• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2009

Through the result of the investigation on costumes in Bulgarian regions, the main factors for the formation of Bulgarian folk costume and its kinds and history have been found out so far as follows. Alhtough varying according to the district and climate, Bulgarian folk costumes have some general features determined by the material, the pattern, the application. For women, Bulgarian costume consists of a white shirt, a single or double apron unique depending on each region(Bruchnick), a basic dress called a tunic (Soukman), and an open-tunic typed coat (saya). The main factors for the formation of Bulgarian folk costume have been under the influence of natural and environmental features and historical streams resulting from its geographical location. Bulgaria is agriculture-oriented society based on a continental climate. Accordingly, as for the classification of costumes, body-fit clothes, such as shirts and jackets which developed in Europe and fit the body shape, have featured in Bulgaria. Besides, Bulgaria was under the rule of Turk for a long time at the end of the Middle Age. Having been influenced a lot those days, its folk costume shows Turkish elements now. With geographical features, it was found that the southern area was influenced most by Turkey and Greece, and the types of folk costumes in Europe developed mainly from the northern area. The adaptation of traditional costume forms to the new cultural and progressive principles of appeal nowadays needs knowledge, as well as feeling. Finding the right measure and proportions of using old ethnic elemints in contemporary clothing is the prerequisite of successful design.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.202-210
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• 2009

This research was undertaken to prove the relationship between street mall activation and architectural plan design. The research methodology was established based on the analysis of data of two existing street malls in Korea (Western Dome & LaFesta) and theoretical studies of outdoor space design. The findings from this study are the following: First, building blocks with segments in every 50m or so are ideal for detailed communication between visitors and building contents. Second, the ratio of width of main corridor and building height should be less than 1 to provide intimate feel and keep visitors' attention concentrated in the facility. Third, store unit should have more storefronts to be exposed more to passers-by and lead more pedestrian traffic. Fourth, shape of store unit would rather be wide and shallow, instead of narrow and deep, to have more exposure to the central corridor. Fifth, the building block of the busiest(most expensive) area that is usually at the main entrance area of street mall should be flexible to fit more smaller units to maximize the profitability. Sixth, the main entrance of store should face the main pedestrian corridor to induce the influx of visitors. Lastly seventh, anchor tenant that has strong name recognition is usually located on basement or higher level to induce pedestrian traffic into the mall, key tenants that are strong and familiar brand names should be located at the corner of building block with spacing to attract visitors, provide even distribution of traffic, and support wayfinding, and local tenant should be located at small units along the central corridor or remainder spaces occurred from building core layout.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.24-30
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• 2018

In the case of arctic area long-distance natural gas transmission pipeline, it is necessary to construct capable facilities to maintain the gas pressure because the gas pressure is reduced according to the pipeline characteristics and route conditions. In order to maintain the proper NG pressure, it is necessary to secure economy considering the cost of main equipments of the compressor station, construction and operation cost when the compression ratio is shortened or increased by constructing the distance of the compressor station. Therefore, In this study, preliminary study on construction of arctic area long-distance transmission pipeline was reviewed and conduct conceptual design by constructing main equipments process that can reduce the construction cost of the compressor station in arctic area. In particular, in order to evaluate economic feasibility of the long-distance transmission pipeline in arctic area, the virtual area for Yakutsk~Aldan region(Russia) was supposed. The total pipeline length of the virtual is 533km, The scenarios for the location of the compressor station presented. The capacity estimated about the main equipments of the compressor station. As a result, the economic evaluation method reviewed which can minimize the construction cost of the compressor station.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.11
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• pp.979-989
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• 2022

In hydrological surveys, observation through representative location is essential due to temporal and spatial limitations and constraints. Regarding the use of hydrological data and the accuracy of the data, there are still insufficient observatories to be used in a specific watershed. In addition, since there is virtually no standard for the location of the current evapotranspiration, this study proposes a method for determining the location of the evapotranspiration. To determining the location of evapotranspiration, a grid is selected in consideration of the operating range of the Flux Tower using the eddy covariance measurement method, which is mainly used to measure evapotranspiration. The grid of representative location was calculated using the factors affecting evapotranspiration and satellite data of evapotranspiration. The grid of representative location was classified as good, fair, and poor. As a result, the number of good grids calculated was 54. It is judged that the classification of the grid has been achieved regarding topography and land use as a characteristic that appeared in the classification of the grid. In particular, in the case of elevation or city area, there was a large deviation, and the calculated good grid was judged to be a group between the two distributions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.2
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• pp.178-184
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• 2004

The Yatomi - Aioiyama line is a city-planning road that was notified in 1957 and subsequently prepared by land readjustments. Currently, approximately 900m of road pass in the inside of the Aioiyama green area has not been constructed. The surveying briefing session for inhabitants was held in July 1992, the project was authorized by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport in September 1993, and the project briefing session for inhabitants was held in September 1993. The site purchase has been completed. At the May 2000 briefing session, inhabitants of the area began voicing dissenting demanding the conservation of the natural environment of this green area. The inspector system serves as the third party, independent of both the administration and the inhabitants. Before finalizing the geometric line form of the road to be constructed, some surveys of animals and plants found along the walking trails carried out intensively in the northern area, which is approximately 50 ha, of the Aioiyama green area. The natural environment inspector submitted a plan for changing the geometric line form of the road decided upon by city planning, and it was approved by the city planning council. If the shelter structure or the retaining wall structure is adopted at the location where large slope faces are produced by excavation or landfill, and if the bridge structure is adopted at the place where stream-lines and walking trails intersect, it leads to a reduction of approximately $40\%$ in the areas for which change is planned. Furthermore, approximately $20\%$ of the area to be changed is restored by returning soil to the roof of the shelter.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 1980

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the removable partial denture prescriptions including surveyed crowns and design of component parts sent to the laboratory technician. A total of 351 casess with prescription forms and master cast in maxillary and mandibular semi-edentulous situations collected from dental laboratory by random sampling were selected for this study. The evaluation and study observed here involved the classification of edentulous situations, status of abutment splinting, form of rest seats and guiding plane of surveyed crows, location of maxillary major connectors and tripodig marks on the master casts. Removable partial denture prescriptions contained (1) general request (upper and lower cast framework), (2) types of metal, (3) location of retainer(retention, lingual bracing, rest area, guiding plane surface), (4) location and type of major connector, (5) relief area and amount, (6) and other specific instructions. The following informations based on the classified groups such as Group I was those cases sent with no real prescriptions. They say 'make a partial.' No prescriptions, no thought beforehand, Group II was those cases sent with a minimal prescriptions. They say 'make a partial with clasps on May be some preparations, usually inadequate. Group III was those cases sent with a moderately good prescription. Adequate but could be much better. No tripoding but it tell what clasps go where. Still not good prescriptions. Group IV was good cases, tripoded with adequate prescriptions and a prescription which exactly describes what is expected from the laboratory. The analyzed results were as follows: 1. The normal form of rest seats and guiding plane of surveyed crowns in Class. I and Class. II edentulous situations on the maxillary cast were observed 31.9% and 27.89%, respectively. The abutment teeth and retainer without occlusal rests of Class. I and Class. II were showed 11.58% and 8.86%, respectively. In mandibular cases, the normal form of rest seats and guiding plane of surveyed crowns showed 27.54% and 8.82% in Class. I and Class. II situation. The abutment teeth and retainer without rest seats were showed 15.19%, respectively. 2. The splinted surveyed crowns of Class. I and Class. II maxillary edentulous situations in distal extension cases were showed 34.51% and 28.85%, but 28.52% and 10.29%, respectively. 3. The location and type of maxillary major connector delineated on the master cast were 66 cases (44.89%). 4. The results of 351 cases were classified as Group I 146(41.59%), Group II 115 (32.76%), Group III 57 (16.23%), and Group IV 33 (9.48%). 5. The delineation of abutment tooth for clasping were 176 cases (50.14%) among total of 351 cases. 6. The delineation of height of contour line were showed 45 cases (12.8%) in Group II, 14 cases (3.98%) in Group III and 33 cases (9.40%) in Group IV with total 92 cases (26.21%). 7. In surveying procedure, the delineation of tripoding marks and reference line were showed 17 cases (4.84%).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.65-75
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• 2018

This thesis attempts to investigate and analyse the architectural characteristics of catholic churches in Gangwon province built in the 1950s. Catholic churches built at that time in Korea had many similarities basically since they were supported by UN forces after the Korean War and were established by priests connected to the Missionary Society of St. Columban. The results of study are as follows. In location, Except one catholic church, the catholic churches preferred low and gentle hill. In layout axis, catholic churches at Youngseo area preferred the north-south layout axis, whereas those at Youngdong favor the east-west layout axis. In approach, most of catholic churches around the Youngseo and Youngdong areas preferred entering the front entrance with a bell tower, whereas three of them at Youngdong did entering the front entrance with a bell tower around the rear corner. In floor plan, catholic churches at Youngseo preferred symmetry, whereas those at Youngdong preferred asymmetry. And every floor plan of catholic churches is rectangular type with transepts except one semicircular type. In apse shape, catholic churches in the Youngseo area preferred non-extruded types like a straight wall, whereas those in Youngdong have extruded types. Every catholic churches have no crypt under ground except one at Gangreung. Except one at Sokcho, every catholic church in this study has choir space in half story.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.12
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• pp.169-176
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• 2006

Since home network system is usually set up based on the built-in system inside home at the time of construction, it has a difficulty in being compatible with new devices after construction. In this paper, we propose DBS(Dynamic Binding System) that can make links effectively among the devices located in inside and outside of home networks. Implementation of the DBS is based on the ZigBee's binding in WPAN(Wireless Personal Area Network). For this research, we constructed the system consisting of home server that contains proxy server and location server, devices inside home in which tinyOS is embedded, and mobile device that is an emulator. The communication inside home is done by IEEE 802.15.4 protocol and the communication between servers and mobile devices outside home is done by TCP/IP protocol. Regardless of device's address format, the DBS facilitates a link among the devices located inside and outside of home networks. And, introducing a new device into home network can be recognized easily by exchanging messages between devices.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.19-27
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• 2017

The effects of changes in area and location of fire source, fire growth rate, and volume of compartment on the major fire characteristics, including heat release rate, in closed compartment fires were examined. To this end, a fire simulation using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) was performed for ISO 9705 room with a closed opening. As main result, it was found that the changes in the area and location of fire source did not significantly affect the thermal and chemical characteristics inside the compartment, such as maximum heat release rate, total heat release, maximum temperature at upper layeras well as species concentrations. However, increasinthe fire growth rate and volume of compartment resulted in increase of the maximum heat release rate and total heat release, decrease in the limiting oxygen concentration and increase in the maximum CO concentration. Finally, a methodology for the application of fire growth curves to closed compartment fires was proposed by deriving the correlation of the maximum heat release rate expressed as a function of the fire growth rate and the volume ratio of compartment based on the ISO 9705 room.

• Journal of recreation and landscape
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.67-78
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• 2018

Hangang Artpark construction is an enterprise founded in 2018 that involved installing public artworks created by 37 different people (teams) in Hangang Park located in Yeouido and Ichon Park. An iconic public space in Seoul, Hangang Park is turning into an even better public space due to the efforts to change the park into an eco-friendly, cultural-artistic space in tandem with the change in times. The objective of the Hangang Artpark construction business is to augment the environmental and scenic value of Hangang not only to provide a space for leisurely activities but also to revive it as a cultural-artistic area. This is a study of the concept and the design and installation processes of "Thinking of each other", a project by the Hangang Artpark construction business. This art piece has been installed in the wetlands and it trails along Ichon Hangang Park, which was created during the environmental recovery project. The piece consists of sculptures molded into animal shapes that are unique to the location and ecology of the area, displayed in harmony with the park's street furniture. By showing the coexistence of animals that existed in Hangang in the past along with the current inhabitants and the natural enemies of these inhabitants, the piece displays an ecofriendly scene. Moreover, by incorporating this piece into the street facilities of the park, such as gazebos, streetlights, surveillance cameras, and perches, the piece exhibits a different kind of street view compared to the installation style of other conventional environmental artworks. The various sculptures are installed along with the street facilities throughout the trail, rather than in a specific location intended for artworks, thereby achieving harmony with the park scene. In so doing, the piece elicits in the beholder an environment-friendly way of thinking, and at the same time, gives them a sense of calm and pleasure. Further, the paper researches the methods of safely installing art pieces in public spaces and of maintaining these installations.