• 제목/요약/키워드: local deformation

검색결과 602건 처리시간 0.051초

구강 편평세포암종 세포주에서 Cyclosporin A와 Taxol 투여시 PI-3 kinase/Akt1 Pathway에 의한 세포사멸 병용효과 (APOPTOTIC EFFECT IN COMBINATION OF CYCLOSPORIN A AND TAXOL ON ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA CELL LINE THROUGH THE PI-3 KINASE/AKT1 PATHWAY)

  • 김규영;이재훈
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    • 제33권5호
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    • pp.426-436
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    • 2007
  • Oral cancer take up 2-6% of all carcinomas and squamous cell carcinoma, which is the most common type in oral cancer, has a poor prognosis due to its high metastasis and recurrence rates. In treating oral cancer, chemotherapy to the primary, metastasized and recurrent lesion is a very important and useful treatment, even though its widespread usage is limited due to high general toxicity and local toxicity to other organs. Taxol, a microtubule stabilizing agent, is an anticancer drug that induces cell apoptosis by inhibiting depolymerization of microtubules in between the metaphase and anaphase of the cell mitosis. Recently, its effectiveness and mechanism on various tumor has been reported. However, not much research has been done on the application of Taxol to oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cyclosporin A, which is an immunosuppressant, is being used on cancers and when co-administered with Taxol, effectiveness of Taxol is enhanced by inhibition of Taxol induced multidrug resistance. In this study, Cyclosporin A with different concentration of Taxol was co-administered to HN22, the oral squamous cell carcinomacell line. To observe the cell apoptosis and the mechanisms that take part in this process, mortality evaluation of tumor cell using wortmannin, c-DNA microarray, RT-PCR analysis, cytometry analysis and western blotting were used, and based upon the observation on the effect and mechanism of the agent, the following results were obtained: 1. The HN22 cell line viability was lowest when $100{\mu}M$ of Wortmannin and $5{\mu}g/ml$ of Taxol were co-administered, showing that Taxol participates in P13K-AKT1 pathway. 2. In c-DNA microarray, where $1{\mu}g/ml$ of cyclosporine A and 3mg/ml of Taxol were co-administered, no up regulation of AKT1, PTEN and BAD c-DNA that participate in cell apoptosis was observed. 3. When $1{\mu}g/ml$ of Cyclosporin A was applied alone to HN22 cell line, no difference was found in AKT1, PTEN and BAD mRNA expression. 4. Increased AKT1, mRNA expression was observed when $3{\mu}g/ml$ of Taxol was applied alone to HN22 cell line. 5. When $1{\mu}g/ml$ of Cyclosporin A and Taxol($3{\mu}g/ml\;and\;5{\mu}g/ml$) were co-administered to HN22 cell line, PTEN mRNA expression increased, whereas AKT1 and BAD mRNA decreased. 6. As a result of cytometry analysis, in the group of Cyclosporin A($1{\mu}g/ml$) and Taxol($3{\mu}g/ml$) co-administration, increased Annxin V was observed, which shows that apoptosis occurred by deformation of plasma membrane. However, no significant difference was observed with vary ing concentration. 7. In western blot analysis, no caspase 3 was observed in the group of Cyclosporin A($1{\mu}g/ml$) and Taxol($3{\mu}g/ml$) co-administration. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that synergistic effect can be observed in combination therapy of Taxol and Cyclosporin A on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line, where decreased activity of the cell line was observed. This resulted in decreased AKT1 and BAD mRNA and increased PTEN mRNA expression and when wortmannin and Taxol were co-administered, the viability decreased which confirms that Taxol decreases the viability of tumor cell line. Hence, when Taxol and cyclosporine A are co-administered, it can be assumed that cell apoptosis occurs through AKt1 pathway.

명승 제15호 '남해 다랑이논' 석축의 훼손 실태 (A Study on the Damage Status of the Stone Retaining Wall in 'Namhae Dharanginon', Scenic Sites No.15)

  • 홍윤순;김오연
    • 한국전통조경학회지
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    • 제38권4호
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    • pp.74-85
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    • 2020
  • 경상남도 남해군의 가천마을 다랑이논은 한국의 산업기반형 역사문화 명승 중 가장 먼저 지정된 환경이며 지금까지도 농업활동을 수반하는 유일한 대상이다. 이곳의 기반환경인 석축은 그 특성상 자연적, 인위적 변형이 될 수밖에 없는 한계를 보유하나 이제까지 그 상황을 고찰한 연구가 전무한 실정이었다. 이에 본 연구는 2020년 5월 말을 기준으로 명승 지정범위의 약 30%에 달하는 조사가능 하부영역의 훼손 실태를 정량적, 정성적 측면에서 조사, 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 조사 대상환경 내 다랑이논 석축의 물리적 훼손을 드러내는 유실상태는 해안가 주변과 경사가 높은 북쪽 지역, 관광안내소와 주차장 인근 등에서 특히 심각하였다. 반면 석축 훼손의 정성적 측면은 마을 및 주차장 등과 인접한 석축에서 이질적 재료로 보수한 양상이 눈에 띄게 나타났으며, 거주지와 멀리 격리된 환경에서 식물의 피복으로 인한 경관 훼손 양상이 크게 발견되었다. 아울러 경사, 표고, 토양 등 자연환경요소들은 석축의 물리적 훼손 정도와 밀접한 관계성을 보여주는바, 경사가 급할수록, 표고가 높을수록, 토양 배수가 양호할수록 그 영향은 큰 특징을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 경작 활동, 관리 주체 등의 인문환경요소가 석축의 물리적 훼손 및 명승 관리에 중요한 인자를 이룬다는 것을 시사한다. 따라서 향후 다랑이논과 석축의 보존을 위해서는 농업용수의 확보 및 토양개량 등 농업환경 개선과 함께 지역 거주민과 함께하는 관리방안의 모색이 필수적이라고 판단된다.