• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.84-90
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• 2009

In this paper, the RFID-based ad-hoc network is presented for the efficient yard management of the container terminal. The loading and unloading work is performed through the ad-hoc communication between YT and GC, YT and TC within the yard without the control of the central server. That makes the efficient operation of the yard with real task correspondence. Using the location information of the RFID tag, we have proposed the routing protocol which is suitable for the yard environment of the container terminal. The performance evaluation has been carried out through the network simulator and gained an effective results.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.269-289
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• 2019

This study investigated experimentally the response of thick reinforced concrete specimens having hollow cores with critical parameters. The investigation includes testing of twelve specimens that are solid and hollow-core slab models. Each specimen consists of two pieces, the piece dimensions are (1.2 m) length, (0.3 m) width and (20 cm) thickness tested under both monotonic and repeated loading. The test program is carried out to study the effects of load type, core diameters, core shape, number of cores, and steel fiber existence. Load versus deflection at mid span, failure modes, and crack patterns were obtained during the test. The test results showed that core shape and core number has remarkable influenced on cracking pattern, ultimate load, and failure mode. Also, when considering repeated loading protocol, the ultimate load capacity, load at yielding, and ductility is reduced.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.227-233
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• 2011

This study aimed at developing cryopreservation protocol for chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzelevcv. peak) shoot apices based on droplet-vitrification procedure, which is a combination of droplet-freezing and solution based vitrification. Progressive preculture of shoot apices in liquid MS medium supplemented with 0.3 and 0.7 M sucrose for 31 and 17 hours, respectively, was found optimum among preculture treatments tested. The composition of both loading and vitrification solutions significantly affected recovery growth of shoot tips before and after cryopreservation. Balancing glycerol and sucrose concentrations in the solutions was beneficial for recovery growth. The highest recovery after cryopreservation was observed when apical shoot tips were extracted from 4-week-old in vitro plantlets, progressively precultured with 0.3-0.5-0.7 M sucrose for 32-16-6 hours, respectively, then treated with loading solution comprising of 1.9 M glycerol + 0.5 M sucrose (35% PVS3 solution). Apices were then dehydrated with the vitrification solution consisted of 50% glycerol + 50% sucrose for 90 minutes then directly immersed in liquid nitrogen.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.767-788
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• 2015

A steel shear wall with double-tapered links and in-plane reference was developed for assisting the assessment of the structural condition of a building after an earthquake while maintaining the original role of the wall as a passive damper device. The double-tapered link subjected to in-plane shear deformation is designed to deform torsionally after the onset of local buckling and works as an indicator of the maximum shear deformation sustained by the shear wall during an earthquake. This paper first examines the effectiveness of double-tapered links in the assessment of the structural condition under various types of loading. A design procedure using a baseline incremental two-cycle loading protocol is verified numerically and experimentally. Meanwhile, in-plane reference links are introduced to double-tapered links and greatly enhance objectivity in the inspection of notable torsional deformation with the naked eye. Finally, a double-layer system, which consists of a layer with double-tapered links and a layer with rectangular links made of low-yield-point steel, is tested to demonstrate the feasibility of realizing both structural condition assessment and enhanced energy dissipation.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.516-519
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• 2005

An useful protocol coiled load duration curve methodology to estimate contaminant loading to a river on an exceedance probability scale was developed in this research. The technique was further applied to estimate total coliform loading to the Geum River, using the daily mean flow rate and total coliform concentration data during January, 1996 and July, 2004 for the Gongju where an automated monitoring station is located. Drought flow of the Gongju (=50.3 cms) was equivalent to 40% on an exceedance probability scale. Load duration curve for total coliform loading at the Gongju was constructed. Standard duration curve was constructed with the water quality criteria for the class 2 (total coliform concentration = 1000 MPN/100 mL). By plotting load duration curve with standard duration curve, it could be revealed that water quality do not meet the desired water quality for 47% on an exceedance probability scale. If linearity between flow rate and coliform concentration is assumed, it can be interpretated that water quality exceeds desired criteria when average mean flow rate is over 51 cms.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.343-350
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• 2010

Wireless Sensor Network is an event-driven system that a large number of micro sensor nodes are collected, giving and Wing information. Congestion can take place easily since a great number of sensor nodes are sensing data and transferring them to sink nodes when an event occurs, comparing to the existing wired network. Current internet transport protocol is TCP/UDP, however, this is not proper for wireless sensor network event-driven ESRT, STCP and CODA are being studied for reliable data transport in the wireless sensor network. Congestion are being detected local buffer and channel loading with these techniques. Broadcasting is mainly used and can avoid congestion when one happens. The way that combining local buffer and channel loading information and detecting congestion is being studied in this paper. When congestion occurs, buffering state is divided into three in order to lessen the broadcasting sending the message on congestion control to the node having frequent channel loading. Thus they have advantage of decreasing network's loading.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 2012

An efficient protocol for cryopreservation of madder hairy root cultures has been developed using droplet-vitrification. In previous study, combining loading solution C4 (35% PVS3) and vitrification solution B5 (80% PVS3) was the most effective method. In this study, we tried three types of vitrification solution, B5, A3 (90% PVS2, on ice), and A5 (70% PVS2, on ice). Combining loading solution C4 and vitrification solution A5 (on ice) showed the best regeneration rate in this study. Histological changes of the cells within the hairy root of madder were also observed in different steps. The cells from the hairy roots of the control treatment were full and intact with different size of vacuoles and obvious cell nucleus having a dark nucleolus. After the stage of preparing for cryopreservation (after preculturing, loading, followed by dehydration solution A5 or B5), intercellular spaces had become distinct, and within cells, the cytoplasms had become denser and week plasmolyses had appeared. The cell plasmolyses were much more apparent and we measured the degree of plasmolysis by calculating, the area of cell/the area of cytoplasm. The value of plasmolysis degree was the highest in the combination of preculture, loading solution C4, and dehydration solution A5, 1.97. Because the highest regeneration rates appeared in the treatment of A5 for 20 min, we could assume that the optimal degree of plasmolysis for cryopreservation might be around 1.97. The changes in cell structure during cryopreservation might be a useful basis for the development of a proper long-term preservation method for madder germplasms.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.674-688
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• 2003

Statement of Problem : With increasing demand of the implant-supported prosthesis, it is advantageous to use the different platform width of the fixture according to bone quantity and quality of the patients. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to assess the loading distributing characteristics of two implant designs according to each platform width of fixture, under vertical and inclined loading using finite element analysis. Material and method : The two kinds of finite element models were designed according to each platform width of future (4.1mm restorative component x 11.5mm length, 5.0mm wide-diameter restorative component x 11.5mm length). The crown for mandibular first molar was made using UCLA abutment. Each three-dimensional finite element model was created with the physical properties of the implant and surrounding bone. This study simulated loads of 200N at the central fossa in a vertical direction, 200N at the outside point of the central fossa with resin filling into screw hole in a vertical direction and 200N at the buccal cusp in a 300 transverse direction individually Von Mises stresses were recorded and compared in the supporting bone, fixture, and abutment screw. Results : The stresses were concentrated mainly at the cortex in both vertical and oblique load ing but the stresses in the cancellous bone were low in both vertical and oblique loading. Bending moments resulting from non-axial loading of dental implants caused stress concentrations on cortical bone. The magnitude of the stress was greater with the oblique loading. Increasing the platform width of the implant fixture decreased the stress in the supporting bone, future and abutment screw. Increased the platform width of fixture decreased the stress in the crown and platform. Conclusion : Conclusively, this investigation provides evidence that the platform width of the implant fixture directly affects periimplant stress. By increasing the platform width of the implant fixture, it showed tendency to decreased the supporting bone, future and screw. But, further clinical studies are necessary to determine the ideal protocol for the successful placement of wide platform implants.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.694-702
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• 2007

The SSWM(Software Switching Mechanism) of I-processor concept using non-real time in-house software simulation program is an effective method in order to develop the flight control law in desktop or HQS environment. And, this system has some advantages compare to HSWM(Hardware Switching Mechanism) such as remove the time delay effectiveness and reduce the costs of development. But, if this system loading to the OFP(Operational Flight Program), the OFP guarantee the enough throughput in order to calculate the two control law at once. Therefore, the HSWM(Hardware Switching Mechanism) of 2-processor concept is necessary. This paper addresses the concept of HSWM of the HQS-PC interface using TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) communication based on flight control law of advanced supersonic trainer. And, the fader logic of TFS(Transient Free Switch) and stand-by mode of reset '0' type are designed in order to reduce the abrupt transient response and minimize the integrator effect in pitch axis. The result of the analysis based on HQS pilot simulation using HSWM reveals that the flight control systems are switching between two computers without any problem.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.562-570
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• 2023

The droplet-vitrification technique for cryopreservation has proven successful across a diverse range of germplasm, ensuring safe and effective long term preservation. In this study, we investigate an effective cryopreservation protocol using the droplet-vitrification technique for shoot tips of Freesia hybrida cultivars 'Sunny Gold' and 'Sweet Lemon'. To determine optimal conditions for Freesia cryopreservation, we employed a carefully selected standard procedure along with additional treatments and alternative solutions. For 'Sunny Gold', the highest regrowth rate of 24% was achieved when shoot tips underwent dehydration with PVS3 solution for 120 minutes before direct immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN) for 1 hour, coupled with a standard protocol involving a two-step preculture with 0.3 M - 0.5 M sucrose, loading with C4 for 40 minutes, and unloading with 0.8 M sucrose for 40 minutes. In the case of 'Sweet Lemon,' regrowth of cryopreserved shoot tips was observed with dehydration treatments, including PVS2 (A3) for 60 minutes and PVS3 (B1) for 60 minutes, as well as longer exposure. The results reflect the distinct sensitivity of shoot tips to chemical toxicity and osmotic stress in these two genotypes. This study provides valuable evidence to consistently enhance the effectiveness of cryopreservation methods for the long-term conservation of Freesia germplasm.