• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2005

Purpose: The frequency of carbon monoxide poisoning has been decreased in the interior of the Korea. But occasionally it is occurred and the risk of exposure is high in working place so far. Because of the characteristics of gas, the detection of exposure and poisoning could be delayed and fatality is high. We should apprehend of carbon monoxide poisoning. So we would report analysis of patients with carbon monoxide poisoning. Methods: A retrospective review of CO poisoned patients visited emergency department from January 2000 to December 2004 was conducted. Results: 24 patients were enrolled. Their average of age was $37.6\pm20.9$ years old and COHb was $19.4\pm13.32\%$. The blood level of initial COHb and mental status on arrival were not correlated each other. The blood level of initial COHb and loss of consciousness were not correlated, too. Initial electrocardiography (EKG) was not correlated with cardiac enzymes such as CK-MB and troponin I. But base excess was correlated with mental status on arrival and complication such as rhabdomyolysis. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was correlated with base excess and mental status on arrival. Conclusion: The clinical features of carbon monoxide poisoning are nonspecific. For proper diagnosis, it is important that we should consider patient's environment and take patient's history carefully. The blood level of initial COHb does not reflect severity of poisoning accurately. So We should determine the treatment of choice depending on patient's status.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.710-716
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• 1998

It is one of difficulties to control children who show definitely negative behavior in dental clinic. In such a case, the pharmacologic management has been used to provide quality care, minimize the extremes of disruptive behavior, promote a positive psychologic response to treatment and patient welfare and safety. Deep sedation can be defined as a controlled, pharmacologically-induced state of depressed consciousness from which the patient is not easily aroused which may be accompanied by a partial loss of protective reflexes. In this retrospective report, the sedation records of 200 pediatric dental patients of ASA Class I & II who were not successfully treated under conscious sedation were used for analysis. Most frequently used regimen of deep sedation was the co-medication of midazolam(0.3mg/kg), enflurane(1.0-2.0 vol%) and 50-70% $N_2O_2$. The average age and weight of the patients was 4.6 yr (S.D: 2.72) and 18.7kg(S.D: 6.35) respectively. The average operative time was 52 minutes and midazolam (0.1-0.2cc) was additionally administered intranasally to prolong the operative time as needed. The episodes of untoward side effects were reported during and/or after the procedure in 58 patients. Serious adverse reactions such as cyanosis or laryngospasm were even reported in 7 patients but without mortality. Deep sedation is a very effective way of completing the dental treatments for those who failed to respond well to the conscious sedation. This technique has many practical advantages over general anesthesia case but the demands for the rigid monitoring criteria limit its use in general practice setting. The continuous efforts to improve the safety of the medication and the technique are required for the benefits of the patients and parent.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 1993

The syndrome of carotid sinus hypersensitivity is cardovascular symptom complex including lightheadedness, transient loss of consciousness, perspiration, pallor, weakness of lower extremities, transient hypotension, bradycardia and seizure, which occurs from firing of hyperactive carotid sinus reflex. Most cases are idiopathic, but maliganant tumors involving parapharyngeal space have been occasionally implicated. We present a case of carotid sinus hypersensitivity due to nasopharyngeal carcinoma invading the parapharyngeal space with bilateral cervical lymphnode metastases(stage IV, $T_4N_2M_0$). The patient experienced several episodes of severe syncope proceeded by blurring of vision, dizziness and nausea, which were used to occur while he was working in erect position. The tumors were markedly regressed by external radiation therapy with successful resolution of syncope.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.115-120
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• 2009

Woohwangcheongsimwon (WHCSW) is a traditional oriental medicinal fomula which has been clinically used for treating strokes, palpitation, loss of consciousness and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to characterize the putative anxiolytic properties of WHCSW using an elevated plus-maze (EPM) and hole-board test. Control mice were orally treated with an equal volume of vehicle (10% Tween 80 solution), and positive control mice were treated with diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.). In the EPM test, WHCSW significantly increased the percentage of time-spent in the open arms (200 mg/kg, P < 0.05) and the percentage of open arm entries (200 and 400 mg/kg, P < 0.05). WHCSW also significantly increased the number of head-dips in the hole-board test (200 mg/kg, P < 0.05). In addition, the anxiolytic properties of WHCSW examined in the EPM test were inhibited by flumazenil (10 mg/kg, i.p.), a GABA$_A$ antagonist. However, no changes in spontaneous locomotor activity or myorelaxant effects were observed versus 10% Tween 80 controls. These results suggested that WHCSW is an effective anxiolytic agent, and that its anxiolytic effects are mediated via GABA$_A$ receptors.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.78-81
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• 2006

Mad-honey poisoning is mainly brought about by the honey imported from Napal, Turkey, Brazil and other parts of Europe. This mad honey is extracted from Ericaceae plants of Rhododendron species and contains grayanotoxins that causes poisoning. These toxic compounds exert a specific stimulatory action on membrane permeability to Na+ions in various excitable tissues and cause depolarization of cell membranes. The toxic effects of grayanotoxins contained honey are mainly cardiovascular disturbances with bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmia, hypotension. There are Other symptoms like nausea, vomiting, salivation, dizziness, weakness and loss of consciousness. The precise amount for a toxic dose is not known. In general the severity of the honey poisoning depends on the amount ingested. Two cases of mad-honey poisoning are described here. Both patients showed bradycardia and arterial hypotension after ingestion of honey which was brought from Nepal. They were recovered fully within 24 hours after administration of fluids and atropine sulphate.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.57-64
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• 2022

Architectural Monuments have to overcome the challenge of time due to physical properties. The fundamental issue must be grounded in an understanding of history and art to overcome this challenge and make themsustainable. Many efforts to preserve the monuments through the 19^th century and at the beginning of the 20^th century to record them in scientific form were successful. To be aware of the meaning of the art and not to be 'barbare' anymore was behind the promotion of these activities. Above all, the 19th-century French architect Viollet-le-Duc contrasted the concept of barbarism with the concept of art and tried to redefine architecture as art. The ritual to escape 'barbare' played an important role in the end. This consciousness was also at work in the propaganda for the preservation of medieval architectural monuments in France, led by intellectuals such as Rodin. Also, the concept of 'barbare' served as an important yardstick whenever the cause of their loss was questioned while important monuments were destroyed in the First World War. From the viewpoint of Germany, Dehio was the pioneer of the preservation movement and documentation of monuments. The principle he advocated was preservation, not restoration. The historian Pevsner, who moved to England, also surveyed monuments in various parts of England and left them in the same format as Dehio. These facts show that architecture as art plays a fundamental role in the history of human life.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2020

Purpose: This study evaluated aggressive hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) by understanding various exposure routes of acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, the risk factors causing acute cardiovascular, and neurological toxicity caused by poisoning. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted based on the medical records of 417 acute CO poisoning patients who visited the emergency care unit from March 2017 to August 2019. The exposure routes, HBOT performance, age, sex, medical history (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, heart failure), intentionality, loss of consciousness (LOC), intake with alcohol or sedatives, and initial test results (carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), troponin-I, electrocardiography, echocardiography, brain MRI) were examined. Comparative analysis of the clinical information was conducted between the groups that showed acute cardiovascular toxicity and neurological toxicity, and groups that did not. Results: Among 417 patients diagnosed with acute CO poisoning, 201 cases (48.2%) were intentional, and charcoal briquette was the most common route (169 patients (40.5%)). Two hundred sixteen cases (51.8%) were accidental, and fire was the most common route (135 patients (32.4%)). The exposure route was more diverse with accidental poisoning. Three hundred ninety-nine patients were studied for acute cardiovascular toxicity, and 62 patients (15.5%) were confirmed to be positive. The result was statistically significant in intentionality, LOC, combined sedatives, initial COHb, HTN, and IHD. One hundred two patients were studied for acute neurological toxicity, which was observed in 26 patients (25.5%). The result was statistically significant in age and LOC. Conclusion: Active HBOT should be performed to minimize damage to the major organs by identifying the various exposure routes of CO poisoning, risk factors for acute cardiovascular toxicity (intentionality, LOC, combined sedatives, initial COHb, HTN, IHD), and the risk factors for acute neurological toxicity (age, LOC).

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.471-482
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• 2001

Infantile Convulsion, one of common emergency symptoms in pediatrics, arises from sudden derangement of the central nerve system, and can cause a sudden loss of consciousness and spasm. It falls into three categories: Acute Infantile Convulsion, Chronic Infantile Convulsion and Chronic Spleen Convulsion. According to research, approximately 6~7% of all babies undergo spasm more than once. Since the treatment must be done immediately, acupuncture & moxibustion treatment can be one of the most important treatments in this Particular case. Therefore, the focus of this study is on how acupuncture & moxibustion can be utilized in the treatment of Infantile Convulsion, and the literary findings are as follows: 1. The meridian points used on acute infantile convulsion are Sugu(GV26), T'aech'ung(Liv3), Hapkok(LI4). 2. The meridians used on acute infantile convulsion are Governor Vessel(GV), Bladder Meridian(BL), Stomach Meridian(ST). 3. The meridian points used on accompanied symptoms with acute infantile convulsion are Haenggan(Liv2), Yangnungch'on(Liv3) on spasm, Paek'oe(GV14) on opisthotonus, Kokchi(LI11), Taech'u(GV14) on fever, Nogung(P8), Yongch'on(K1) on fainting spell, Chok-samri(S36) on body weakness. 4. The meridian points used on chronic infantile convulsion are Shinguol(CV8), Ch'onchj'u(S25), T'aech'ung(Liv3), Kwanwon(CV4), Ch'ukt'aek(L5). 5. The meridians used on chronic infantile convulsion are Conception Vessel(CV), Governor Vessel(GV), Stomach Meridian(ST). 6. The meridian points used on accompanied symptoms with chronic infantile convulsion are Ch'onchj'u(S25), Kolli(CV11) on diarrhea, Taenung(P7), Shinmun(H7) on fainting spell, Kansu(B18), T'aech'ung(Liv3) on spasm. 7. The meridian Points and meridians are Paek'oe(GV14), Sangsung(GV23), Sugu(GV26) of Governor Vessel(GV) and Choiyung(CV16), Shinguol(CV16) of Conception Vessel(CV) and Taedon(Liv1), Changmun(Liv13).

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-86
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• 2006

This phenomenological study aims at exploring the role of family in promoting, maintaining, and developing job activities of women with acquired physical disabilities. As a result of in-depth interviews with 8 women with physical disabilities, 6 theme clusters and 14 sub-themes have appeared. Participants have vividly revealed their experiences with regard to the various support and help of their family. They were provided physical, emotional and financial supports which helped at great extent to overcome the anger and loss resulted from the acquired disabilities. Although most of the participants have experienced failure in job finding several times, they have at last succeeded in it by the consistent help of their family. In particular, the support and help given from the family were substantial and specific which promoted maintaining and developing their career. Therefore the participants could obtain more confidence in themselves and this made the participants to speak for themselves. Although the family roles for the job finding and maintaining of the participants are played in various ways which is positive, effective and specific, there remains some significant problems and limitations. Participants expressed their uncomfortableness in opening their most in-depth thinking and emotions to their family. They have also experienced a great deal of difficulties in maintaining job because of the housework load and child bearing work which is mainly regarded by the family members as the woman's(participant's)duties. In addition to this, sexual needs and sexual identity of the participants are neither recognized nor dealt with seriously in family, The participants also mentioned about the inequal relationships and their self-consciousness among family member as well as the lack of career guidance role of the family. Based on these research findings, we have made a number of suggestions to promote the positive roles and overcome the limited roles of the family.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 2000

Recently, the incidence of pressure sore has been increased, due to increased number of patients with central nervous system injuries after traffic and industrial accidents or with long term loss of consciousness due to drug intoxication. The management of sacral pressure sore has been improved through the development of myocutaneous flap. However, sacrifice of the deep muscle cause some problems such as intraoperative bleeding, functional disabilities of donor site and further limitation of reconstruction for recurrent pressure sores in paraplegic patients. The development of perforator-based island skin flap introduce a new treatment modality for sacral pressure sores. We used perforator-based island skin flap in 15 cases with reasonable result from January 1998 to February 2000. This flap has a many advantages such as no significant sacrifice of the gluteus maximus muscle, wide rotation arc, reliable blood flow of the perforator, short elevation time for the flap, and no post-operative hindrance to walking in patients who are not paraplegic. There was no significant complication without significant sequelae and donor sites could be repaired primarily.