• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the traits of the spatial orientation of urban residents. The analysis materials are the 110 rough maps which have been collected for the last ten years in Yeonsugu, Incheon metropolitan. The urbanites' spatial orientation are analysed from an aspect of the orientation elements and the orientation frames respectively. As a result, the urban dwellers make use of five elements - path, node, district, landmark, and language clue for their spatial orientation. Again the orientation frames of the urban people are investigated in terms of locating and directing in space. In regard to the former, they tend relatively to depend on horizontal axes based on broad streets and to prefer to position at the center on coordinate system. With reference to the latter, they show to be north-at-the-top directed tendency and to hold higher proportion of exocentric perspective than egocentric. Consequently urban residents tend to form spatial orientation with using five spatial elements, leaning horizontal axis, positioning themselves at the central part of coordinates, directing toward north-at-the-top through exocentric perspective.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2017

Fishes detect various sensory stimuli, which may be used to direct their behavior. Especially, the visual and water flow detection information are critical for locating prey, predators, and school formation. In this study, we examined the specific role of these two different type of stimulation (vision and vibration) during the obstacle avoidance behavior of carp, Cyprinus carpio. When a visual obstacle was presented, the carp efficiently turned and swam away in the opposite direction. In contrast, vibration stimulation of the left or right side with a vibrator did not induce strong turning behavior. The vibrator only regulated the direction of turning when presented in combination with the visual obstacle. Our results provide first evidence on the innate capacity that dynamically coordinates visual and vibration signals in fish and give insights on the novel modulation method of fish behavior without training.