• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.234-238
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• 2004

Loess was selected as one of the natural dyes and dye solution was extracted from it. With the dyes extracted from loess, the sample fabrics were dyed at 10, 20, and 30 minutes and then $CuSO_4$ was used to treat the dyed fabrics on the concentration of 3%, and 5%. Color difference and colorfastness of the sample fabrics with dyeing time and concentration of post-mordanted agent were analysed. The results were as follows: 1. Effective dying time was 20 minutes since any more dye up-take to the fabrics did not occur after that time. 2. There was distinctive dyeing effect according to whether post-mordanted method was done or not, but there was little effect between post-mordanted concentration of 3% and 5%. 3. There was no effect of the colorfastness on the post-mordanted concentration. The abrasion and laundering colorfastness of post-mordanted fabric samples was better than those of no post-mordanted fabric samples and the light colorfastness of the fabric samples was good regardless of post-mordanted method.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

Mixed dyeing were carried out ll"ing yellow, red and purple loess as mineral dyes verify their dyeability, color shade and fastness. The proper density of Chinese ink were 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, $5\%$(o.w.b). The grinded chinese ink had better stainability compared with the general Chinese ink. The mixed dyeing improvement of stainability in the density of loess of $40\%$(o.w.b) among the yellow, red, and purple loess. The colors in the mixed dyeing with Chinese ink were $3.801\~8.13Y,\;0.128\~7.038Y\;and\;4.222\~9.304Y$. The colorfastness were 1-2 in the homogeneous dyeing with Chinese ink. It was improved 1-3 in the mixed dyeing. Light colorfastness of the homogeneous and mixed dyeing were excellent as a value of 5. The dry rubbing fastness in the homogeneous dyeing was 3-3.5, and 3 in the wet rubbing. As for the mixed dyeing, the dyes of Chinese ink showed poor diffusion into the fiber, resulting in low fastness due to the existence of the dyes on the surface.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2013

The cladoceran Daphniamagna has been used as an aquatic test species in aquatic toxicology. To evaluate the aquatic toxicity of leachate from concrete, the immobilization of D. magna was observed after treatment of various concentrations of leachate specimens. Reliabilities of the culture condition and the experimental protocol for acute toxicity test were successfully achieved from the standard toxicity test. The leachates were prepared from the mixture of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and pozzolanic admixtures, Pulverised fuel ash (PFA), Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and GGBS containing loess. Acute toxicity test showed 100% immobilization of D. magna for OPC or PFA. The leachates from OPC or PFA had high pH 10 to 12. However, GGBS and GGBS containing loess showed less toxicity according to the concentrations. Especially, immobilization was not observed at the concentrations below 12.5% of GGBS containing loess. Also the range of pH for these specimens was 8 to 9. This suggested that the use of loess as the admixture in concrete may be useful to reduce eco-toxicity of leachates from concrete. This our study provided the harmfulness of the alkali leaching from concrete in aquatic environment and the usefulness of D. magna to evaluate the toxicity of leachates from concrete.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.593-596
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• 2006

The environment-friendly building material, photocatalyst/scoria/loess concrete, was prepared using scoria and loess (which have merits as building materials) and photocatalyst (which has the functions to compose the environmental contaminants and of self cleaning). In order to apply this material as a building material, the compressive and flexible strengths, and water absorptivity (which have been set by Korea Industrial Standard) were measured. In order to know the environment-friendly characteristics of this material, several tests, such as, the tests of emissivity and emission power of far infrared ray and acoustic absorptivity, antibacterial test for Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, antifungal test for mixed fungal strains, and deodorization test of ammonia were carried out. Moreover, the removal characteristics of NOx, and formaldehyde (HCHO) by photocatalyst/scoria/loess concrete were examined as the following different parameters: the removal characteristics of these contaminants with the substitution ratio and the kind of photocatalyst, light source, UV intensity of sunlight, relative humidity, intial NOx concentration.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.339-345
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• 2014

This study analyzes and compares Hanji made with loess to Hanji made with kaolin, two yellow-based inorganic pigments, in terms of its physical properties, optical properties, and color fastness to light with the aim of using it as a fashion material. Hanji made by adding inorganic pigments showed an approximately 20% retention ratio on average. This figure was similar to those of loess and kaolin. Physical properties were analyzed, with the following results. A higher amount of additives lowered the apparent density and increased thickness and bulk. In general, inorganic pigment-added Hanji had lower tensile strength, bursting strength, and folding endurance compared to non-additive Hanji. The analysis of optical properties showed a lower brightness index for Hanji made with inorganic pigments compared to non-additive Hanji. When comparing the two inorganic pigments, the brightness of Hanji made with kaolin was higher. Regarding color fastness to light, loess showed level 4 and kaolin showed level 5 when 25% inorganic pigments on pulp were added to Hanji. Thus, Hanji made by adding inorganic pigments during the manufacturing process may perform well as materials for fashion because the additives enhanced both the color fastness to light and the bulk while maintaining the strength. In addition, Hanji dyed with inorganic pigments may have the potential to serve as materials for the fashion industry while still retaining the characteristics of Hanji.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.419-430
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• 2021

Investigation on the compressibility and shear strength of compacted loess is of great importance for the design and operation of engineering infrastructures in filling area. In this study, the mechanical behaviors of Yan'an compacted loess are investigated at various dry densities and water contents by conducting one dimensional compression and direct shear tests. And the elastic compressibility, plastic compressibility, yield stress and strength are obtained from the experiments. Results show that when water content increases, plastic compressibility parameter increases, but yield stress decreases. However, the increase of dry density leads to a decrease in plastic compressibility parameter but an increase in yield stress. In addition, elastic compressibility parameter is found to be a constant which is irrelevant to water content and dry density. As for strength, cohesion and internal friction angle is directly proportional to dry density, but inversely proportional to water content. Moreover, the mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests were also performed to observe the pore size distribution and microstructure of the specimens. Finally, by using results of MIP and SEM tests, the compressibility and strength behaviours of Yan'an compacted loess are explained from the perspective of pore-size distribution and microstructure.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2019

This study tries to reveal source areas of fluvial terrace deposits in Danyang and Geum River basins located in the northern and southern parts of the Sobaek Mountains, respectively, through geochemistry. The samples analyzed in this study show different grain size properties and can be grouped into the coarse, medium and fine samples. Grain size properties suggest that the coarse samples are typically fluvial deposits and geochemistry from the coarse samples is also similar to that from the bedrocks within the basins. The fine samples show geochemical properties different from the bedrocks and similar to loess deposits in Korea. However, different geochemical concentrations among the fine samples can be also recognized, indicating mixtures of loess materials with weathering products of the bedrocks. One sample among the medium samples is considered as fluvial deposit due to geochemical similarity to the bedrocks, while geochemistry from another sample among the medium samples indicates that loess materials were mixed with more abundant weathering products of the bedrocks than those in the fine samples.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.692-699
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• 2012

현 연구의 목적은 변압기 오일에 있는 PCBs의 흡착 제거를 위해 활성탄, 황토, 비산재의 이용 가능성을 탐구하는 것이다. 흡착 실험에서 온도(5, 25, 55), 접촉시간(30분-3일), 흡착제의 양(1, 2.5, 5, 10 g)과 같은 인자들의 영향을 조사하였다. 60분의 흡착평형시간에서 활성탄에 의한 변압기 오일로부터 PCBs의 흡착율이 황토보다 더 우수하였다. 활성탄과 황토의 흡착 평형 데이터는 Freundlich 등온 모델 식에 적합하였다. 5, 25 그리고 $55^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 각 흡착제의 PCBs 흡착 속도상수와 활성화 에너지를 속도 모델을 통하여 알아보았다. 열역학 자료들로부터 변압기 오일/활성탄과 황토 계에서의 PCBs 흡착 공정이 자발적이며 흡열반응이라는 것이 확인되었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2015

Toxicity and uptake of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in three different soils (OECD soil, natural soil and loess) to earthworm (Eisenia fetida) were investigated at several different spiked concentrations of TNT (0 to 200 mg/kg for OECD and natural soils, and 0 to 35 mg/kg for loess) and for different exposure periods (7, 14, 21, and 28 d). The LC₅₀ values for 7 d exposure were 160.1, 159.4, and 28.81 mg/kg for OECD soil, natural soil, and loess, respectively. The LC₅₀ values for 14, 21, and 28 d exposure were almost the same as those for 7 d exposure, showing that 7 d exposure time was enough to decide the toxicity (LC₅₀) of TNT to Eisenia fetida, because the highest concentration of TNT in earthworm body was observed within around 5 d. The LC₅₀ and uptake of TNT in loess were higher than those in OECD and natural soil. The uptake of TNT to the earthworm were correlated well with the initial concentration of TNT in the soil and TNT porewater concentration (R²> 0.9 in OECD, natural, and loess). The concentration of TNT in earthworm body decreased after 5 d, possibly caused by natural degradation of TNT by soil bacteria as well as earthworm.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2015

The present study was undertaken to evaluate effects of eco-friendly underwears(three kinds of natural dying underwears) in patients with atopic dermatitis. We recruited 45 patients with atopic dermatitis admitted to Dongshin Oriental Hospital from August to September 2013. These patients were divided into three groups (A, B and C). Each group include 15 patients and three kinds of natural underwears dyed with polygonum tinctorium, loess, and non-dyed general cotton were given, respectively. We also used SCORAD index and digital infrared thermal imaging to investigate the effects of each eco-friendly underwear in patients with atopic dermatitis. In SCORAD index, Group A after wearing loess-dyed underwears for 4 weeks showed statistically significant reduction to 27.96 (P<0.05) compared to 34.20 before wearing loess-dyed underwears. In Group B after wearing polygonum tinctorium-dyed underwears for 4 weeks, SCORAD index and objective severity assessment were markedly reduced into 22.97 (P<0.01) and 18.17 (P<0.01) compared to 35.95 and 27.89 before wearing polygonum tinctorium.-dyed underwears, respectively. In Group C after wearing general cotton (non-dyed) underwears for 4 weeks, there was statistically no difference in SCORAD index, objective severity assessment and body temperature between before and after wearing general cotton (non-dyed) underwears. Taken together, polygonum tinctorium-dyed underwears used to patients with atopic dermatitis shows significant amelioration in atopic symptoms than loess-dyed underwears as well as general cotton (non-dyed) underwears.