual surveillance system. The system is implemented on a low-cost embedded DSP platform that is designed to work with stationary video sources. It consists of detection, a tracking and a classification module. The detector uses a statistical method to establish the background model and extract the foreground pixels. These pixels are grouped into blobs which are classified into single person, people in a group and other objects by the dynamic periodicity analysis. The tracking module uses mean shift algorithm to locate the target position. The system aims to control the human density in the surveilled scene and detect what happens abnormally. The major advantage of this system is the real-time capability and it only requires a video stream without other additional sensors. We evaluate the system in the real application, for example monitoring the subway entrance and the building hall, and the results prove the system's superior performance.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 1992

This study was performed to evaluate contamination degree of heavy metals in sediments of Han River, compared with other nation's evaluation method. The results were as follows 1. The contamination Ratio calculation method by heavy metal concentration in differnt fraction size has a limitation to apply to all of the areas of Han river because of its characteristics of sediment. As a result, this method applied to only 4 areas of Pal Dang, Wang Sook Chon, Uk Chon, and Bul Kwang Chon, and Contmination Ratio of heavy metals in those areas were relatively low of below 3. So it's considered that those areas have less contaminated from anthropogenic contaminants. 2. The Contamination Ratio calculation method by heavy metal concentration in different areasthat of upper area to be background level-has a limitation also to apply to Han river. But it is considered that this method was relatively suitable to apply, so it should be prepared evaluation standand method for them. Contamination ratio from background level as Pal Dang area were most high in An Yang Chon. So it must be prepared purification and control measure at An Yang Chon.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.24 no.68
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• pp.31-36
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• 2001

Prior to the Independent Visual Background(IVB) luminance control experiment, we studied that IVB could reduce the simulator sickness depending on subject＇s knowledge about the IVB (expectation group) or non-IVB (no expectation group). As results of experiments from 12 subjects, expectation group＇s RSSQ scores were similar, no matter IVB was present or not. However, non-expectation group＇s RSSQ scores were lower when the IVB were present. The result from this experiment confirms the findings of Duh (2001), that an IVB may alleviate SS. However this effect was found only at the expectation group. Failure to replicate Duh＇s results could be due to several factors, such as individual differences in response to the IVB and the low number of subjects (n=6) in the no expectation group.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.114-127
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• 2017

This paper proposes a color image coding algorithm based on shape-adaptive all phase biorthogonal transform (SA-APBT). This algorithm is implemented through four procedures: color space conversion, image segmentation, shape coding, and texture coding. Region-of-interest (ROI) and background area are obtained by image segmentation. Shape coding uses chain code. The texture coding of the ROI is prior to the background area. SA-APBT and uniform quantization are adopted in texture coding. Compared with the color image coding algorithm based on shape-adaptive discrete cosine transform (SA-DCT) at the same bit rates, experimental results on test color images reveal that the objective quality and subjective effects of the reconstructed images using the proposed algorithm are better, especially at low bit rates. Moreover, the complexity of the proposed algorithm is reduced because of uniform quantization.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.41.3-41.3
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• 2019

Ices in interstellar environments are well traced mostly by their absorption features in the near- to mid-infrared spectrum. The infrared camera (IRC) aboard AKARI provides us the near-infrared spectroscopic data which cover $2.5-5.0{\mu}m$ with a spectral resolution of R ~ 120. Our AKARI spectroscopic survey of young stellar objects (YSOs), including low-luminosity protostars and background stars, revealed the absorption features of $H_2O$, $CO_2$, CO, and XCN ice components. We present near-infrared spectra of the observed targets and compare their ice abundances with those previously derived from various YSOs and the background stars behind dense molecular clouds and cores. In addition, we suggest possible science cases for SPHEREx, NASA's new near-infrared space observatory, based on the results from our AKARI IRC spectroscopic study.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.166-179
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• 2021

Recently, with the development of technology, computer vision research based on the human visual system has been actively conducted. Saliency maps have been used to highlight areas that are visually interesting within the image, but they can suffer from low performance due to external factors, such as an indistinct background or light source. In this study, existing color, brightness, and contrast feature maps are subjected to multiple shape and orientation filters and then connected to a fully connected layer to determine pixel intensities within the image based on location-based weights. The proposed method demonstrates better performance in separating the background from the area of interest in terms of color and brightness in the presence of external elements and noise. Location-based weight normalization is also effective in removing pixels with high intensity that are outside of the image or in non-interest regions. Our proposed method also demonstrates that multi-filter normalization can be processed faster using parallel processing.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.385-396
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• 2022

Abusive head trauma (AHT) in infants, especially acute subdural hematoma, has an extremely poor outcome. The most decisive and important finding is the appearance of a widespread low-density area on head computed tomography. This phenomenon was traditionally thought to be caused by cerebral ischemia. However, many other pathophysiological abnormalities have been found to be intricately involved. Recent studies have found that status epilepticus and hyperperfusion injures are the major causes. Another serious problem associated with AHT is cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA). Many infants are reported to visit to the hospital with CPA, and its pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated. This paper examines the background of these pathological conditions and associated factors and elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in poor outcomes in AHT. In addition to the intensity of assault on the head, the peculiar pathophysiological characteristics in infants, as well as the social background specific to child abuse, are found to be associated with poor outcome.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.315-327
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• 2017

In this paper, we present a method for estimating of position and velocity of a moving target by using the range and the bearing measurements from multiple sensors of aiming unit. In many cases, conventional low cost gyro sensor and a portable laser range finder(LRF) degrade the accuracy of estimation. To enhance these problems, we propose two methods. The first is background image tracking and the other is principal component analysis (PCA). The background tracking is used to assist the low cost gyro censor. And the PCA is used to cope with the problems of a portable LRF. In this paper, we prove that our method is robust with respect to low-frequency, biased and noisy inputs. We also present a comparison between our method and the extended Kalman filter(EKF).

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.149-157
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• 2000

This paper presents the first results of dissolved arsenic in the Kangnung Namdae stream. The distribution of As concentrations measured in 28 August (high water flow) and in 21 November 1997 (low water flow) differs from those of other metals measured during the same period; The concentrations of Doam-dam are lower than those of Obong-dam and accumulation in the downstream in the period of low water flow is not pronounced. The As concentration in the downstream under the low water flow is lower than under high water flow, reciprocally to other metals. Freshwater concentrations are comparable with those measured in pristine river and lower than the world average and the diffrence of concentrations measured during two period is minute. Therefore, the As concentrations in the Namdae stream are background level and the source of As contamination does not exist. In the mixing zone between the freshwater and Donghae seawater, As behave conservatively, indicating the absence of any significant removal or mobilization processes. A first estimation of total dissolved As input from Namdae stream to Donghae coastal sea shows 65.12 kg/yr.