• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2003

The experiments about dyeing concentration, temperature and time were done using yellow, red and purple loess as natural inorganic dyes in order to verify a degree of dyeing, characteristics of color and fastness. The results were as following; 1. As a result of analyzing components of loess, purple loess was much than other loess in quartz component and coarse particles contained. This affected to the degree of dyeing. 2. The stronger dyeing concentration was, the more the degree of dyeing was improved, and yellow loess containing fine particles was the best in the degree of dyeing. 3. When it was dyed with raising up to $100^\circ{C}$ for 10 minutes after stirring for 20 minutes at $60^\circ{C}$, was better than on starting at $40^\circ{C}$ or $80^\circ{C}$ in the degree of dyeing. Also yellow loess was the best in these experiments. 4. Washing fastness of loess was low such as other natural dyes, but dyeing wasn't transferred to other textiles. On the other hand, light fastness of it was very excellent and rubbing fastness was relatively good as 3~3.5.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.619-627
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• 2000

Historically, dyed textiles were symbols of status and, because of their expense, reserved only for people of wealth and specalist, Early dye sources probably included plant, animal and mineral extracts. As synthetic dyes have been developed, beginning with synthetic indigo in 1897, reliance on natural dye sources diminished. But renewed interest in natural dyes is fueled by a pro-environment consumer aware of the ecological liabilities of the dye industry. Han Jee was imported from China where it was influenced to period of the three kingdoms(Silla, Baekje, Kokuryo). After that, Han Jee was used for paper in old Korea for long thime before paper was came with civilization. In this paper, dyeing of Han Jee with loess were investigated according to dyeing temperature, dyeing time, loess concentration, and effects of additives. As a reuslts, λmax of Han Jee dyed by loess was 710nm. ΔE values of Han Jee increased by loess concentration, dyeing time, dyeing temperature. Dyeing with additives treatment increased dyeability. Especially, Han Jee treated with aluminium acetate shows the largest dyeability of the Han Jee. The Han Jee dyed loess had very good lightfastness.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2007

In this study, the mechanical properties related to the fabric appearance of well being functional bamboo knitted fabric before and after loess dyeing were evaluated. The mechanical properties of fabrics were measured by KES-F system, that is, shape retention, draping, wrinkle recovery, compression property, and surface properties, and total hand value of three types of knitted fabric, 100% bamboo, 100% cotton, and bamboo / cotton blend (60 / 40) were evaluated before and after loess dyeing. As a result, it was found that appearance density, shape retention, and drape coefficient of cotton knitted fabric were greater than those of bamboo knitted fabric. After loess dyeing, shape retention and drape coefficient, wrinkle recovery of bamboo knitted fabric improved and WC/C and MMD/SMD decreased. According to THV, the hand of bamboo/cotton blend knit is the best among three samples by compensation the weak properties of the two fiber. Therefore, loess dyeing seemed to be a good method for improving shape retention and hand value of 100% bamboo and bamboo blended fabric.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1004-1012
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the loess dyeability of soybean fabric using loess as colorants. Recent days, various textile products such as inner wears, sheets and interior goods are manufactured using materials dyed with loess emphasizing its improved metabolism, anti-bacterial, deodorizing properties, and far infrared ray emissions. Soybean fabric was dyed with loess solution according to concentration of loess, dyeing temperature and dyeing time. To improve washing fastness, soybean fabric and dyed soybean fabric with loess were mordanted by mordanting agents such as sodium chloride(NaCl), Acetic acid(CH₃COOH) and Aluminium Potassium Sulfate(AlK(SO₄)₂·12H₂O). Dyeability and color characteristics of dyed soybean fabric were obtained by CCM observation. Particle size distribution of loess, the dyeability(K/S) of soybean fabric, morphology and washing durability of loess dyed soybean fabric were investigated. The results obtained were as follows; Mean average diameter of loess was 1.08µm. The main components of loess used in this study were silicon dioxide(SiO₂), aluminium oxide(Al₂O₃), and iron oxide(Fe₂O₃). The content of these three component was above 75 weight %. The dyeability of soybean fabric was increased gradually with increasing concentration of loess. The optimum dyeing temperature and dyeing time were 90℃ and 60minutes expectively. The fastness to washing according to concentration of loess and mordanting method indicated good grade result as more than 4 degree in all conditions.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.118-122
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• 2000

Dyeing properties of silk fabric with loess were studied by investigating the effect of dyeing conditions, such as concentration of loess, dyeing temperature and time, on dye uptakes. And also the effects of mordant and mordanting methods on color change and dye uptakes were inverstigated. For the practical use, the various color fastness of dyed fabric were evaluated. The dye uptakes of dyed fabric were increased gradually with increasing concentration of loess, dyeing time and temperature. The K/S value of dyed fabric most efficient for the premordanting method. The color fastness was improved when mordants were added.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

Mixed dyeing were carried out ll"ing yellow, red and purple loess as mineral dyes verify their dyeability, color shade and fastness. The proper density of Chinese ink were 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, $5\%$(o.w.b). The grinded chinese ink had better stainability compared with the general Chinese ink. The mixed dyeing improvement of stainability in the density of loess of $40\%$(o.w.b) among the yellow, red, and purple loess. The colors in the mixed dyeing with Chinese ink were $3.801\~8.13Y,\;0.128\~7.038Y\;and\;4.222\~9.304Y$. The colorfastness were 1-2 in the homogeneous dyeing with Chinese ink. It was improved 1-3 in the mixed dyeing. Light colorfastness of the homogeneous and mixed dyeing were excellent as a value of 5. The dry rubbing fastness in the homogeneous dyeing was 3-3.5, and 3 in the wet rubbing. As for the mixed dyeing, the dyes of Chinese ink showed poor diffusion into the fiber, resulting in low fastness due to the existence of the dyes on the surface.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.600-606
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• 1997

The dyeing with loess has been studied. Two kinds of cotton fabrics having different thickness and density were dyed in loess paste bath. The color differences of the fabrics which were dyed repeatedly.five times were not significant. The dyeing of cotton fabrics with loess was not exactly reproducible, but dyeability of the cotton fabrics of high density was better than that of low density. Loess on the dye6 fabrics was physically jammed between the fibers in the form of the fine particles. The cotton fabrics dyed with loess have good light fastness, but their laundering fastness and abrasion fastness were not good. An aftertreatment was carried out by using the extracted solution from acorn or persimon, and FeSO4 lot improving fastness. When the dyed fabrics was after-treated with FeSO4, the laundering fastness and wet abrasion fastness were improved extremely.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 황토를 이용한 인견직물의 천연염색에 대한 연구의 일환으로, 인견직물의 카티온화가 이루어졌으며, 여러가지 염색조건 즉 염색온도, 염색시간, 염색 pH와 욕비에 따른 염착특성을 평가하여 적정 염색조건을 설정하였으며 이에 따른 염색된 인견직물의 견뢰도 평가를 통해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 수비법으로 얻은 황토분말의 입자 크기는 $0.4{\sim}1.7{\mu}m$ 범위로 나타났으며 $1.1{\sim}1.4{\mu}m$범위내의 분포가 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 황토성분을 분석한 결과, 이산화규소와 산화알루미늄이 많은 양을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 인견 직물의 암모늄기의 도입에 의한 양이온화는 FT-IR 흡수스펙트럼에서 $1,540cm^{-1}$ 부근의 N-H bending에 의한 출현 peak로 확인할 수 있었다. 염색 pH에 따른 K/S 값은 pH 8에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 염색시간에 따른 K/S 값은 시간이 경과함에 따라 염색시간 30분까지는 급격히 증가하다가 그 이상의 시간에서는 거의 증가하지 않았다. 황토농도에 따른 K/S 값은 20% 이하의 농도에서는 약간 증가하지만 30%에서 최고값을 보여준 후 점차 감소하는 경향으로 나타났다. 콩즙의 전처리농도에 따른 K/S 값은 처리농도 30% 까지는 증가하였으나 그 이상의 농도에서는 오히려 약간 감소하는 경향으로 나타났다. 황토염색직물의 황토염착 분포 및 염착 상태를 관찰한 결과 황토 염색 농도가 증가함에 따라 황토입자의 부착량이 많아짐을 알 수 있다. 양이온화 처리에 의해서도 황토의 부착량이 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있으며, 콩즙을 처리하면 콩즙이 직물의 표면을 감싸는 모습을 볼 수 있으며, 콩즙을 처리하지 않은 시료에 비해 콩즙을 전처리한 시료에 더 많은 양의 황토입자가 부착되어 있는 것을 확인할 수 있다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

Tannin treatment has been used for improving the color fastness of dyed materials. In natural dyeing, the tannin treatment is highly effective in improving the fastness. The chitosan treatment also improves the fastness and depth of shade in natural dyeing. In this study, the effects of tannin and chitosan pre-treatment on the color and fastness in loess dyeing were investigated. Cotton woven fabric specimens and cotton knit fabric specimens were pre-treated with chitosan solution in acetic acid, and the specimens were then treated with or without tannin. The specimens were finally dyed with loess. The tannin treatment decreased the K/S values, while the chitosan treatment increased the K/S. Both the tannin treatment and the chitosan treatment increased the wash fastness and light fastness. In tannin treatment, tannin component and Fe component of loess may react together to decrease the lightness and develop dark color. For maintaining inherent color of the loess, it is much preferable to employ chitosan treatment rather than tannin treatment.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.327-332
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of chitosan treatment on the dyeing of cotton fabric specimens using loess as colorants. The wet pick up ratio of the chitosan acid solution, as well as the drying condition after the padding of the fabric specimens, was changed in order to study the loess uptake on the fabric. The average particle diameter of the loess was measured. Main components of the loess were $SiO_2$, $Al_2O_3$, and $Fe_2O_3$. By the chitosan treatment, the loess amount on the cotton fabric increased. 80% wet pick up ratio of the chitosan acid solution on the cotton fabric specimen allowed more stable and even adhesion of the loess on the fabric surface, compared to the cases of 100% and 120% wet pick up ratio.