• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.246-246
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• 2023

Multi-purpose dams are operated accounting for both physical and socioeconomic factors. This study aims to evaluate the utility of a deep learning algorithm-based model for three multi-purpose dam operation (Seomjin River dam, Juam dam, and Juam Control dam) in Seomjin River. In this study, the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) algorithm is applied to predict hourly water level of the dam reservoirs over 2002-2021. The hyper-parameters are optimized by the Bayesian optimization algorithm to enhance the prediction skill of the GRU model. The GRU models are set by the following cases: single dam input - single dam output (S-S), multi-dam input - single dam output (M-S), and multi-dam input - multi-dam output (M-M). Results show that the S-S cases with the local dam information have the highest accuracy above 0.8 of NSE. Results from the M-S and M-M model cases confirm that upstream dam information can bring important information for downstream dam operation prediction. The S-S models are simulated with altered outflows (-40% to +40%) to generate the simulated water level of the dam reservoir as alternative dam operational scenarios. The alternative S-S model simulations show physically inconsistent results, indicating that our deep learning algorithm-based model is not explainable for multi-purpose dam operation patterns. To better understand this limitation, we further analyze the relationship between observed water level and outflow of each dam. Results show that complexity in outflow-water level relationship causes the limited predictability of the GRU algorithm-based model. This study highlights the importance of socioeconomic factors from hidden multi-purpose dam operation processes on not only physical processes-based modeling but also aritificial intelligence modeling.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.426-438
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• 2023

Purpose: Walking practice is a representative indicator of the level of physical activity of local residents. Although the world health organization addressed reduction in prevalence of insufficient physical activity as a global target, the rate of walking practice in Korea has not improved and there are large regional disparities. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the spatial variations of walking practice and its associated factors in Korea. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted using Community Health Outcome and Health Determinants Database 1.3 from Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A total of 229 districts was included in the analysis. We compared the ordinary least squares (OLS) and the geographically weighted regression (GWR) to explore the associated factors of walking practice. MGWR 2.2.1 software was used to explore the spatial distribution of walking practice and modeling the GWR. Results: Walking practice had spatial variations across the country. The results showed that the GWR model had better accommodation of spatial autocorrelation than the OLS model. The GWR results indicated that different predictors of walking practice across regions of Korea. Conclusion: The findings of this study may provide insight to nursing researchers, health professionals, and policy makers in planning health programs to promote walking practices in their respective communities.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.187-214
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• 2010

This article is aimed at understanding the goals of the citizenship educations and changes of political cultures in the Sukarno, Suharto, and the post-Suharto periods in Indonesia. Sukarno's and Suharto's regimes adopted Pancasila, Indonesia's state ideology, as the philosophical basis of education. The citizenship education based on Pancasila was nothing but a political education, which aimed at suppressing the masses and justifying authoritarian rules of the regimes. After the collapse of the Suharto regime, a democratic citizenship education has launched, which emphasized the expanded civic rights and obligations as world citizens and the masses' active participation in politics. However, in this new curriculum, Pancasila is still emphasized as the supporting philosophical pillar of education. The reason is because, through the values of communitarianism represented in the discourse of Pancasila, the state needs to control the possible irresponsible and undemocratic behaviors of local powers and global economy when liberalism is not effectively controlled.

• KNOM Review
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.25-30
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• 2019

For meteorological applications, meaningful results must be derived and provided within time and resource limits. Forecasts through numerous historical data are time-consuming and still have resource limitations in the case of disaster safety-related analyses/predictions such as local typhoon forecasts. Suitable forecasts should be provided without any problems caused by limited physical environmental conditions and when results are to be drawn under time constraints, such as typhoon forecasts and forecast services for flooded areas by road. In this paper, we analyze the application of weather and climate forecasting to provide a suitable forecasting service in both temporal and resource conditions. Through the analysis of execution time according to mesh sizes, it was confirmed that a mesh adjustment can cope with the case of the temporal constraint. In addition, by analyzing the execution time through memory resource control, we confirmed the minimum resource condition that does not affect the performance and the resource usage pattern of the application through the swap and mlock analysis.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.273-294
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• 2023

Background: Most developed countries are working to improve their universal health coverage systems. This study investigates regional disparities in unmet healthcare needs and their causes in South Korea. Additionally, it compares the unmet healthcare needs rate in South Korea with that of 33 European countries. Methods: The analysis incorporates information from 13,359 adults aged 19 or older, using data from the Korea Health Panel. The dependent variables encompass the experience of unmet healthcare needs and the three causes of occurrence: "burden of medical expenses," "time constraints," and "lack of care." The primary variable of interest is the region of residence, while control variables encompass 14 socio-demographic, health, and functional characteristics. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis, accounting for the sampling design, is conducted. Results: The rate of unmet healthcare needs in Korea is 11.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.0%-13.3%), which is approximately 30 times higher than that of Austria (0.4%). The causes of unmet healthcare needs, ranked in descending order, are "lack of care," "time constraints," and "burden of medical expenses." Predictive probabilities for experiencing unmet healthcare needs and each cause differ significantly between regions. For instance, the probability of experiencing unmet healthcare needs due to "lack of care" is approximately 10 times higher in Gangwon-do (13.5%; 95% CI, 13.0%-14.1%) than in Busan (1.3%; 95% CI, 1.3%-1.4%). The probability due to "burden of medical expenses" is approximately 14 times higher in Seoul (4.1%; 95% CI, 3.6%-4.6%) compared to Jeollanam-do (0.3%; 95% CI, 0.2%-0.4%). Conclusion: Amid rapid sociodemographic transitions, South Korea must make significant efforts to alleviate unmet healthcare needs and the associated regional disparities. To effectively achieve this, it is recommended that South Korea involves the National Assembly in healthcare policy-making, while maintaining a centralized financing model and delegating healthcare planning and implementation to regional authorities for their local residents-similar to the approaches of the United Kingdom and France.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.216-224
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• 2023

In several schistosomiasis-endemic countries, the prevalence has remained high in some areas owing to reinfection despite repeated mass drug administration (MDA) interventions; these areas are referred to as persistent hot spots. Identifying hotspots is critical for interrupting transmission. This study aimed to determine an effective means of identifying persistent hot spots. First, we investigated the differences between Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni prevalence among school-aged children (SAC) estimated by a community-based survey, for which local key informants purposively selected communities, and a randomly sampled school-based survey. A total of 6,225 individuals residing in 60 villages in 8 districts of North Kordofan, Blue Nile, or Sennar States, Sudan participated in a community-based survey in March 2018. Additionally, the data of 3,959 students attending 71 schools in the same 8 districts were extracted from a nationwide school-based survey conducted in January 2017. The community-based survey identified 3 districts wherein the prevalence of S. haematobium or S. mansoni infection among SAC was significantly higher than that determined by the randomly sampled school survey (e.g., S. haematobium in the Sennar district: 10.8% vs. 1.1%, P<0.001). At the state level, the prevalence of schistosomiasis among SAC, as determined by the community-based survey, was consistently significantly higher than that determined by the school-based survey. Purposeful selection of villages or schools based on a history of MDA, latrine coverage, open defecation, and the prevalence of bloody urine improved the ability for identifying persistent hot spots.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.413-422
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• 2016

A construction manager tries to complete a construction project within its duration and budget using available resources. Schedule networks such as Bar-chart and CPM(critical path method) are used to finish the project within the duration. A survey shows that small contractors prefer Microsoft Excel to commercial time management softwares to manage construction time in their fields, because the Excel is useful to control cost with schedule and few time management experts works in the small contractors. A college produces talented graduates who are able to manage time of a construction project. But the quality and quantity of college eduction for time management is insufficient. Another survey shows that majors in Architectural engineering of local national universities have the curriculum for time management, and teach mainly the theory of network scheduling and how to make the network schedule. The several majors have classes for the theory and exercise of commercial time management softwares in several majors. It is necessary to educate time management experts able to use Bar-chart and commercial time management softwares for the small contractors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.150-152
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• 2021

For the development of a resource recycling society, it is important to control the generation of waste in all processes such as production, distribution, consumption and disposal, and to recycle the recyclable resources of waste instead of simply landfilling and incineration. However, in order to develop a resource-recycling society, not only emitters, businesses, and the central government, but also local governments need to work together to find a solution. Therefore, in this study, we present a promotion strategy for the development of Sejong City's resource-recycling society, taking into consideration the current situation of Sejong City as well as changes in the government's institution system. We suggest that regionally preparing recycling priority management plan, maximizing waste resource utilization, establishing recycling industry activation plan, and building a systematic and efficient recycling platform, etc.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.172-178
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• 2023

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is a noninvasive surgery, but postoperative pain is a major problem. Studies have indicated that erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has an analgesic effect after LC. We aimed to compare the efficacy of different ESPB anesthetic concentrations in pain control in patients with LC. Methods: This retrospective study included patients aged 20 to 75 years scheduled for LC with the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification I or II. ESPB was administered using 0.375% bupivacaine in group 1 and 0.25% in group 2. Both groups received general anesthesia. Postoperative tramadol consumption and pain scores were compared and intraoperative and postoperative fentanyl requirements in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) were measured. Results: Eighty-five patients were included in this analysis. Tramadol consumption in the first 12 hours, second 12 hours, and total 24 hours was similar between groups (p>0.05). The differences between postoperative numeric rating scale (NRS) scores at rest did not differ significantly. The postoperative NRS scores upon bodily movement were not statistically different between the two groups, except at 12 hours. The mean intraoperative and postoperative fentanyl requirements in the PACU were similar. The difference in the requirement for rescue analgesics was not statistically significant (p=0.788). Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided ESPB performed with different bupivacaine concentrations was effective in both groups for LC analgesia, with similar opioid consumption. A lower concentration of local anesthetic can be helpful for the safety of regional anesthesia and is recommended for the analgesic effect of ESPB in LC.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.5B
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• pp.511-517
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• 2006

Flood damage is one of the most important and influential natural disaster which has an effect on human beings. Local concentrated heavy rainfall in urban area yields flood damage increase due to insufficient capacity of drainage system. When the excessive flood occurs in urban area, it yields huge property losses of public facilities involving roadway inundation to paralyze industrial and transportation system of the city. To prevent such flood damages in urban area, it is necessary to develop adequate inundation analysis model which can consider complicated geometry of urban area and artificial drainage system simultaneously. In this study, an urban flood analysis model adopting the unstructured computational grid was developed to simulate the urban flood characteristics such as inundation area, depth and integrated with subsurface drainage network systems. By the result, we can make use of these presented method to find a flood hazard area and to make a flodd evacuation map. The model can also establish flood-mitigation measures as a part of the decision support system for flood control authority.