• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.75-85
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• 2013

Purpose: The descriptive study was done to examine empowerment and job satisfaction of caregivers caring for elders in long term care facilities. Methods: Data were gathered during September 2009, through a survey methodology. The participants were 189 caregivers who worked in long-term care institutions and home care clinics located in city and rural areas. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: For the relationship between empowerment and job satisfaction, there was a significant positive correlation between empowerment and job satisfaction (r=.503, p<.01). Empowerment explained 52.5% of the variance in job satisfaction. Conclusion: The results indicate that the level of empowerment influences job satisfaction. Therefore human resources management planning should focus on increasing empowerment in these caregivers in order to raise their job satisfaction.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.123-134
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• 2007

This study was carried out for evaluating correlation of aging level and deformation resistance of asphalt mixtures conditioned by artificial aging treatment. The specimens were made of the short-term aged loose asphalt mixture which was kept in a convection oven at $154^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours, and then were artificially aged at $110^{\circ}C$ for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours for long-term aging. Deformation strength ($S_D$) and large molecular size ratio (LMS(%)) were measured after short-term and each long-term aging treatment to evaluate aging extents of each mixture with aging time using GPC(Gel-permeation chromatograph) test. It is shown that the $S_D$ and LMS(%) were increased with aging time increment, and that LMS(%) quantity and $S_D$ have relatively good correlation each other. This study found that the aged asphalt mixture had better resistance against rutting and it was possible to estimate rutting characteristics of asphalt mixtures by using LMS(%) without a binder recovery.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 2023

Natural pozzolans are used as additives in cement to develop more durable and high-performance concrete. Pozzolanic activity index (PAI) is important for assessing the performance of a pozzolan as a binding material and has an important effect on the compressive strength, permeability, and chemical durability of concrete mixtures. However, the determining of the 28 days (short term) and 90 days (long term) PAI of concrete mixtures is a time-consuming process. In this study, to reduce extensive experimental work, it is aimed to predict the short term and long term PAIs as a function of the chemical compositions of various natural pozzolans. For this purpose, the chemical compositions of various natural pozzolans from Central Anatolia were determined with X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The mortar samples were prepared with the natural pozzolans and then, the short term and the long term PAIs were calculated based on compressive strength method. The effect of the natural pozzolans' chemical compositions on the short term and the long term PAIs were evaluated and the PAIs were predicted by using multiple linear regression (MLR) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model. The prediction model results show that both reactive SiO₂ and SiO₂+Al₂O₃+Fe₂O₃ contents are the most effective parameters on PAI. According to the performance of prediction models determined with metrics such as root mean squared error (RMSE) and coefficient of correlation (R²), ANFIS models are more feasible than the multiple regression model in predicting the 28 days and 90 days pozzolanic activity. Estimation of PAIs based on the chemical component of natural pozzolana with high-performance prediction models is going to make an important contribution to material engineering applications in terms of selection of favorable natural pozzolana and saving time from tedious test processes.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.61-75
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• 2020

The purpose of this study were to investigate self-leadership, nursing professionalism, job involvement and turnover intention and to identify factors influencing turnover intention of geriatric nurses working in long term care hospitals. The data of it were collected from the 135 questionnaires of its subjects, the nurses working in long term care hospitals in D province. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 21.0. The results revealed that the nurses working in long-term care hospitals had medium level of turnover intention. There were significant correlation between self-leadership, nursing professionalism, job involvement and turnover intention. Factors affecting turnover were age, marital status, nursing professionalism. Nursing professionalism was the most influential factor with an explanatory power of 30.6%. Based on the result, to reduce turnover intention of long term care hospital nurses, it is necessary to enhance their nursing professionalism through development of educational program and organizational support, establishment of systematic strategy and creation of suitable environment for enhancement of job involvement, and intervention for the work force management considering the variables related to turnover intention of nurses working in long-term care hospitals are required in order to reduce turnover intention of theses nurses.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.273-283
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• 2020

This study was attempted to provide basic data for developing future clinical competency enhancement of long-term care hospital nurses. Data were collected from 166 long-term care hospital nurses in G-do. Analysis was done using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Multiple regression with IBM SPSS WIN/21.0. The subjects' clinical competency was positively correlated to death awareness (r=.28, p<.001). The most influential factor on the subjects' clinical competency was death awereness (β=.235, p=.002), followed by marital status 'married' (β=-.214, p=.004), and have choice in days off 'agree' (β=.235, p=.002). The explanatory power was 16.2% (F=10.528, p<.001). Therefore, educational programs raising awareness of death, consideration of fellow nurses to have days off when desired, and encouraging married nurses to work are needed to enhance the clinical competency of long-term care hospital nurses. Utilizing the results of this study as basic data for clinical competency enhancement and in working schedule adjustment of long-term care hospital nurses is expected.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1159-1172
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• 2023

Through this study, we aim to investigate the impact of job stress, self-leadership, and social support on nursing performance among nurses in long-term care hospitals. Our objective is to identify specific measures to enhance nursing performance by understanding how these factors influence overall nursing work outcomes. Participants were nurses working at long-term care hospitals in B city and G city. Data were collected with structured questionnaires from February 1 to February 25, 2018. Data were analyzed SPSS 22.0 program for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. Factors which had effect on nursing performance were self-leadership(β=.415, p<.001), age(β=.251, p=.001), social supports(β=.206, p<.001), job stress(β=-.159, p=.001) and position(β=.102, p=.047). We anticipate that the findings of this study, which reflects the job characteristics of nurses in long-term care hospitals, can serve as foundational data for the development of intervention programs related to nursing performance. These results can contribute to the creation of programs aimed at improving nursing outcomes in accordance with the unique work characteristics of nurses in long-term care settings.

• 한국노년학
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.999-1014
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of long-term care insurance(macro-system) on family relationship(micro-system)s' change based on ecosystems theory. Data come from the second(2007) and the fourth(2009) Korean Welfare Panel Study(KWPS). Experimental group is the beneficiary using long-term care insurance and the member of household in their households, and control group is the non-beneficiary not using long-term care insurance and the member of household in their households. The main findings of difference-in-difference model analysis are as follows. First, the ecosystems theory is a theory examining the correlation between long-term care insurance and family relationship. Second, the effects of long-term care insurance is not income effect but independent effect. This result shows that the meaning of family has faded away and family relationship has been weaken and that long-term care insurance has not complete characteristics as a social insurance. Thus, system reforms of long-term care insurance is highly needed for system comprehensiveness, coverage, adequacy, and service accessibility and is changed into family-friendly social policy.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.129-139
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• 2002

This research purpose was to get urine and hair metal correlation by Spearman methods in subjects with long term intake of herbal medicine. And that result can help research for metal absorption mechanism in body. Subjects have been intake 1-124 months(7.55 months mean) in decoction and 1-60 months (1.27 months means) for some disease treatment in sampling point. 1) Metal concentrations in urine and hair of study subjects showed higher than WHO reference limits, especially 0.32-6.17% in urine and 11.69-26.95% in hair. 2) Metal concentration in urine correlated 0.37(p〈0.001) Cu to Cd, 0.37(p〈0.001) Pb to Cu, 0.29(p〈0.001) Pb to Cu, 0.29(p〈0.001) Pb to Cd, and 0.36(p〈0.001) Pb to Cu, -0.13(p〈0.05) Hg to Cu in hair. Also between urine and hair correlated 0.21(p〈0.001) Cd to Cd. 0.17(p〈0.01) Pb to Pb, -0.06 Cu to Hg, -0.01 Hg to Cu. These results showed that occur physical and chemical reaction among many metals in body, respectively. However, further study related this subjects will be need.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.399-406
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• 2016

This study aimed to identify the level of knowledge, attitude toward the elderly, competence of carers, and the correlation between these variables. Research design employed a cross sectional descriptive study using structured questionnaires. Data were collected from 145 carers who have worked in long term care facilities from June 2014 to September 2014. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, independent t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient were performed to identify the relationship among variables. The competence of carers was related to a positive attitude and a higher knowledge of caring for the elderly. Therefore, educational content that considers improvement among carers who have a low level of educational status should be developed. It should require carers to have a positive attitude toward the elderly through improving the job environment in order to increase the quality of long term care.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.197-209
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was done to examine good death awareness, attitudes toward advance directives (ADs), and preference for care near the end-of-life (PCEOL) of hospitalized elders in long-term care hospitals. Relevant characteristics were investigated as well as correlation of the variables. Methods: This descriptive research study involved 161 hospitalized elderly patients in long-term care hospitals. A self-report questionnaire was used to measure Good Death Scale, ADs Survey, PCEOL Scale, and general characteristics. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation with SPSS/WIN 23.0. Results: In terms of good death awareness, a significant difference was observed; in according to age (F=3.35, p=.037), payer of treatment costs (F=3.98, p=.021), mobility (F=3.97, p=.021), heard discussion about ADs (t=-3.89, p<.001), and willing to complete ADs (t=2.12, p=.036). As far as attitudes toward ADs, the participants presented significant difference depending on religion (t=2.38, p=.018), average monthly income (F=3.91, p=.022), duration of hospital admission (F=5.33, p=.006), person to discuss ADs (t=-2.76, p=.006). On PCEOL, there was a significant difference, depending on religion (t=-3.59, p<.001) and perceived health status (F=3.93, p=.022). Finally, as for how the variables were related to each other, good death awareness and attitudes toward ADs had a weak positive correlation with PCEOL. Conclusion: To help seniors staying in nursing homes face a good death and enjoy autonomy, there should be educational and support systems that reflect each individual's sociodemographic characteristics so that the seniors can choose what kind of care they want to receive near the end-of-life.