• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 1998

Although it is increasing the number of day-care centers in Korea, but the quality of food and nutrition service are not increased sufficiently. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current practices of food and nutrition service in day-care centers. Questionnaire were sent to the directors of 750 day-care centers and 253 returned the complete answers. Staffing structure revealed that only 13% of the facilities had a dietitian. And compared with centers without a dietitian, there were more centers having nutritional standards, using facilities for service, and having long-term planning of meals in centers with a dietitian. In the using of foodservice budget, the centers having dietitian consumed more money for subsidiary dishes than for the staples. All centers needed increment of supplementation for the cost of foodservice and for hiring a dietitian. To improve the quality of food and nutrition services in day-care center, foodservice practices have to be conducted by professional personnel and to confirm the standard of service and to inspect the management of food and nutritional service.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.363-369
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• 1996

PMS(Pavement Management System) is the effective and efficient decision making system to provide pavements in an acceptable condition at the lowest life-cycle cost. As the highway system become larger, the necessity of the PMS in increasing. As of December 1995, the 3rd stage of PMS project was completed. The accomplishment of the research work can be itemized to the followings : $\bullet$ Calibration of PMS submodules (1) Pavement Condition Evaluation Model (2) Pavement Distress Prediction Model (3) Pavement Performance Prediction Mode (4) Selection of Pavement Rehabilitation Criteria (5) Optimization Technique for PMS Economic Analysis $\bullet$ Development of Computer Program to Implement PMS Logic $\bullet$ A Study to Implement the Automized Pavement Condition Survey Equipment to PMS $\bullet$ PMS Test Run $\bullet$ Development of PMS Operation Guideline $\bullet$ The 2nd Pavement Condition Survey for Long-Term Pavement Performance Monitoring.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.279-293
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• 2008

The number of participants in an online dispute resolution(ODR) system is crucial to its survival. Securing participation is nonetheless difficult. Clearly, it is important to offer a system that is fair, transparent and offers an efficient service at low cost. These factors are fundamental to ensure trust and to build a returning customer base to the system, but are not what attracts a party to submit a dispute for settlement. This paper describes and discusses four main categories of legal measures found in the online dispute resolution services offered by SquareTrade and WIPO. In spite of shortcomings in the offered, the legal measures have contributed to attract large numbers of participants. Large participation secures the long-term economic viability of an online dispute resolution system. The four categories of legal measures described and discussed in this paper need to be part of the specifications and the design and development of future ODR system.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1998 no.11
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• pp.183-184
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• 1998

Respiration monitoring is important in many clinical situations due to its relationship to vitality. But present commercial monitoring systems are bulky and expensive, so they are inadequate to be used for long term recording or out-patients application. We have developed a low cost, low power, handhold respiration monitoring system based on airflow measurement. Respiration flow is indirectly detected using a thermister or a themocouple sensor. Real time recording of respiration rate, abnormality detection and apnea alarming are available.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 1994

Although a dry-system tunnel is not good for reasons fo economy and construction, it has been applied to some tunnels under construction owing to the advantages of good long-term maintenance of tunnel, prevention of consolidation settlement due to the drawdown of groundwater, preservation of the ecosystem, cutailment of operation cost, and so on. The stability of groundwater and the change of the applied water pressure after water proofing were analysed by the finite element method. Using this result, an example of designing the secondary lining for the dry-system tunnel which is to be constructed in low-permeability hard rock was presented.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.912-921
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• 2006

This study examines greenhouse gas reduction potentials in cement manufacturing industry of Korea. An energy system model in the MARKAL (MARKet ALlocation) modeling framework was used in order to identify appropriate energy technologies and to quantify their possible implications In terms of greenhouse gas reduction. The model is characterized as mathematical tool for the long term energy system analysis provides an useful informations on technical assessment. Four scenarios are developed that covers the ti me span from 2000 to 2020. Being technology as a fundamental driving factor of the evolution of energy systems, it is essential to study the basic mechanisms of technological change and its role in developing more efficient, productive and clean energy systems. For this reasons, the learning curves on technologies for greenhouse gas reduction is specially considered. The analysis in this study shows that it is not easy to mitigate greenhouse gas with low cost in cement manufacturing industry under the current cap and trade method of Kyoto protocol.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.302-303
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• 2018

This study analyzed the major revision factors and revision contents for 'Construction-Standard-Production-Rate for Construction Works in 2018. Part 16. Pipe Laying Down and Connection" which was revised by the construction expense estimation standard's middle and long-term plans. The main reasons for the revision was analyzed to be unclear construction scope, limitations in applicable pipe material based on the facility type, labor force mainly composed of ordinary workers, limitations of labor force, and incomplete appropriation standard for the tool rent fee and equipment expenses. Through revision of factors, common items were newly established, organization was revised, the labor force was mainly composed of the technicians, and basis for appropriation of equipment expenses was arranged. In addition, through periodic revision, the appropriation standard for bend and special pipes was set. Consequently, more practical construction cost estimate standard is arranged through revision.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.306-310
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• 1996

In this paper a series of developing process for an insulator which can be employed in overhead distribution lines, using polymeric composite materials, is introduced. In order to design an insulator for heavily polluted area, weathershed of alternating type was adopted, which could have longer leakage distance. Modified EVA was used as surface material which has good electrical and mechanical characteristics as well as superior chemical stability. FRP core was covered with above surface material through heat shrinking process. By standardization of each process, higher productivity and lower production cost could be ensured. The developed insulator has been put under various tests including long-term field test and artificial aging test and satisfactory results were obtained.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.45-52
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• 2013

Railway construction needs vast soil investigation for its infrastructure foundation designs along the planned railway path to identify the design parameters for stability and serviceability checks. The soil investigation data are usually classified and grouped to decide design input parameters per each construction section and budget estimates. Deterministic design method which most civil engineer and practitioner are familiar with has a clear limitation in construction/maintenance budget control, and occasionally produced overdesigned or unsafe design problems. Instead of using a batch type analysis with predetermined input parameters, data population collected from site soil investigation and design load condition can be statistically estimated for the mean and variance to present the feature of data distribution and optimized with a best fitting probability function. Probabilistic approach using entire feature of design input data enables to predict the worst, best and most probable cases based on identified ranges of soil and load data, which will help railway designer select construction method to save the time and cost. This paper introduces two Monte Carlo simulations actually applied on estimation of retaining wall external stability and long term settlement of organic soil in soil investigation area for a recent high speed railway project.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.176-179
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• 2004

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted as gases from certain solids or liquids. VOCs include a variety of chemicals, some of which may have short- and long-term adverse health effects. Current technologies for the treatment of VOC contaminated off-gasses are expensive to operate and more cost effective technologies are needed.(omitted)