• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2003

Genetic diversity of local populations among geologically isolated groups of Rana amurensis was refined by sequence comparison of the mitochondrial (mt) 165 rDNA genes. Each 401 base pairs of DNA sequences, which was determined from four local populations of Rana amurensis, two local populations of R. nigromacutata, and three species of the genus Rana were used in this analysis. Despite morphological similarity of Rana amurensis, Korean populations were well distinguished from the other groups on the basis of 105 rDNA gene difference. Further analyses for additional local populations belonging to R. amurensis will be necessary to clarify the taxonomic status.

• The Journal of Engineering Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 1998

In this paper, we analyze the WLL systems with high chip rate, which virtually eliminates the multipath fading effects by appling space diversity functions. First, we found out the capacity of reverse link which resulted from performing computer simulation of the transmission and reception of the WLL systems to evaluate the performance of the WLL systems in real environment. Besides, we analyze the radio propagation medium and the link budget and from the results, made RCSU for providing of the AWGN multipath fading channel. This RCSU is produced to characterize the urban radio propagation medium in various environments. From the simulation results, diversity gains increase as depth of fading becomes deeper. We also confirm that the systems applied diversity reduce the effects of multipath fading phenomena which cause to degrade the performance of WLL systems, based on the results $E_b/N_o$ and BER curve.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2020

Association mapping is widely used in rice and other crops to identify genes underlying important agronomic traits. Most association mapping studies use diversity panels comprising accessions with various geographical origins to exploit their wide genetic variation. While locally adapted breeding lines are rarely used in association mapping owing to limited genetic diversity, genes/alleles identified from elite germplasm are practically valuable as they can be directly utilized in breeding programs. In this study, we analyzed genetic diversity of 179 rice varieties (161 japonica and 18 Tongil-type) released in Korea from 1970 to 2006 using 192 microsatellite markers evenly distributed across the genome. The 161 japonica rice varieties were genetically very close to each other with limited diversity as they were developed mainly through elite-by-elite crosses to meet the specific local demands for high quality japonica rice in Korea. Despite the narrow genetic background, abundant phenotypic variation was observed in heading time, culm length, and amylose and protein content in the 161 japonica rice varieties. Using these varieties in association mapping, we identified six, seven, ten, and four loci significantly associated with heading time, culm length, and amylose and protein content, respectively. The sums of allelic effects of these loci showed highly significant positive correlation with the observed phenotypic values for each trait, indicating that the allelic variation at these loci can be useful when designing cross combinations and predicting progeny performance in local breeding programs.

• ALGAE
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.269-278
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• 2018

Ocean warming can have significant negative impacts on population genetic diversity, local endemism and geographical distribution of a wide range of marine organisms. Thus, the identification of conservation units with high risk of extinction becomes an imperative task to assess, monitor, and manage marine biodiversity for policy-makers. Here, we surveyed population structure and genetic variation of the red seaweed Gracilaria vermiculophylla along the coast of China using genome-based amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) scanning. Regardless of analysis methods used, AFLP consistently revealed a south to north genetic isolation. Populations at the southern coast of China showed unique genetic variation and much greater allelic richness, heterozygosity, and average genetic diversity than the northern. In particular, we identified a geographical barrier that may hinder genetic exchange between the two lineages. Consequently, the characterized genetic lineage at the southern coast of China likely resulted from the interplay of post-glacial persistence of ancestral diversity, geographical isolation and local adaptation. In particular, the southern populations are indispensable components to explore evolutionary genetics and historical biogeography of G. vermiculophylla in the northwestern Pacific, and the unique diversity also has important conservation value in terms of projected climate warming.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.149-158
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• 2008

This study identifies the present status of multicultural broadcasting programs as multicultural phenomenon is spreading throughout Korean society and it discusses how a local broadcasting has to reflect locality and multicultural characteristic. A notion on the local of multimedia and multichannel time is expanding as a concept of emotional and psychological territory over geographical space. Therefore the locality should reflect attachment and interests of its members as well as disseminating multicultural reality. A locality for broadcasting should accept differences, reflect a cultural diversity, and satisfy its dynamics. The purpose of this study is to inquire whether a local broadcasting is performing its function as a local press and a place forpublic opinions by examining how they reflect reality of local, where an inflow of Immigrants and their cultures are altering the place as a multicultural society, and what Programs they propose. This study also presents media education for immigrants, revitalization of community, multicultural education about local citizens, and practical use of multicultural contents and small output radio as a source of supply for local broadcasting program in order to harmonize production of multlcultural media contents In local society.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2014

This research was conducted on the conservation area of Baekdudaegan, Kangwondo under the purpose of evaluating bio-diversity according to the changes of spatial scale, using GIS data and spatial filtering method. The diversity index was calculated based on the information of species of The $5^{th}$ forest type map using Shannon-weaver index (H'), evenness index ($E_i$) and richness index ($R_i$). The diversity index was analyzed and compared according to the changes of 12 spatial scales from Kernel size $3{\times}3$ to $73{\times}73$ and basin unit. As for H' and $R_i$, spatial scale increased as diversity index decreased, while $E_i$ decreases gradually. H' and $R_i$ was highest; each 1.1 and 0.6, when the Kernel size was $73{\times}73$, while $E_i$ was 0.2, the lowest. When you look at according to the basin unit, for large basin unit, 'YeongDong' region shows higher diversity index than 'YeongSeo' region. For middle basin unit, 'Gangneung Namdaecheon' region, and for small basin unit, 'Gangneung Namdaecheon' and 'Gangneung Ohbongdaem' region shows high diversity index. When you look at the relationship between diversity index and Geographic factors, H' shows positive relation to curvature and sunshine factor while shows negative to elevation, slope, hillshade, and wetness index. Also $E_i$ was similar to the relationship between H' and Geographic factor. Meanwhile, $R_i$ shows positive relationship to curvature and sunshine factor, while negative to elevation, slope, hillshade, and wetness index. macro unit diversity index evaluation was possible through the GIS data and spatial filtering, and it can be a good source for local biosphere conservation policy making.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.225-242
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• 2004

As is widely accepted, port development has a significant impact on the regional economy. In view of the far-reaching effects and diversity, understanding its concrete substance is easier said than done. The need for a systematic approach to this subject is very urgent. This study aims at grasping a various fields that port development encompasses, as practical as possible. Therefore, this article describes the basic economic impact and characteristics of port development and explores the implications for regional economy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1219-1222
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• 2004

The genetic diversities of 10 Chinese pig populations were analyzed by using microsatellite DNA polymorphisms. The results showed that the mean heterozygosities of the 10 populations were between 0.4561 and 0.6446, the mean polymorphism information contents were 0.4241-0.6184 and the mean effective number of alleles were 2.4295-3.7573. These indicated that the genetic diversity of local Chinese pigs was high. The clustering of the 10 populations was nearly inaccordance with their geographical distributions.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.275-296
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• 2016

This article presents an adaptive directional differential evolution (ADDE) algorithm and its application in solving discrete sizing truss optimization problems. The algorithm is featured by a new self-adaptation approach and a simple directional strategy. In the adaptation approach, the mutation operator is adjusted in accordance with the change of population diversity, which can well balance between global exploration and local exploitation as well as locate the promising solutions. The directional strategy is based on the order relation between two difference solutions chosen for mutation and can bias the search direction for increasing the possibility of finding improved solutions. In addition, a new scaling factor is introduced as a vector of uniform random variables to maintain the diversity without crossover operation. Numerical results show that the optimal solutions of ADDE are as good as or better than those from some modern metaheuristics in the literature, while ADDE often uses fewer structural analyses.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.473-478
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• 2022

To overcome the capture-range problem in phase-diversity phase retrieval (PDPR), a geometrical-optics initial-estimate method is proposed to avoid a local minimum and to improve the accuracy of laser-wavefront measurement. We calculate the low-order aberrations through the geometrical-optics model, which is based on the two spot images in the propagation path of the laser, and provide it as a starting guess for the PDPR algorithm. Simulations show that this improves the accuracy of wavefront recovery by 62.17% compared to other initial values, and the iteration time with our method is reduced by 28.96%. That is, this approach can solve the capture-range problem.