• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.779-786
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• 2009

Lotto is one of the most popular lottery games in the world. In korea the lotto considers numbers 1, 2,..., 45 from which 6 numbers are drawn randomly, without replacement. The profits from the lotto supports social welfare. However, there has been a suspicion that the choice of the winning numbers might not be random. In this study, we applied the randomness test developed by Coronel-Brizio et al. (2008) to the historical korean lotto data to see if the drawing process is random. The result of our study shows that the process was random during two periods under the management of different business companies and of price changes, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.131-133
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• 2017

To predict the future, the accumulated data can be fundamental basic. While many prediction methods based on contingency theory have been used, the prediction of LOTTO number can not be based on the contingency theory. But, this research attempts to suggest the method to predict LOTTO numbers through using the change of the prediction capability on accumulated data.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 2014

A test for randomness of the binary random sequence is proposed in this paper. The proposed test statistic is based on the mean length of runs distributed with truncated geometric distribution and asymptotically ${\chi}^2_2$-distributed when the size of the sequences is large. A small Monte Carlo simulation compared the size of the test with a significant level as well as evaluated the test power. We applied the proposed method to the sequence of yes or no numbers in Lotto 6/45 and concluded that the randomness of Lotto is retained.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.413-418
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• 2004

Statistically illiterate people seem to believe that there are some strategies for choosing winning numbers in lottery. One seemingly plausible strategy is to select the hot numbers which most frequently appeared in the past. In this article we investigate the existence of hot numbers in the Korean national lottery called Lotto. A numerical method is proposed to estimate the exact sampling distribution of test statistic for checking the existence of hot numbers among 45 possible numbers of choice.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.377-400
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• 2004

Lottery fund which amounts 1 trillion 4,004 billion in m, has been used for establishing libraries and buying books as well as other materials. In this regard, it is important to know exact present conditions and characteristics of lottery fund and seek for the need to increase lottery fund for expanding libraries as well as promoting reading culture Also this study suggest the way how lottery fund can be used for library as an opportunity for solving the Pending issues that libraries has delayed for want of funds.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.103-107
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• 2001

Many researches on pressure-swirl injectors due to the variety of application have been conducted on the effects of nozzle design, operating conditions, properties of liquid and ambient conditions on the flow and spray characteristics. The breakup length of conical emulsified fuel sheet resulting from pressure-swirl atomizer using in the oil burner was investigated with the digital image processing method with neat light oil and emulsion with water content of lotto% and the surfactant content of 1-3%. The injection pressure ranged from 0.1 to 1.2 MPa was selected. The various regimes for the stage of spray development within the experimental conditions selected in this study is newly suggested in terms of Ohnesorge number and injection pressure. The breakup length for both criteria show the same tendency even though the random nature of perforation and disintegration process of liquid sheet. The stage of spray development is widely different with the physical properties of liquid atomized, mainly viscosity of liquid. The breakup length decreases smoothly with increase in the injection pressure for the lower viscous liquid.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.87-100
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• 2014

Risk management is recognized as a significant element in Information Security Management while the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is widely used in risk analysis in manufacturing industry. This paper aims to present the development work of the Information Security FMEA Circle (InfoSec FMEA Circle) which is used to support the risk management framework by modifying traditional FMEA methodologies. In order to demonstrate the "appropriateness" of the InfoSec FMEA Circle for the purposes of assessing information security, a case study at Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks Corporation (HKSTP) is employed. The "InfoSec FMEA Circle" is found to be an effective risk assessment methodology that has a significant contribution to providing a stepwise risk management implementation model for information security management.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.133-134
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• 2016

전 세계적으로 많은 국가에서 가장 인기 있게 발행되는 복권은 로또복권이다. 각 나라마다 로또복권의 주당 발행회수나 추첨방식에 있어 조금씩 차이는 있지만 우리나라 역시 세계적인 흐름에 따라 2002년 12월에 처음으로 로또복권의 발매가 시작되어 지금까지 국민의 관심 속에서 지속적으로 성장해오고 있다. 그러나 로또복권 사업으로 발생한 수익을 소외계층에 대한 복지사업, 문화예술 진흥 등 사업에 환원되어 사용되어지고 있지만 진정한 의미보다 대박 인생역전 등의 사행적 이미지가 국민들에게 인식되고 있고 있는 것도 사실이다. 우리나라에서 발행되고 있는 로또복권은 주 1회 발행되며 한 번의 게임 당 1,000원이며 당첨은 1-45번까지의 숫자 중에서 순서에 상관없이 비복원 추출로 6개 당첨 숫자를 추첨하는 방식이다. 본 연구에서는 안드로이드 기반 6개의 조합 로또복권 번호를 자동으로 출력해 주는 애플리케이션을 추천하고자 한다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.333-338
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• 2022

Planning activity is complex process assuming the term "complexity" as a group of elements interconnected each other. The common knowledge about city planning underlines its main aim as: figuring the present, imaging the future, governing every day the territory and the way people use and live it at different scales. When considering the strength of technological opportunities and the spreading of ICT and IoT devices within everyday life, that mean within the life of cities, the complex nature of the urban system increases with the intensification of information and their connections. Recent orientations about urban and regional planning try to carry the discipline to a more flexible approach in respect to the hyperdeterminant role of direct technical applications. This passage is a fundamental aspect considering the faster and faster modifications of social and economic assets at the global and local scale. At the same time, the "environment question" became more and more relevant at the worldwide scale within the 2015 UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Another relevant aspect about the recent urban planning orientations regards the role of the different subjects that are part of the planning process. Approaching the government of smart cities means to define how every subject, with different roles (public or private), could enrich the knowledge of the functioning of the "urban machine" and the awareness of participation of people and city users in the quality of urban life. In the paper author starts defining recent approaches in urban planning, then the nature of the city as a complex system is analyzed from the point of view of planners and of the different subjects that act in the city. Then the smart city is introduced as a further level of complexity and finally author propose the basic element of a Planning Support System.