• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.487-494
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• 2017

The present paper deals with a theoretical study of delamination fracture in the Crack Lap Shear (CLS) functionally graded beam configuration. The basic purpose is to analyze the fracture with taking into account the material non-linearity. The mechanical behavior of CLS was described by using a non-linear stress-strain relation. It was assumed that the material is functionally graded along the beam height. The fracture was analyzed by applying the J-integral approach. The curvature and neutral axis coordinate of CLS beam were derived in order to solve analytically the J-integral. The non-linear solution of J-integral obtained was verified by analyzing the strain energy release rate with considering material non-linearity. The effects of material gradient, crack location along the beam height and material non-linearity on fracture behavior were evaluated. The J-integral non-linear solution derived is very suitable for parametric studies of longitudinal fracture in the CLS beam. The results obtained can be used to optimize the functionally graded beam structure with respect to the fracture performance. The analytical approach developed in the present paper contributes for the understanding of delamination fracture in functionally graded beams exhibiting material non-linearity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.90-100
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• 1999

In order to investigate dietary risk factors for hypertension in th elderly, dietary intakes and dietary habits of 405 elderly subjects, aged 60-94, were assessed by the questionnaire, anthropometric measurement and a 24-hour dietary recall. The prevalence of definite (>95mmHg for diastolic or>160mmHg for systeolic blood pressue) and borderline(90-95mmHg for diastolic or 140-160mmHg for systolic blood pressure) hypertensive subjects 33.3% and 19.3%, respectively. The distribution of the subjects for Body Mass Index(BMI), waist-hip ratio, and alcohol consumption were significantly different among definite, borderline, and normal groups(p<0.05). The distribution of the subjects for smoking, exercise, and preference of salty food were not significantly different among definite, borderline, and normal groups(p>0.05). From the generalized logistic regression analysis of the risk factors for the hypertension, the subjects with over 27 of BMI had significantly higher risk of hypertension. Alcohol consumption and preference of salty food were significant risk factors of hypertension in the elderly. Dietary risk factors for the hypertension that had significant relationship to the hypertension were intakes of potassium, calcium, phosphate, sodium, vitamin B1, niacin, and folate. There was no significant difference of consumption frequencies of food and dish among definite, borderline, and normal groups(p>0.05). The amount of intakes for cereals and grain product, bean and their products, eggs were significantly different among definite, borderline, and normal groups(p<0.05). In summary, the amount of dietary intakes to hypertension in elderly population. Longitudinal studies for dietary risk factors on incidence of hypertension are needed in general population, especially in the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.256-265
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify levels of health literacy and reported health behaviors among older adults with cardio-cerebrovascular disease residing in rural areas. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 134 older people (mean age=75.5 years, 71.6% Female) registered at seven health centers. The structured questionnaires were used to measure levels of health literacy and health behaviors. Results: The average functional health literacy score was $6.08{\pm}3.04$, and the health behavior score was $62.92{\pm}6.45$. Respectively health behavior was positively associated with health literacy. Education, economic status, number of family members, number of social activities and health literacy were contribution factors explaining 40.64% of the variance in health behavior. Health literacy specifically explained 12.5% of health behavior. Conclusion: These findings suggest that strategies for improving health behaviors and reducing health inequalities may benefit from adopting a stronger focus on health literacy within prevention, patient education, and other public health interventions. Further longitudinal studies are needed to help confirm that improving health literacy in the elderly may be effective in changing health behaviors.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.135-139
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• 2014

Purpose: We review published research on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) total replacement that compares costochondral graft and customized total joint reconstruction (especially TMJ concepts), focusing on effectiveness. Methods: We searched PubMed databases, including prospective, retrospective, case-control or longitudinal studies and significant statistical analysis. In data analysis, we divided outcomes into 'Acceptable' or 'Non-acceptable'. Results: There were seven articles found dealing with costochondral graft and 180 patients. The majority of patients had satisfactory treatment outcomes (n=109, 61%). There were six articles including 275 patients using the alloplastic material TMJ concepts. Almost all patients had satisfactory treatment outcomes (n=261, 95%). Conclusion: Comparing customized total joint reconstruction with costochondral graft, use of TMJ concepts resulted in increased quality of life and fewer complications. In conclusion, we judged that alloplastic material such as TMJ concepts is more effective device in total joint replacement than costochondral graft.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.123-129
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• 2020

The objective of this study is to examine the differentiated influence of sell-side advisors and buy-side advisors on mergers and acquisitions (M&A). Unlike prior studies on M&A advisors, the study addresses different roles of target and acquirer advisors, and explores their influences on the cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) and acquisition premiums with an empirical analysis of longitudinal data of M&As conducted by Japanese listed firms except financial companies from 1995 to 2012. M&A data were obtained from the Securities Data Corporation's (SDC) database, and the individual firm data were collected from the Nikkei Economic Electronic Databank System (NEEDS), which provides a wide range of corporate information including financial status, operational performance, and strategy. Using a sample of 452 cases for the CAR and 498 cases for the analysis of acquisition premiums, the empirical results support the hypotheses of the target advisor's positive association with CAR and acquirer advisor's positive association with acquisition premiums. The findings of this study indicate the target advisor's positive contribution to the success of acquisition process and performance, and acquirer advisor's negative influence on the deal progress. The study provides theoretical implications on M&A research and practical insights into the investment banking industry.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.621-632
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• 2012

Recurrent event data can be easily found in longitudinal studies such as clinical trials, reliability fields, and the social sciences; however, there are a few observations that disappear temporarily in sight during the follow-up and then suddenly reappear without notice like the Young Traffic Offenders Program(YTOP) data collected by Farmer et al. (2000). In this article we focused on inference for a cumulative mean function of the recurrent event data with these incomplete observation gaps. Defining a corresponding risk set would be easily accomplished if we know the exact intervals where the observation gaps occur. However, when they are incomplete (if their starting times are known but their terminating times are unknown) we need to estimate a distribution function for the terminating times of the observation gaps. To accomplish this, we treated them as interval-censored and then estimated their distribution using the EM algorithm proposed by Turnbull (1976). We proposed a nonparametric estimator for the cumulative mean function and also a nonparametric test to compare the cumulative mean functions of two groups. Through simulation we investigated the finite-sample performance of the proposed estimator and proposed test. Finally, we applied the proposed methods to YTOP data.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.131-146
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• 2016

In research on behavioral studies, significant attention has been paid to the stage-sequential process for longitudinal data. Latent class profile analysis (LCPA) is an useful method to study sequential patterns of the behavioral development by the two-step identification process: identifying a small number of latent classes at each measurement occasion and two or more homogeneous subgroups in which individuals exhibit a similar sequence of latent class membership over time. Maximum likelihood (ML) estimates for LCPA are easily obtained by expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, and Bayesian inference can be implemented via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). However, unusual properties in the likelihood of LCPA can cause difficulties in ML and Bayesian inference as well as estimation in small samples. This article describes and addresses erratic problems that involve conventional ML and Bayesian estimates for LCPA with small samples. We argue that these problems can be alleviated with a small amount of prior input. This study evaluates the performance of likelihood and MCMC-based estimates with the proposed prior in drawing inference over repeated sampling. Our simulation shows that estimates from the proposed methods perform better than those from the conventional ML and Bayesian method.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.61-69
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• 1988

Recently the automization of wood manufacturing and the development of CNC machine tools becomes the center of interest. Cutting mechanism, tool wear and the roughness of machined surface have been studied. In the studies about wood for special uses, concrete data of cutting is desired. While Pinus densiflora is characterized that heartwood develops as age increases, Chunyang District has the characteristic of strength, red color, relatively regular chap and high heartwood - percentage. But there is no data about cutting this wood, Chunyang District. In this study face milling by sintered carbide tool was excuted to Chunyang District. Cutting force, Surface roughness and states were investigated with regard to cutting speed. Example results were as follows; 1) Mean cutting resistance against lateral component force and longitudinal component force decreased rapidly up to cutting speed of 155 m/min, and remains constant above this speed. 2) The surface roughness of cutting surface lowered as cutting speed increased, regardless of fiber formation. Radial rougness of fiber is larger than lineal surface roughness. 3) Increase in Cutting speed made machining mark restrained. Down-milling showed larger marks than up-milling.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2013

Patient safety is achieved through systematic improvement based on the knowledge and willingness of medical professionals. A systematic longitudinal curriculum for patient safety is essential to prepare medical students and professionals. The purpose of this article is to introduce our experience with a 'workshop for developing a patient safety curriculum' and to compare the results with previous studies. The workshop comprising 15 medical professors and patient safety experts met for 2 days. The Consensus Workshop method was applied, collecting opinions from all of the members and reaching consensus through the following stages: context, brainstorm, cluster, name, and resolve. The patient safety curriculum was developed by this method, covering patient safety topics and issues, and teaching and assessment methods. A total of 7 topics were extracted, 'activities for patient safety, concepts of patient safety, leadership and teamwork, error disclosure, self-management, patient education, policies.' Issues, teaching methods, and assessment methods were developed for each topic. The patient safety curriculum developed from the workshop was similar to previous curricula developed by other institutions and medical schools. The Consensus Workshop method proved to be an effective approach to developing a patient safety curriculum.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2020

While healthcare data sets include extensive information about patients, many researchers have limitations in analyzing them due to their intrinsic characteristics such as heterogeneity, longitudinal irregularity, and noise. In particular, since the majority of medical history information is recorded in text codes, the use of such information has been limited due to the high dimensionality of explanatory variables. To address this problem, recent studies applied word embedding techniques, originally developed for natural language processing, and derived positive results in terms of dimensional reduction and accuracy of the prediction model. This paper reviews the deep learning-based natural language processing techniques (word embedding) and summarizes research cases that have used those techniques in the health care field. Then we finally propose a research framework for applying deep learning-based natural language process in the analysis of domestic health insurance data.