• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.234-244
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• 2020

Background: Chronic pain affects approximately 22% of the world's population. Opioids can be useful in chronic pain management. However, some patients have negative perception of opioids. The purpose of this research was to evaluate patients' perception about opioids and investigate problems associated with prescribing and taking opioids in South Korea. Methods: Patients who visited a pain clinic in 14 university hospitals of South Korea from September through October 2018 were asked to complete anonymous questionnaires about taking opioids. Results: Of the 368 patients that were surveyed (female 53.3%, male 46.7%), 56.8% were prescribed opioids. In the opioid group, 92.8% patients had heard of opioids from their doctor and 72.6% of them had a positive perception about opioids. The side effects associated with opioid use were constipation (35.4%), dizziness (24.6%), nausea and vomiting (17.4%), dysuria (6.2%), and addiction (2.0%). In the no opioid group, the primary sources of information about opioids were doctors (49.2%), mass media (30.8%), and the internet (16.2%). The main reasons why 39.0% patients did not take opioids were fear of addiction (57.7%) and side effects (38.5%). There were 71.5% and 60.9% patients in the opioid and no opioid group, respectively, who wished to take opioids when their numeric rating scale pain score was ≥ 7. Conclusions: Perception of opioids among patients who take them was either neutral or positive. However, 39.0% patients who have not been prescribed opioids did not want an opioid prescription, citing fear of addiction and side effects as the primary reasons.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.55-78
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to devise successful strategies for launching of new brands in franchise companies based on cases of 'Gamarogangjung' of Masedarin Inc. The results of case analysis shaw following successful strategies. First, Masedarin Inc. has used its core competence; Masedarin Inc., which managed chicken franchises for many years, launched the new brand, 'Gamarogangjung' based on its differentiated technologies and infrastructure. Second, the brand, 'Gamarogangjung' has used market oriented strategy actively; the brand has reflected customers' needs to its adminstration immediately by understanding and sharing of customers' needs at the corporate level. Third, Masedarin Inc. has differentiated a business model from other companies; by using 'take out' purchasing system instead of 'delivery to doors' or 'purchasing by visiting', the company has saved huge management cost. Fourth, Masedarin Inc. developed a new kind of business which is differentiated from existing chicken franchise brands or take-out restaurants. Fifth, Masedarin Inc. has appealed its sincerity to franchisees; its business information session, which explains about the business openly without exaggeration, has drawn a high rate of franchise agreement. Sixth, Masedarin Inc. changed its way of thinking about conditions of a location for member stores. The company has selected 'A' level locations for their member stores which enables 'quick sales at small profits' while other take-out stores are usually located at 'B' level location. Lastly, Masedarin Inc. has given thorough instructions to the staff of member stores. And immediately after opening of the stores, franchisees were able to operate the stores comfortably because the company educated the staff repeatedly over a long period to make them master skills before the opening of the store.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.106-120
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• 1999

Japan has been prepared for aging society from 1970. In 1970, the percentage of distribution of population of 65 years old and over was 7.1%. It is similar to present percentile of the elderly in Korea. Therefore, it will be needed to study about home care and home visiting nursing in Japan at present. This study was aimed to prepare the fundamental documents for home care nursing in Korea and to know the background of new health care system of Long-term Care Insurance in Japan, by studying home care and home visiting nursing in Japan. With the continuing aging of the population, especially the increase in the number of latter stage elderly, it is predicted that there will be an increase in the number of the elderly who are bedridden and suffering senile dementia. To ensure that these people will be able to continue living in the communities and homes they are accustomed to, surrounded by their families and neighbors, Japan substantially improve and expand in-home services. There were also long-term effort to reach the level of services outlined in the Gold Plan and the New Gold Plan within the decade between FY 1991 and FY 1999 in the field of health care and welfare. Under this plan, the most noticeable change was occurred in home care, home was permitted as the field of care and visiting nursing was established in law. Through this 10- Year Strategy for Promotion of Health and Welfare Services for the Aged, many problems have been improved and solved, but some problems remained such as inadequate service supply and consumption of medical insurance for the elderly. Japan will be a society composed 25% of elderly people of total population in 2020, and it will be soon faced with a shortage of welfare and medical facilities and manpower. As for equalizing the benefits and cost burdens, and other future arrangements for health care and welfare, Long-term Care insurance system was established in 1994. This system will be enforced from April 2000 and use present facilities and services. To know home care and home visiting nursing in Japan, we need to consider present conditions well and to take notice of changes and measures to cope with an aging society continuously.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.260-269
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• 2018

This study investigated the needs of the elderly with dementia from the perspectives of patients and caregivers in long-term care facilities. A total of 145 older adults with dementia and 62 nurses from 3 geriatric hospitals were enrolled in this study. The cognitive function, behavioral and psychological symptoms, activities of daily living (ADL), and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were measured. The mean number of needs reported by the elderly with dementia was 11.94 and those with unmet needs were 2.91 on average. Nurses showed that the mean number of needs and unmet needs of the elderly with dementia was 14.71 and 1.94, respectively. The largest number of older adults with dementia (42.2%) perceived that the needs for daytime activities were unmet. On the other hand, only 24.1% of nurses evaluated that the needs for daytime activities were unmet. The factors influencing the needs of the elderly with dementia were dependency in ADL and IADL. Therefore, caregivers in long-term care facilities need to take the perception of older adults with dementia into consideration when evaluating the met and unmet needs of the elderly with dementia. In addition, sufficient assistance to IADL and ADL would help reduce the needs of people with dementia.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.39-47
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• 2006

This study long jump action to each situation on a chessboard and section of sight disabled person and normal person through third dimension reflex analysis mechanical special quality because do comparative analysis sight disabled person's exercise ability and technology structure of action that run understand. As can do better without danger of injury map and training of exercise item that action that run is included, do offer of pabulum by purpose. Through this study, conclusion is as following. 1. Sight disabled persons' long jump average recording (121.84cm) showing normal persons' average recording (259.27cm) and much differences, show that motion of body is not big to Touch-down from Ready action. 2. Each phase body center composition(r) average speed displayed result that it is more meaning more than Each phase time required. 3. Began in line carriage without body back stretching in 1 situation on Event one are sight disabled persons. Was expose that do not bend enough knee and ankle than normal person in Event two. Was expose that body is not drooped for surface of land in Event three, and knee and ankle were expose that do not unfold easily than normal person. Was expose that do not bend enough on Touch-down knee by relation that can not grasp position of the floor in Event four. 4. When taking off, the average of horizontal speed of body center are 1.80m/sec for blind people and 3.53m/sec for the normal. In this connection, the study shows that the difference of horizontal speed between the blind and the normal is bigger than difference of vertical speed, which are 1.56m/sec for the blind and 1.98m/sec for the normal. Also, composite speed also shows us big difference between 2.41m/sec of the blind and 4.07m/sec of the normal. The speed body center of take-off was expose that average adjuster are big width of deceleration than average - beginning disabled person's average by 2.23m/sec - 1.71m/sec in the vertical speed. 5. If examine change of high and low for z Sign of right hand, change of high and low showed as is small than normal person is sight obstacle, and all hand movements are small and was expose that do not use enough reaction of body as well as in ready action.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.1 s.112
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• pp.1-21
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• 2006

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to analyze production and innovation networks of manufacturers in the rural, long-live areas of Gangwon Jeju and to suggest an ideal regional development model of rural areas in the knowledge-based information age. For this purpose, we compared the areas of Gangwon Jeju with the long-live belt areas in the rural pan of the Honan region and Gwangju Jeonju, the urban part of Honam. The findings from the study are summarized as follows. Firstly, the stronger the local networks in terms of supply of the necessary input materials and labor, the more successful the manufacturing industry is in the given area. Secondly, the more diverse and lasting the networks (in terms of the location of manufacturers, local area and national area) and cooperation agents(businesses, research institutions, the local government, the central government) they have, the more prosperous the manufacturing industry is. These results indicate that the successful development model for rural areas requires that we take the approach of fostering potential innovation capabilities of total areas by fully utilizing their innate resources so as to create an internal cooperative network and further build extensive networks encompassing external entities to create a virtual innovation cluster.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2005

To determine which are the culturally specific factors of Korean bereavement, this chapter focuses on the view of death and the traditional mourning process which reflect Korean values and norms. The formation of the Korean view and understanding of death has been strongly influenced by three of its major traditional religions: Shamanism, Buddhism, and Confucianism (Park:1994: Hao:1999) and Christianity more recently. Each religion has a different view of death and the appropriate expression of mourning. Korea accommodates funeral customs and rules strictly as a cultural system and has retained these traditions over a long period; hence, some of the traditional funeral rituals still remain in modern Korean life, although some of the rites have been simplified. We have looked at the various ways in which grief and mourning is displayed and shared in a collective manner over a long period of time. This fits in well within the other Eastern cultures that are collectively organized, and contrary to the Eurocentric models do not hastily seek to detach the living from the dead and recognize that grief is a long process, and different individuals may take different amounts of time to recover from the grief. The view of death and bereavement in Korea has sprung from the roots of three Korean religions, together with the recent addition of Christianity, although they mainly result from the three earlier religions. The beliefs of these religions are still closely linked together in the rituals of Korean bereavement on both conscious and unconscious levels. The influence of these religions is evident in practice through the bereaved family's mourning reactions, funeral rites and customs and its views about death. Korea used to have a period of mourning for three years, following traditional mourning rites; then the chief mourner and the bereaved families could return to their normal life. In spite of this long mourning process for the bereaved family, once the funeral ceremony is finished, people expect the bereaved family not to express their grief in public; even the bereaved family does not like to talk about death. The process for bereaved people is related to mourning processes in terms of detachment from the deceased in order to start a new life. Relatives and the community recommend the performance of the kut ceremony for relieving the grief of the bereaved. When one family member dies in an unlucky way, the bereaved family may have some fear or other psychological reactions of grief such as pain, depression, insomnia and nightmares, hallucinations or other physical reactions. Unlucky deaths give the bereaved a very painful time and these types of reactions are often more serious than reactions to natural death. But through the kut ceremony, the bereaved family can start to make a new relationship with the deceased. The taboo of this type of death and death generally remains a crucial aspect of the isolation that bereaved people might face and the collective nature of mourning(even where it is still present) is unable to address this aspect of the privatization of grief.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.71-95
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• 2008

Transaction between industrial suppliers and their buyers in business markets increasingly take place in the form of long-tenn business relationships. These relationships are governed through formal or informal agreements. Dynamic business markets are also forcing B2B marketers to create flexibility in their firms. However, buyers are bound in their rationality and find it impossible to contemplate all possible future contingencies. The more formal and detailed the contracts they conclude, the likelier it becomes that at least one buyer is going to perceive a need to adjust the initial agreement as environmental events unfold. In this case, the actor relies upon industrial supplier's competence. Our study purpose is to examine the consequences of supplier's competence on the industrial customer-supplier long-tenn relationship. Antecedent variables of supplier competence include R&D, flexibility, brand asset, market sensing, and customer support service. We presented a comprehensive constructive model consisting of components of supplier's competence and the antecedent factors. Research hypotheses were developed and data were gathered from respondents who work in the cosmetics industry. The results discussed here represent a first step towards a better understanding of the role of supplier competence in the B-to-B cosmetics industry. Managerial implications and the limitations of this research were also discussed.

• Trans-
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• v.13
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• pp.59-90
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• 2022

Short-form content, which means "short video content within 10 minutes," is rapidly emerging as a recent trend among MZ generations based on the fact that it can be viewed whenever there is a short running time, and they are physically short, colorful, and deliver a lot of information in a compressed time, showing differences in both long-form content and format. In addition, entertainment videos such as information delivery videos, eating shows, web entertainment, and dance challenges are mainly produced and distributed, so there is no need to take expertise as a creative work of video experts, and consumers often become producers by directly participating in production using low-end equipment such as smartphones. For these reasons, shortform content creates new image styles rather than general existing image forms such as long-form contents, and this study focuses on changes in editing styles. This study summarized the following five characteristic changes by analyzing the editing style of short form content that has changed compared to long form content according to the 'visual' aspect. The use of frames, memes, screen division, blue screen, and subtitles are included, and by organizing each characteristic, we identified the editing style of shortform content that has emerged as a recent trend and learned about the changes.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2004

Purpose: To investigate the anatomical structure of the incisive canal radiographically by a cone beam computed tomography. Materials and Methods: 38 persons (male 26, female 12) were chosen to take images of maxillary anterior region in dental CT mode using a cone beam computed tomography. The tube voltage were 65, 67, and 70kVp, the tube current was 7 mA, and the exposure time was 13.3 seconds. The FH plane of each person was parallel to the floor. The images were analysed on the CRT display. Results: The mean length of incisive canal was 15.87 mm±2.92. The mean diameter at the side of palate and nasal fossa were 3.49 mm±0.76 and 3.89 mm± 1.06, respectively. In the cross-sectional shape of incisive canal, 50% were round, 34.2% were ovoid, and 15.8% were lobulated. 87% of incisive canal at the side of nasal fossa have one canal, 10.4% have two canals, and 2.6% have three canals, but these canals were merged into one canal in the middle portion of palate. The mean angles of the long axis of incisive canal and central incisor to the FH plane were 110.3°±6.96 and 117.45°±7.41, respectively. The angles of the long axis of incisive canal and central incisor to the FH plane were least correlated (r= 0.258). Conclusion : This experiment suggests that a cone beam computed radiography will be helpful in surgery or implantation on the maxillary incisive area.