• 한국노년학
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.315-331
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 고령화의 심화로 생산적 노화 및 성공적 노화에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있음에 주목하여 노년기 취업이 우울에 미치는 종단적 영향과 그 성별 차이에 대하여 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 한국고령화연구패널조사(Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing: KLoSA)의 2차년도(2008년)와 3차년도(2010년) 자료를 활용하여 2차년도에 만 60세 이상이었던 노인을 대상으로 시차효과모델(lagged effect model)을 적용하여 사회인구학적 변수와 더불어 2차년도의 우울 수준을 통제한 후 2차년도의 취업이 3차년도의 우울 수준에 미치는 영향력, 그리고 2차와 3차년도의 지속적 취업이 3차년도의 우울 수준에 미치는 영향력을 분석하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 전체 노인을 대상으로 한 분석에서는 2차년도 취업이 3차년도 우울에 종단적으로 영향을 미친다는 증거가 발견되지 않았다. 그러나 다집단분석(multi-group analyses)를 통해 취업 효과의 성차를 분석한 결과, 노년기 취업이 우울에 미치는 종단적 영향은 노인의 성별에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 남성 노인의 경우에는 2차년도 취업이 3차년도 우울을 낮추는 효과가 있었지만, 여성 노인의 경우에는 이러한 취업의 긍정적 효과가 발견되지 않았다. 둘째, 지속적 취업의 경우 전체 노인을 대상으로 한 분석에서 2차와 3차에 걸친 지속적 취업은 3차년도 우울과 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 대한 성차를 분석한 결과 2차와 3차의 지속적 취업은 남성 노인의 우울에만 바람직한 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 여성 노인의 경우에는 지속적 취업과 우울 간의 유의미한 관계가 발견되지 않았다. 이는 임금노동에의 참여 기회 및 노동의 조건에 있어 노년기에도 지속되는 성별에 따른 사회적 불평등을 반영하는 결과라고 해석할 수 있다. 이러한 결과는 노년기 취업이 노인 자신에게 미치는 영향은 노인이 처한 사회적 맥락에 따라 차이가 있을 수 있음을 보여주는 것으로, 성공적 노화의 구성 요소를 규명하고자 하는 연구에서 개인적 특성에 대한 고려와 더불어 노인 개인이 처한 사회적 맥락에 대한 고려가 함께 이루어져야 함을 시사한다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2019

Background: An excessive pronated foot is defined as a flattening or complete loss of the medial longitudinal arch. Excessive foot pronation is considered to have high risk factors of overuse injuries in the lower limb. Various treatments have been investigated in attempts to control excessive pronation. Objects: This meta-analysis identifies the effects of an anti-pronation taping technique using different materials. Methods: The electronic databases used include MEDLINE, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Science Direct, the Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), the Korea National Library, and the Korean Medical Database (studies published up to July 31, 2019). The database search used the following keywords: "foot drop" OR "foot arch" OR "foot pronation" OR "flat foot (pes planus)" AND "taping" OR "support." Eight eligible studies were analyzed to determine the effectiveness of anti-pronation taping in study and control groups. Results: The overall random effect size (Hedges'g) of the anti-pronation taping technique was 0.147 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -.214 to .509). When the effect (Hedges' g) was compared by the type of tape material, rigid tape (RT; Lowdye taping) was .213 (95% CI: -.278 to .704) and kinesiotape (KT; arch support taping) was -.014 (95% CI: -.270 to .242). Based on this meta-analysis, it was not possible to identify the extent to which anti-pronation taping was effective in preventing navicular drop, improving balance, or changing foot pressure. Only three of the eight eligible studies applied KT on excessive pronated feet, and the outcome measure areas were different to those of the RT studies. The KT studies used EMG data, overall foot posture index (FPI) scores, and rear foot FPI scores. In contrast, the RT studies measured navicular heights, various foot angles, and foot pressure. Conclusion: This review could not find any conclusive evidence about the effectiveness of any taping method for patients with pronated feet. Future studies are needed to develop the anti-pronation taping technique based on the clinical scientific evidence.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제28권
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• pp.115-139
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• 2012

Interval or duration of segments, syllables, words and phrases is an important acoustic feature which influences the naturalness of speech. A number of cross-sectional studies regarding acoustic characteristics of children's speech development found that intervals of segments, syllables, words and phrases tend to change with the growing age. One hypothesis assumed that decreases in intervals would be greater when children were younger and smaller decreases in intervals when older (Thelen,1991), it has been supported by quite a number of researches on the basis of cross-sectional studies (Tingley & Allen,1975; Kent & Forner,1980; Chermak & Schneiderman, 1986), but the other hypothesis predicted that decreases in intervals would be smaller when children were younger and greater decreases in intervals when older (Smith, Kenney & Hussain, 1996). Researchers seem to come up with conflicting postulations and inconsistent results about the change trends concerning intervals of segments, syllables, words and phrases, leaving it as an issue unresolved. Most acoustic investigations of children's speech production have been conducted via cross-sectional designs, which involves studying several groups of children. So far, there are only a few longitudinal studies. This issue needs more longitudinal investigations; moreover, the acoustic measures of the intervals of child speech are hardly available. All former studies focus on word stages excluding the babbling stages especially the canonical babbling stage, but we need to find out when concrete changes of intervals begin to occur and what causes the changes. Therefore, we conducted an acoustic study of interval characteristics of segments and words concerning Canonical Babble ( CB) and early speech in an infant aged from 0;9 to 2;4 acquiring Mandarin Chinese. The current research addresses the following two questions: 1. Whether decreases in interval would be greater when children were younger and smaller when they were older or vice versa? 2. Whether the child speech concerning the acoustic features of interval drifts in the direction of the language they are exposed to? The female infant whose L1 was Southern Mandarin living in Changsha was audio- and video-taped at her home for about one hour almost on a weekly basis during her age range from 0;9 to 2;4 under natural observation by us investigators. The recordings were digitized. Parts of the digitized material were labeled. All the repetitions were excluded. The utterances were extracted from 44 sessions ranging from 30 minutes to one hour. The utterances were divided into segments as well as syllable-sized units. Age stages are 0;9-1;0,1;1-1;5, 1;6-2;0, 2;1-2;4. The subject was a monolingual normal child from parents with a good education. The infant was audio-and video-taped in her home almost every week. The data were digitized, segments and syllables from 44 sessions spanning the transition from babble to speech were transcribed in narrow IPA and coded for analysis. Babble was coded from age 0;9-1;0, and words were coded from 1;0 to 2;4, the data has been checked by two professionally trained persons who majored in phonetics. The present investigation is a longitudinal analysis of some temporal characteristics of the child speech during the age periods of 0;9-1;0, 1;1-1;5, 1;6-2;0, 2;1-2;4. The answer to Research Question 1 is that our results are in agreement with neither of the hypotheses. One hypothesis assumed that decreases in intervals would be greater when children were younger and smaller decreases in intervals when older (Thelen,1991); but the other hypothesis predicted that decreases in intervals would be smaller when children were younger and greater decreases in intervals when older (Smith, Kenney & Hussain, 1996). On the whole, there is a tendency of decrease in segmental and syllabic duration with the growing age, but the changes are not drastic and abrupt. For example, /a/ after /k/ in Table 1 has greater decrease during 1;1-1;5, while /a/ after /p/, /t/ and /w/ has greater decrease during 2;1-2;4. /ka/ has greater decrease during 1;1-1;5, while /ta/ and /na/ has greater decrease during 2;1-2;4.Across the age periods, interval change experiences lots of fluctuation all the time. The answer to Research Question 2 is yes. Babbling stage is a period in which the children's acoustic features of intervals of segments, syllables, words and phrases is shifted in the direction of the language to be learned, babbling and children's speech emergence is greatly influenced by ambient language. The phonetic changes in terms of duration would go on until as late as 10-12 years of age before reaching adult-like levels. Definitely, with the increase of exposure to ambient language, the variation would be less and less until they attain the adult-like competence. Via the analysis of the SPSS 15.0, the decrease of segmental and syllabic intervals across the four age periods proves to be of no significant difference (p>0.05). It means that the change of segmental and syllabic intervals is continuous. It reveals that the process of child speech development is gradual and cumulative.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.129-141
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the current state of nursing intervention for maternal adaptation and its' effectiveness in Korea by utilizing a systematic review. Methods: The PICO(Population-Intervention-Compar ator-Outcome) strategy was established, and 1,720 pieces of literature published during the last ten-year period from four electronic databases were reviewed. Eighteen references that met inclusion and exclusion criteria were finally selected for systematic review. The quality of references using critical appraisal checklist for experimental studies were evaluated, and then systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Results: All 18 references were quasi-experimental research design. Most interventions were provided at the hospital and postpartum care center. Maternal adaptation interventions appeared to be of many types, and particularly maternal role education programs were the most common. Confidence in maternal role was used as the most common variable for the maternal adaptati on. Various interventions for helping maternal adaptation in the postnatal period improved maternal confidence, moth er-infant attachment, maternal satisfaction and mother-infant interaction effectively. Conclusion: A diversity of nursin g interventions in postnatal period improved various aspects of maternal adaptation. Randomized controlled trials and longitudinal studies are needed in order to verify the effect of interventions for maternal adaptation more clearly.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2021

Objectives The purpose of this study is understanding the trend of clinical researches on the correlation between precocious puberty and sleep. Methods 18 papers were searched by using keywords 'Precious publicity' and 'Sleep' in Pubmed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and those were analyzed for this study. Results Children aged 6 to 18 were participated in longitudinal studies and questionnaire surveys. Hormone levels and EEG were also measured in those children. This study had placed emphasis on the sleeping time and sleep quality, and sex hormones secretion during sleep and changes in the hormone secretion related to the sleep cycles. Historically, oriental medicine studies have demonstrated that there were correlations between precocious puberty and sleep. There are studies from China showed the importance of lifestyle management in preventing and treating precocious puberty, especially with light exposure during sleep. Conclusions Sleep is closely correlated with precocious puberty and it is an important factor to be considered in the prevention and treatment of precocious puberty.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.37-61
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• 2009

유방암은 진단과 치료과정에서 환자뿐만 아니라 배우자에게 심리사회적 디스트레스를 초래하게 된다. 이러한 배우자의 디스트레스는 다시 유방암환자의 적응, 삶의 질에 영향을 미치게 된다. 이에 따라 부부관계 맥락에서 유방암의 심리사회적 영향을 살펴보아야할 필요성이 제기된다. 이를 위해 유방암환자와 배우자를 대상으로 심리사회적 영향을 조사한 국외 연구 33편, 국내 연구 1편 총 34편을 방법론적 측면과 내용적 측면으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과를 토대로 후속 연구와 임상적 실천에 있어서의 제언점을 제시하였다.

• 대한간호
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.49-63
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• 1990

This article reviewed & analyzed 33 studies of the Health Belief Model applied to korean chronic ill patients which were published from 1975 to 1990. The findings of analysis are as follows. The subjects of researchs are patients with various chronic illness including Pulmonary Tb., DM., Hemodialysis & Kindney Transplantation, Hypertension, etc. The type of research is retrospective survey in all studies. The measurement of health' belief in all studies & sick role behavior in most studies have relied on self report. The analysis of the relationship between health belief and sick role behavior was done using correlation coefficient in most studies. To analyze empirical support for the relatiohship between health belief and sick role behavior, Significance ratio was computed. This ratio is value wherein the number of statistically significant findings with relationship in the expected direction for an HBM dimension are divided by total number of studies which reported significance levels for that dimension. Examination of this ratio across the 33 studies reveals susceptibility(30.3%), severity(34.4%), benifit(65.6%), barrier(50%). The following suggestions are based on the above findings and literature review. 1. It is necessary to develop the reliable, valid and standadized instrument for measurement of health beliefs. 2. In the further 'measurement of perceived susceptibility of the chronic ill patients, It is considering that the perceived susceptibility and perceived severity are measured together or the measurement of perceived, susceptibility is eliminated. 3. Relationship between perceived severity and sick role behavior is suggested to be analized using ANOV A, $x^2$ square instead of correlation coefficient. 4. Sick role behaviors should be measured by both self report and objective measurement. 5. Prospective, longitudinal survey should be needed. 6. Other factors influencing sick role behaviors of chronic ill patients should be investigated further.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.175-191
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The scientific evidence of a sodium-obesity association is limited by sodium intake assessments. Our specific aim is to synthesize the association between dietary sodium intake and obesity across the sodium intake assessments as evidenced by systematic reviews in adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A systematic search identified systematic reviews comparing the association of dietary sodium intakes with obesity-related outcomes such as body mass index (BMI), body weight, waist circumference, and risk of (abdominal) obesity. We searched PubMed on October 24, 2022. To assess the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews (ROBIS), we employed the ROBIS tool. RESULTS: This review included 3 systematic reviews, consisting of 39 unique observational studies (35 cross-sectional studies and 4 longitudinal studies) and 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We found consistently positive associations between dietary sodium intake and obesity-related outcomes in cross-sectional studies. Studies that used 24-h urine collection indicated a greater BMI for those with higher sodium intake (mean difference = 2.27 kg/m²; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59-2.51; P < 0.001; I² = 77%) compared to studies that used spot urine (mean difference = 1.34 kg/m²; 95% CI, 1.13-1.55; P < 0.001; I² = 95%) and dietary methods (mean difference = 0.85 kg/m²; 95% CI, 0.1-1.51; P < 0.05; I² = 95%). CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative synthesis of the systematic reviews has shown that cross-sectional associations between dietary sodium intake and obesity outcomes were substantially different across the sodium intake assessments. We need more high-quality prospective cohort studies and RCTs using 24-h urine collection to examine the causal effects of sodium intake on obesity.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.76-83
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• 2013

진단 및 치료분야에서 호흡 움직임이 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 외부 움직임을 관찰하여 실시되었으나, 이러한 외부 움직임은 내부 장기의 실제 움직임을 반영하지 못한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 개의 흉부 내 비침습적 이식이 가능한 인공 폐결절을 제작하여 동물실험에 대한 적용가능성을 확인하고 PET 영상 획득 및 방사선조사 시 움직임의 영향을 평가하고자하였다. 인공폐결절은 8 Fr 일회용 위장용 영양공급튜브를 개조하여 제작하였다. 제작된 결절모델은 마취된 개 4마리에 기관을 경유하여 기관지에 삽입한 뒤 방사선투시장치를 이용하여 위치를 확인하였다. PET 촬영용 인공폐결절은 내강에 $^{18}F$-FDG를 주입한 뒤 호흡운동 모사체에 장착하여 정지 상태, 10 rpm과 15 rpm의 종축 왕복운동간 PET 촬영을 실시하였다. 방사선조사용 인공폐결절은 유리선량계를 이식한 뒤 PET 촬영 시와 동일한 호흡운동 모사체에 장착하여 정지 상태, 10 rpm과 15 rpm의 종축 왕복운동간 1 Gy 선량을 조사하였다. 인공폐결절은 방사선투시장치 영상에서 실험동물의 후엽 근위부 세기관지에 이식되며 호흡에 따라 결절의 위치가 변화함을 확인하였다. PET 영상에서의 인공폐결절은 모사된 호흡 움직임에 따라 움직임에 의한 인공산물을 나타내었으며, 호흡동조게이트 시 SNR은 7.21로 기준영상의 SNR 10.15에 비해 감소하였으나 프로파일상 게이트영상의 영상계수는 정적영상에 비해 기준영상과 유사하여 PET 영상의 질을 개선함을 확인하였다. 방사선조사 실험간 인공폐결절 내 삽입된 유리선량계에 조사된 조사선량은 정지 상태와 10 rpm의 종축 왕복운동에서 0.91 Gy로 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 15 rpm의 종축 왕복운동에서 0.90 Gy로 오차범위 내 감소를 나타내었으며, 이온 전리함을 통한 조사선량 검출에서도 근소한 감소를 나타내었다. 본 실험에서 제작된 인공폐결절은 실험동물의 후엽 근위부 세기관지에 높은 재현성을 보이며 방사선투시 영상에서 폐의 내부 움직임을 반영하였다. PET 영상 내 움직임에 의한 인공산물이 관찰되며, 방사선 조사연구에서는 호흡운동이 미약한 영상 흐림을 일으킴을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 인공폐결절은 진단 및 치료분야에서 실험동물을 이용한 움직임 기반 진단 및 치료 평가에 유용한 도구로 사용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국노년학
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.467-484
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• 2019

본 연구는 한국의료패널(Korea Health Panel: KHP)의 2008년(1, 2차)부터 2016(10차)년 자료를 사용하여 노인이 사용한 의료비 궤적에 따른 잠재계층을 탐색하고 잠재계층을 예측하는 특성과, 의료비 잠재계층이 주관적 건강에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 65세 이상 노인이 9개년에 걸쳐 지출한 의료비 변화 궤적이 서로 다른 하위집단을 구분하기 위해 성장혼합모형 분석을 수행하였다. 이어 의료비 변화의 잠재계층을 예측하는 요인을 탐색하기 위해 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였으며 의료비 잠재계층이 주관적 건강에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 다중 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 노인 의료비의 종단적 변화궤적은 4개의 하위 집단으로 분류하는 것이 적합한 것으로 나타났으며, 이를 고의료비 유지 집단, 의료비 증가 집단, 저의료비 유지 집단, 의료비 감소 집단으로 명명하였다. 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 배우자 유무와 경제활동 유무, 만성 질환 개수와 의료보장 형태가 의료비 변화궤적의 하위유형을 예측하였다. 특히 보유 만성질환 개수가 많을수록 고의료비 유지 집단에 속할 가능성이 높았다. 또한 의료급여 수급자는 건강보험 가입자에 비해 저의료비 유지, 의료비 감소 집단에 속할 가능성이 높았다. 다중 회귀분석 결과 낮은 수준의 의료비를 유지하거나 의료비가 감소하는 집단은 높은 수준의 의료비를 유지하는 집단보다 주관적 건강 수준이 유의하게 높았다. 본 연구의 결과는 의료비 지출 궤적에 따른 노인 집단 내 이질성을 확인하고 이러한 이질성을 예측하는 특성을 탐색하였으며 의료비 지출 궤적이 주관적 건강과 유의한 관계가 있음을 확인하였다는 데 의의가 있다. 이러한 결과는 노인 의료비와 관련된 보건·건강 정책 수립의 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.