• Molecules and Cells
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2009

A plant-specific gene was cloned from melon fruit. This gene was named downward leaf curling (CmDLC) based on the phenotype of transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the gene. This expression level of this gene was especially upregulated during melon fruit enlargement. Overexpression of CmDLC in Arabidopsis resulted in dwarfism and narrow, epinastically curled leaves. These phenotypes were found to be caused by a reduction in cell number and cell size on the adaxial and abaxial sides of the epidermis, with a greater reduction on the abaxial side of the leaves. These phenotypic characteristics, combined with the more wavy morphology of epidermal cells in overexpression lines, indicate that CmDLC overexpression affects cell elongation and cell morphology. To investigate intracellular protein localization, a CmDLC-GFP fusion protein was made and expressed in onion epidermal cells. This protein was observed to be preferentially localized close to the cell membrane. Thus, we report here a new plant-specific gene that is localized to the cell membrane and that controls leaf cell number, size and morphology.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.331-340
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• 2010

3D fluid based numerical modelling is done for a VHF multi hollow cathode array plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system. In order to understand the fundamental characteristics of it, Ar plasma is analyzed with a condition of 40 MHz, 100 Vrf and 1 Torr. For hole array of 6 mm diameter and 20 mm inter-hole distance, plasma is well confined within the hole at an electrode gap of 10 mm. The peak plasma density was $5{\times}10^{11}#/cm^3$ at the center of the hole. When the substrate was assumed at ground potential, electron temperature showed a peak at the vicinity of the grounded walls including the substrate and chamber walls. The reaction rate of metastable based two step ionization was 10 times higher than the direct electron impact ionization at this condition. For $H_2$, the spatial localization of discharge is harder to get than Ar due to various pathways of electron impact reactions other than ionization.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.206-213
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• 1998

Primary hyperparathyroidism is still uncommomn disease in Korea. However the frequency of this disease has been slowly increased with routine measurement of serum calcium and increasing awareness of hyperparathyroidism in recent years. The diagnosis is established by a persistent elevation of serum calcium and parathyroid hormone and by clinical evaluation. This is a report of eleven patients with primary hyperparathyroidism treated with surgical operation during a period from 1983 to 1997 at Department of Hospital. Authors analyzed the cases to evaluate clinical characteristics and outcome of surgical treatment retrospectively. The result was as follows. 1) In sex distribution, female patients were eight and three were male, the age distribution ranged from 18 to 67 years. 2) The presenting clinical manifestations were renal and urinary stone in eight, bone pain or fracture in six, muscle weakness in four, neurologic symptoms in four, neck mass in three, hypertension in two, and G-I symptoms in one. 3) All patients showed hypercalcemia and elevated serum parathyroid hormone level. 4) Preoperative localization study was performed with computerized tomography, ultrasonography, MRI, arteriography and thyroid scaning. 5) The tumor locations were left lower in eight, left upper in one, right lower in one, and right upper location was one case. 6) Histopathologic findings disclosed adenoma in all cases. 7) All patients were treated by surgical excision and postoperatively transient hypocalcemia occurred in six patients, but no other complication was developed.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 1987

The geology of the Bupyeong mine area is consisted of Precambrian Gyeonggi gneiss complex and Mesozoic igneous rocks; i.e., pyroclastic rocks, intrusive breccia, granite and felsic porphyries which were formed during a Jurassic to early Cretaceous resurgent caldera evolution. Granites are not observed on the surface and in the underground of the mine. Bupyeong silver deposits occur as stockworks of base metal sulfides- minor silver minerals-quartz - carbonate veinlets, hosted by pyroclastic rocks and intrusive breccia at the southwestern margin of the caldera. Silver occurs mainly as native silver, and other silver minerals, minor in quantity, are argentite, tetrahedrite-freibergite, pyrargyrite, polybasite, canfieldite and dyscrasite. The average grade of silver ore is about 180g/t Ag. Discrimination of silver ore from the country rocks depends largely on the chemical analyses of rock samples taken every two meters from tunnels, diamond-drilling cores and mining stopes, because silver minerals are hardly observed in the ore by crude eye, and silver orebodies do not properly coincide with the concentrated zone of base metal sulfides which were precipitated at the earlier stage than the stage of precipitation of native silver. General characteristics of the loci of the silver orebodies are as follows; (1) The host rocks of orebodies are pyroclastic rocks and intrusive breccia. (2) Many of the orebodies are distributed around Gyeonggi gneiss complex. Especially where the paleotopography of gneiss complex shows a gradual slope, the basal stratigraphic horizon of the pyroclastic rocks unconformably overlying the gneiss complex offered a favorable loci of high grade ore. (3) $N5^{\circ}W$ to $N15^{\circ}$ E-striking faults played an important role in the localization of the orebodies. (4) Conduits of intrusive breccia within the gneiss complex, through which the intrusive breccia intruded into the upper pyroclastic rocks, exist beneath most of the main orebodies. This suggests that the conduits of intrusive breccia served as channelways for the migration of ore fluids.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.775-786
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• 2004

Establishments of wholesale of recycling materials are located in the region where an amount of recyclable wastes generated as artery industry developed and the region of rather many population. And they are located not in underpopulated area as noxious facilities, but located in the non-residential area of many population regions in the whole country. Also, establishments of recycling of metal wastes and scrap, and non-metal wastes and scrap are mainly located in the peripheral region of metropolitan cities, regional centered cities, and adjacent regions of industrial area, because of high coefficient of localization, and agglomerated effects of production. The factor influencing the location of recycling industries is deeply connected with the location of wholesale of recycling materials, and thus, the transportation costs to carry recycling materials from supplied regions to plants are important but population is not so important.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.17-26
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• 1994

This study was an attempt to investigate various factions, such as the calorie, nutrient intake, physical activity, blood lipids, obesity prevalence and body fat distribution on NIDDM male diabetics. General characteristics, physical activity and exercise levels of subjects were invesigated by interviewing, daily calorie and nutrient intake were measured by convenient method. The following anthropometric measurements were made on all participats : weight, height. Also waist and hip circumference were measured on 174 male diabetics to get waist-to-hip circumference ratio as index of the body fat distribution. For measurement of plasma lipids, 12-hour fasting blood samples were drawn The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. At the onset of diabetes, the major self-diagnosed symptoms were polydipsia, fatigue, and body weight redution 2. The average of daily energy intake of male diabetics was 2106 Kcal which is 96% of the RDA Percentage of energy is that carbohydrate:protein : pat=70:14:16. 3. Among the NIDDM male subjects, 59% was exercise regularly. 4. Obese subjects above in the ideal body weight of 120% are presently 17%, but 39% of subjects were reported to be obese in the past. The mean BMI of the male NIDDM diabetics is 23.3${\pm}$2.6 and the past mean BMI was 25.2${\pm}$2.7 The mean WHR was 0.93${\pm}$0.10. 5. When diabetics were divided into obese and nonobese group according to RBW, energy intake, blood pressure, blood glucose and total cholesterol were not significantly different between the two groups, but LDL and VLDL-cholesterol were significantly higher in the obese group. 6. RBW did not correlate with cholesterol and triglyceride, but WHR correlated significantly with cholesterol and triglyceride. In conclusion, these results from a present study support previous findings indicating that not only the degree of obesity but also the localization of fat is a risk factor for diabetes.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.81-86
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• 2014

According to the development of streaming services with P2P and mobile network technologies, researches to enhance the service quality in mobile environment have been proposed. However, streaming services considering high-speed mobile environment and characteristics of heterogenous terminals have been hindered from being provided with the required quality from user because of bandwidth congestion between selfish peers of existing P2P system. It is also prone to long delay and loss in accordance with the repeated traffic amounts because there are no optimized solution for traffic localization. The structure to enhance peer contribution for service differentiation and peer selection with clustering scheme with location information of terminal can satisfy both users and service providers with service quality and efficiency. In this paper, we propose an incentive mechanism and resource distribution scheme with user contribution and traffic cost information based on user location, which make mobile users increase the satisfaction of service quality in LTE environments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2015

Historically, college campuses have played a role of a city, and the development pattern of various forms and functions of cities was found in the growth stages of campuses as well. In this way, campuses developed in close relationships with our lives and such a characteristic can be confirmed in a number of cases in and out of the country. The strategic concept of such expansion is shown in the strategic classification through a master plan. This research examines concepts of major universities in the metropolitan area of Korea for promoting campus expansion and proposes implications through them. The results drawn from the research are as follows. Firstly, various developmental directions should be sought in aspects of planning, programming and economics for campus expansion with the complex application of such factors. Secondly, the multi-campus strategy of past localization era is changing into the concept of forming a global campus materializing itself as the planning strategy of internal campus. Thirdly, the physical barrier is being dissolved as a way to promote the relationship with local communities, and particularly, the management strategy of constructing new buildings in connection with local communities is the leading measure of materialization. Lastly, the development of underground space is actively carried out due to the limitation of ground physical space through which a role of establishing new campus order along with securing space is pursued.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.97-108
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• 1993

The biochemical characteristics of immunorecative atrial natriuretic peptide (irAUPP and the changes in the levels of irANP in the heart were investigated during the metamorphosis of frog tadpoles. Immunohistochemical localization of pro-ANP in cardiocfes and the presence of irAW in the peritoneal fluid of metamorphosing tadpoles were also examined. The major form of irANP in the cardiocvtes of tadpoles (Rana omurensisp was high molecular weight on gel filtration chromatographv and reverse-phase HPLC. The levels of irANP in the atrium of tadpoles were five to seven times higher than those in the ventricle. In metamorphosing tadpoles the levels of irANP in the atrium increased at stage XX, the climax of metamorphosis, and decreased at stage XXV (P < 0.051, the completion of metamorphosis. When the levels of irANP was expressed as a function of body weight of tadpoles, a continuous increase in the levels of irANP was observed from pre- to postmetamorphosis (P < 0.051. The levels of irAUP in the ventricle were found to be higher in the adult frogs than in tadpoles (R. omurensisl (P < 0.01). Pro-ANP (31-67) immunoreactivity was detected in the ventricle as well as in the atrium of tadpoles fR. nigromaculotal. The peritoneal fluid was also found to contain low molecular weight of irAUP and the levmils of irANP were 55.4 $\pm$ 9.1 pg/ml. Changes of the level of irANP at different stases of the life cycle suggest that ANP may play a role in the regulation of body fluid homeostasis of frog tadpoles during the metamorphosis.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2008

In this paper, a new regularization method by parameter subset selection method is proposed based on the residual force vector for damage localization. Although subset selection using the fundamental modal characteristics as a residual function has been successful in detecting a single damage location, this method seems to have limited capabilities in the detection of multiple damage locations and typically requires cumbersome weighting values. The method is presented herein and considers cases in which damage detection must be achieved using incomplete measurements of the structural responses. Model expansion is incorporated to deal with this challenge. The unique advantage of employing the new regularization method is that it can reliably identify multiple damage locations. Through an illustrative example, the proposed damage detection method is demonstrated to be a reliable tool for identifying multiple damage locations for a planar truss structure.