• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.62-66
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• 2008

Purpose: Although nasal fractures are often discussed as minor injuries but the incidence of post-traumatic nasal deformity remains high. For decrease the incidence of post-traumatic nasal deformity which require the guideline to optimize the management of acute nasal bone fracture. The aim of this study is analysis of post-traumatic nasal deformity according to Stranc classification. Method: We reviewed 310 patients with nasal bone fracture treated at our hospital from January of 2005 to December of 2006. Result: Post-traumatic complication were divided septal deviation, nasal bone deformity, temporary hyposmia and synechia. Nasal bone deformity include nasal bone deviation, hump, flat nose and minimal nasal bone irregularity. The incidence of total complication rate was 36.4%. The most common complication was nasal deformity(22.9%) followed by septal deviation(19.7%). The most common complication was septal deviation(20%) in frontal impact. The most common complication was nasal deformity(19.5%) in lateral impact. In frontal impact, the incidence of complication rate was plane II(68.8%) followed by plane I(29.9%) and plane III(16.7%). In lateral impact, the incidence of complication rate was plane II (78.8%) followed by plane III(61.5%) and plane I(42.7%). Conclusion: This result can be used to improve longterm results and to reduce the incidence of post-traumatic nasal deformity by predict complication of nasal bone fracture according to Stranc classification.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.540-550
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the effect of Dongchimi juice containing kimchi Lactobacillus as an oral hygiene agent and to compare it with that of chlorhexidine solution (0.12% dilution). Methods: This study employed a pretest-posttest experimental design in which a single group of patients was exposed to two different treatments over a period of time. The study included 32 patients hospitalized at a longterm care hospital in Korea. Data were collected between August 12, 2016 and September 28, 2016. The patients first used chlorhexidine solution as an oral care agent for 1 week. After an interval of 2 weeks, they used Dongchimi juice for 1 week. Each agent was applied 2 times a day depending on the protocol. The oral status of the patients was measured using Beck's Oral Exam Guide (OEG) scores. The number of pathogens in the oral cavity was counted by culture, and the patients' subjective satisfaction score for each oral agent was measured using a visual analogue scale. T-test and Mann-Whitney test were performed to identify significant differences between Dongchimi juice and chlorhexidine solution by using PASW Statistics for Windows, Version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The OEG score was not statistically different with the use of chlorhexidine solution and Dongchimi juice. However, decreasing number of pathogens and the subjective satisfaction score were higher with Dongchimi juice than with the chlorhexidine solution. Conclusion: These findings support the use of Dongchimi juice containing kimchi Lactobacillus as an oral hygiene agent for Korean patients.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.137-143
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• 2016

Purpose: Apartment housing should conduct a cyclic repair to keep and maintain the building performance since they are constructed. Therefore, the repair plan would be provided for long term period which explains the repair time, items and repair cost. Residents of apartment housing are responsible to pay for the repair activities. For repair cost, residents would reserve the money for repair little by little continuously until the required repair time because the repair cost takes a big burden for residents and lots of money a time. But, there is no systematic approach to provide the long term repair cost because it is no proper forecast of the repair cost to the upcoming repair time. In this study, it aimed at providing the monthly accumulation of the long term repair cost with the survey data in Seoul. Method: For these, the surveyed data are classified into 6 categories and number of data are 1,918. In addition, it developed the repair cost model for the 24 repair works and the cumulation function which is reflected with the each cost model. Result: This study are shown as follows : First, among the various estimation for the repair cost, the power function has a goodness of fit in statistics. Second, the monthly accumulation would be 12,840 won/household in size of $100,000m^2$ management area and $81.7won/m^2$ in size of the 1,000 household number during 40 years.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.140-145
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• 2014

Purpose: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is one of the most common diseases causing chronic orofacial pain. Prolotherapy is called 'regenerative injection therapy' or 'growth factor stimulation injection', and it induces the functional reactivation of tissues such as ligaments and tendons. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided prolotherapy with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the patients who had the TMD symptoms, especially in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, restricted mouth opening, and TMJ sound. Methods: Twenty-seven patients visited Chosun University Dental Hospital with the symptoms of pain, restricted mouth opening, and TMJ sound were included in this study. When the patients visited the hospital, we measured; the degree of pain, range of mouth opening (ROM), and TMJ sound, and grouped them according to their chief complaints. TMJ pain and ROM were measured both at the first visit and the fourth week after the PRP injection, and also evaluated the impact of the treatment on their daily activities. Results: After the treatment, the patients in the TMJ pain group showed some improvement (visual analogue scale [VAS] 5.6 to 3.6), and the patients in the restricted mouth opening group exhibited increased ROM (26 mm to 32 mm; p<0.05). On the other hand, the patients in the TMJ sound group had no improvement. Conclusions: PRP prolotherapy could be effective for the treatment of TMJ pain and restricted mouth opening. However, further studies are still necessary in terms of TMJ sound and longterm effect of PRP prolotherapy.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.189-199
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• 2018

Purpose: This study sought to examine whether near total gastrectomy (nTG) confers a longterm nutritional benefit when compared with total gastrectomy (TG) for the treatment of gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent nTG or TG for gastric cancer were included (n=570). Using the 1:2 matched propensity score, 25 patients from the nTG group and 50 patients from the TG group were compared retrospectively for oncologic outcomes, including long-term survival and nutritional status. Results: The length of the proximal resection margin, number of retrieved lymph nodes and tumor nodes, metastasis stage, short-term postoperative outcomes, and long-term survival were not significantly different between the groups. The body mass index values, and serum total protein and hemoglobin levels of the patients decreased significantly until postoperative 6 months, and then recovered slightly over time (P<0.05); however, there was no difference in the levels between the groups. The prognostic nutritional index values and serum albumin levels decreased significantly until postoperative 6 months and then recovered (P<0.05); the levels decreased more in the nTG group than in the TG group (P<0.05). The mean corpuscular volumes and serum transferrin levels increased significantly until postoperative 1 year and then recovered slightly over time (P<0.05); however, there was no difference between the groups. Serum vitamin $B_{12}$, iron, and ferritin levels of the patients did not change significantly over time, and no difference existed between the groups. Conclusions: A small remnant stomach after nTG conferred no significant nutritional benefits over TG.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.339-346
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• 1993

Due to the natural increase of human population and the concentration of industrial complexes to coastal area, the uses of nearshore area were increased drastically, and the tendency will not stop for a while. Therefore, the loss of human life and property damages of the present days for a disaster of the same magnitude should be heavy as compared to those of the past. For the better utilization of the sea and the prevention of the frequent marine natural and man-made disaster, and for the preparedness for the ocean pollutions, through ocean researches are required. the circulation, tidal currents, storm surges, sea surface wind, waves and sea fogs of the Yellow Sea should be investigated first from the oceanographic point of view, and then the dispersion and diffusion of spilled oil and pollutants, beach erosion, red tide, and longterm sea level oscillations can be studied. International cooperation is crucial for the investigation of the sea because of the temporal and geographic scales of the oceanic phenomina.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.109-124
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• 2015

This paper presents a wear analysis procedure for the journal bearings on a stripped-down single-cylinder engine during start-up and coast-down by motoring. A journal bearing is in the mixed elastohydrodynamic (EHL) lubrication region when the shaft speed is less than the corresponding lift-off speed. Below the lift-off speed, a wear scar can form on bearing surfaces. In part 1 of this paper, we develop the appropriate formulations and the calculation procedure for the analysis. Specifically, we formulate an equation for modified film thickness in a journal bearing considering the additional wear volume. In order to obtain the modified specific wear rate induced by the modified Archard’s wear coefficient, we utilized the extended non-dimensional diagram for the specific wear rate, k, the fractional film defect coefficient, Ψ and the asperity load sharing factor, γ₂. This asperity load sharing factor is newly calculated by setting the Zhao-Maietta-Chang (ZMC) asperity contact pressure equation coupled with the central film thickness equation derived by using the ZMC asperity contact model equal to the modified central contact pressure derived by using the central (or maximum) contact pressure at the dry rough line-contact configuration. We can use the procedure introduced in this paper to determine the lifetime (or longterm) linear wear in radial journal bearings that is a result of repeated stop-start cycles.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2016

The average life expectancy has been increased, so the proportion of elderly patients that visit to the dental clinic for prosthetic restoration has increased. Elderly patients have various chronic diseases. Recent trends show an increase of osteoporosis in elderly patients, and thus, the number of osteoporosis patients is expected to escalate. Currently, the most widely used drug for osteoporosis is bisphosphonate. However, osteonecrosis of the jaw has been reported as a side effect derived from longterm oral administration or injection treatment of the drug. Surgical dental treatment was the main cause of medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). As MRONJ is very difficult to cure, it is important to take preventive measures. Surgical operation may be needed for the mouth preparation before prosthetic restoration. For successful treatment, the dentist should have a full understanding of osteoporosis and show a continued interest toward this disease for careful management.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 1997

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis(Idiopathic Histiocytosis, Histiocytosis-X) is most often found in children and young adults, and cell proliferation with specific phenotype shows ultrastructural and immunohistochemical similarities with Langerhans Cells that normally exist in epithelium and mucosa. This disease occurs as single or multiple lesions in skull, ribs, vertebrae, mandible and long bones, and when it involves mandible, clinical sign and symptoms such as bone swelling and pain are noticed. When it involves alveolar bone, severe tooth mobility as well as gigival inflammation, proliferation, and ulceration are commonly found, and so it is not easy to differentiate it from general inflammatory diseases. Any local lesion at the tooth apex on the x-ray view needs to be differentiated from inflammatory disease, and multiple lesions from multiple ostoeoma and chronic multifocal osteomyelitis. This case is LCH in 51-year-old male patient ; this is a rare case, for the patient belongs to an age group with very low incidence rate of the disease. although three-timed biopsy tests and longterm observation at two university hospitals, it was misdiagnosed as multifocal osteomyelitis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.236-247
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• 2012

Purpose: Purposes of this study were: evaluation of family burden of caring for elders who receive long term care services, and examination of differences in burden before and after the introduction of long term care service in Korea. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaires from 416 caregivers of elders who were registered with the Long Term Care Insurance Corporation in six cities. Data were collected in September, 2010 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and ANOVA with the Scheffe test, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Family burden decreased significantly after longterm care service was initiated. Subjective burden decreased from 2.93 to 2.69 (t=11.78, $p$<.001), and objective burden, from 3.40 to 3.10 (t=12.73, $p$<.001). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that factors affecting subjective burden were family relations (F=13.60, $p$=.003), age (F=5.47, $p$=.019), job (F=6.98, $p$=.008), and education (F=4.59, $p$=.032), and that factors affecting objective burden were living together (F=17.66, $p$<.001), job (F=13.34, $p$=.003), monthly income (F=6.61, $p$=.010), and type of service (F=6.62, $p$=.010). Conclusion: The results of this first study to investigate caregiver burden after the Korean Long-term Care Insurance System was begun provide positive information for the development of strategies to decrease family burden in long term care.