• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.564-569
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• 2013

Background Scalp defects may be caused by various etiological factors, and they represent a significant surgical and aesthetic concern. Various surgical techniques can be applied for reconstructive work such as primary closure, skin grafting, pedicled or free flaps. In this article, the authors share their clinical experience with scalp operations using the technique of local flaps and discuss the application of this method from the perspective of not only the size of the defect, but also in relation to the anatomical area, quality of surrounding tissue, and patient's condition. Methods During the period from December 2007 to December 2012, 13 patients with various scalp defects, aged 11 to 86 years, underwent reconstruction with local pedicle flaps. The indications were based on the patients' condition (age, sex, quality of surrounding tissue, and comorbidities) and wound parameters. Depending on the size of the defects, they were classified into three groups as follows: large, 20 to 50 $cm^2$; very large, 50 to 100 $cm^2$; extremely large, 100 $cm^2$. The location was defined as peripheral (frontal, temporal, occipital), central, or combined (more than one area). We performed reconstruction with 11 single transposition flaps and 1 bipedicle with a skin graft on the donor area, and 2 advancement flaps in 1 patient. Results In all of the patients, complete tissue coverage was achieved. The recovery was relatively quick, without hematoma, seroma, or infections. The flaps survived entirely. Conclusions Local flaps are widely used in scalp reconstruction since they provide healthy, stable, hair-bearing tissue and require a short healing time for the patients.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2006

When the movement of a node breaks the route in ad-hoc network, on-demand routing protocol performs the local route recovery or a new route search for the route maintenance. And when it performs the new route search or the local search, the packet which is transmitted can be delayed. There are ARMP and RPAODV as the methods reducing the delay resulted from the route-breakage. They predict the route-breakage and construct an alterative local route before the occurrence of the route-breakage. When the link state is unstable, the success rate of the alternative local route that can avoid the route-breakage can give a direct effect on the route-breakage and the transmission delay, To estimate the performance of routing protocols avoiding route-breakage, we suggest the numerical formulas of AODV, the representative on-demand routing protocol, and ARMP, RPAODV. To verify the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed numerical formulas, we analysis and compare with the results of the computer simulation and that of the numerical formulas.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.4_1
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• pp.129-136
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• 1992

A precedure for recovering surface displacement from a time series of pressure measured by a pressure gage in a shallow water (that is, FFTM, LCM. IWM) is investigated with respect to a proper cut-off-frequency of a frequency response function for the accurate recovery of wave height and period. The authors examined the applicability of above mentioned three transformation procedures through field observations and laboratory experiments and the following results are obtained. i) The cut-off-frequency of the frequency response function used in FFTM is deeply depend on both the frequency response of the pressure sensor and the water depth at the sensor. In this study, a relatively accurate surface displacement can be recovered when the frequency response function is cut off at the frequency corresponding to kh=3.0 where k is a wave number at the depth of h. The frequency response function in the region higher than the cut-off-frequency is set constant to be the value at the cut-off-frequency. ii) The transformed surface displacements by LCM are affected by the small waves of short periods included in the measured pressure. It is found that pressure variation whose local frequency is higher than kh=1.5 has to be neglected to recover surface displacement sufficiently. iii) In IWM, the linear pressure response function is usually utilized by multiplying a coefficient N which is a function of the frequency (or kh) and takes a value around unity. However, in this study, a constant value of N(=1.0) gives a relatively accurate recovery of surface displacements.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.116-119
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• 2010

Trauma to the lips and tongue can occur by accidental self-biting after dental treatment. After local anesthesia, it is likely that the patient may feel painless even in biting the tongue. In case of young children and disabled patients, the dentists should be careful not to bite the tongue. In this report, we present a case of deep lingual laceration due to biting the tongue in the course of dental treatment under general anesthesia. A 33 year-old male was transferred to our hospital to treat tongue laceration. Before 2 hour on arrival, he had received dental care under general anesthesia at a dental hospital for the disabled because of cooperation difficulty and cerebral palsy. During recovery from general anesthesia, he tried to bite his own tongue involuntary. The doctors and nurses tried to prevent the patient from being injured. Despite these efforts, massive bleeding occurred from the injured sites of the tongue. Because we could not communicate with him, we decided to evaluate the extent of the injury and treat the injured sites under general anesthesia. The laceration wound was sutured for nearly 1 hr general anesthesia. During recovery we inserted mouth prop into the oral cavity to prevent further injuries from tongue biting. After full recovery from general anesthesia he didn't try to bite his tongue. After 4 hour admission, he was discharged without other complications.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.611-619
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• 2017

This paper intends to develop unit water production cost (UWPC) between alternative water resources including desalination, freshwater reservoirs, single-purpose dams, underground dams, and two indirect water in-take technologies - riverbank filtration and aquifer storage and recovery (ASR). The UWPCs of water supply schemes including each alternative are determined based on project cost, and operation and maintenance estimation models, which were developed based on real project cost data. The sensitivity analysis of UWPCs reveals that ASR is the lowest cost option in producing drinkable water among the alternatives, followed by riverbank filtration and underground dam. It is expected that economics related to the finding plays a critical role in supporting water resources planning and budget allocation for central and local water authority in Korea.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.244-255
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• 2020

Purpose: As the daily life experiences of community-dwelling people with mental disabilities are closely correlated to mental health recovery, this study aimed to analyze their daily life experiences in depth to determine their significance. Method: Participants included eight community-dwelling people with mental disabilities. A total of 12 in-depth interviews were conducted once or twice per participant. The collected data were analyzed using the phenomenological analysis method described by Giorgi. Results: The daily life experiences of community-dwelling people with mental disabilities were categorized into the following four components: "encountering shocking reality in the outside world", "life tied down by the mental illness", "happiness and gratefulness encountered in daily life", and "wishing for a change and self-sustaining life". Conclusion: This study found that the recovery and welfare of community-dwelling people with mental disabilities were promoted and that these patients made necessary efforts to become a member of the local community. These findings could be used as a reference for establishing social welfare policies which enable people with mental disabilities to participate as functioning members of the community that facilitate the prevention of relapse, to promote their integration into the community. Furthermore, the present results will contribute to the development of nursing intervention programs to promote recovery and prevent relapse, to ultimately establish a mental health management system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.135-147
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• 2020

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of physiotherapy intervention for patients with COVID-19 during their hospital admission and post-discharge. METHODS: The recommendations and guidelines of physiotherapy management, medical management, and general information of the WHO, Australian Physiotherapist, European Respiratory Society, British Thoracic Society, and American Thoracic Society were reviewed. RESULTS: This paper contains general information on COVID-19, including medical management, and the importance of physiotherapy approaches including an assessment of the patients' function, such as the 6-minute walking test, five sit to stand or sit to stand for one minute to measure their function as their recovery journey. The patients' quality of life, anxiety, and depression should be considered. Physiotherapy management should be based on an assessment of the patient's presenting impairments, including inclusion and exclusion of physiotherapy intervention. The paper also approaches step by step with the disease progress, from an intensive care unit, the general ward in the acute phase, through to the rehabilitation ward if needed, and post-discharge as an outpatient.. CONCLUSION: The paper has a limitation due to the unknown factor of the natural history of COVID-19. Depending on the patients' recovery journey and the rehabilitation needed, any physiotherapy interventions should focus on what the patients' need on their journey to recovery, e.g., pulmonary, cardiac, neurological, and general rehabilitation. In addition, applying personal protection equipment for treating physiotherapists is a mandatory requirement because this protects from the transmission of COVID-19.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.7A
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• pp.1028-1035
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• 1999

To increase the throughput of data transmission in burst-mode TDMA communication systems and also to get a good BER performance at the same time, it is essential to rapidly acquire the carrier while keeping the desirable tracking performance. To achieve this goal, in this paper, a new decision-directed carrier recovery algorithm is presented. The proposed scheme does not incorporate the PLL and suppress the Gaussian random process of input noise by the pre-stage low pass filter so as to get both the fast acquisition and a good performance. Through computer simulations, the performance of the scheme is analyzed with respect to the acquisition time and bit error rate. The cycle slip in the proposed scheme is seldom observed at very low SNR environment in contrast to the previous proposed one. Because of this merit, it is not required to do the differential encoding and decoding in the proposed scheme.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.139-155
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• 2011

Objectives : To research trends of studies on treatments of knee osteoarthritis in Korean medicine. Methods : Domestic theses, published from 2000 to 2010, mentioning the treatments of knee osteoarthritis in Korean medicine were reviewed and analyzed. This study researched 79 theses and classified again according to the fields of the treatment. Results : The results were obtained as below ; 1. Studies on pharmacoacupuncture account for 41% of the total (32cases/79cases). The target of treatments had changed from pain alleviation and anti-inflammation to cartilage-protection since 2006. 2. Herbal Drug, Bee Venom, Cervi Cornu Parvum pharmacoacupuncture, Taping Therapy and Tai-Chi Exercise program were more effective than others. Moreover research on exercise program such as Tai-Chi has been increasing. 3. Some Herbal Drug (Glycyrrhizae Radix, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Achyrantis Radix, Paeoniae Radix, Eucommiae Cortex and so on) were mainly used to investigate the effect on cartilage protection, pain relief and anti-inflammation in laboratory test. 4. Acupuncture including individualized, local acupoints and constitution acupuncture were effective than others in pain alleviation and symptom relief. 5. Pharmacoacupuncture Bee Venom were effective in recovery of joint function and pain relief while Buthus martensii Karsch, Homnis Placenta and Cervi Cornu Parvum were effective in cartilage protection and recovery. 6. Moxibustion was efficient to reduce joint pain and partly increase ROM (range of motion) of knee joint, but was not efficient to recover the function of knee joint. Conclusions : These results indicate that research trends on knee osteoarthritis were changed from symptomatic treatment (pain alleviation and anti-inflammation) to conservative treatment (cartilage protection and recovery).

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.204-210
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• 2020

Excessive intake of sodium caused by high salt diet promotes the expression of inflammatory cytokines and differentiation of helper T cells resulting in inflammatory responses. High-glucose diet also contributes to the pathogenesis of periodontitis by inducing changes in the oral microbiome and reducing salivation. However, the effect of a high-salt and glucose diet (HSGD) on the prognosis of periodontitis remains unclear. In this study, a rat model of experimental periodontitis was established by periodic insertion of absorbable sutures containing Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum strains into the right gingival sulcus to analyze the effect of HSGD on the incidence and progression of periodontitis. The alveolar bone heights (ABH) was measured with microcomputed tomography imaging of the HSGD- and general diet (GD)-treated groups. The right ABH was significantly decreased compared to the left in both groups at 4 weeks after induction of inflammation; however, no significant difference was noted between the groups. Notably, the ABH in the HSGD-treated group was significantly decreased at 8 weeks after induction of inflammation, whereas in the GD-treated group, an increase in the ABH was observed; a significant difference of the ABH was noted between the two groups (p < 0.05). At 12 weeks, recovery of the alveolar bone was observed in both groups, with no significant differences in ABH between the two groups. These findings indicate that the intake of excessive sodium attenuates the recovery rate of the alveolar bone even after the local infectant is removed. In addition, this study demonstrates the use of HSGD in establishing a new animal model of periodontitis.